Pesticide productivity and food security. A review
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In this article, the authors present a review of worldwide crop losses due to pests, estimates of pesticide-related productivity, and costs and benefits of pesticide use, approaches to reduce yield losses by chemical, as well as biological and recombinant methods of pest control and the challenges of the crop protection industry.Abstract:
The 7 billion global population is projected to grow by 70 million per annum, increasing by 30 % to 9.2 billion by 2050. This increased population density is projected to increase demand for food production by 70 % notably due to changes in dietary habits in developing countries towards high quality food, e.g. greater consumption of meat and milk products and to the increasing use of grains for livestock feed. The availability of additional agricultural land is limited. Any expansion will happen mostly at the expense of forests and the natural habitats containing wildlife, wild relatives of crops and natural enemies of crop pests. Furthermore, more agricultural land will be used to produce bio-based commodities such as biofuel or fibre instead of food. Thus, we need to grow food on even less land, with less water, using less energy, fertiliser and pesticide than we use today. Given these limitations, sustainable production at elevated levels is urgently needed. The reduction of current yield losses caused by pests is a major challenge to agricultural production. This review presents (1) worldwide crop losses due to pests, (2) estimates of pesticide-related productivity, and costs and benefits of pesticide use, (3) approaches to reduce yield losses by chemical, as well as biological and recombinant methods of pest control and (4) the challenges of the crop-protection industry. The general public has a critical function in determining the future role of pesticides in agriculture. However, as long as there is a demand for pesticide-based solutions to pest control problems and food security concerns, the externality problems associated with the human and environmental health effects of pesticides need also to be addressed.read more
Citations
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Crop losses to pests
TL;DR: Despite a clear increase in pesticide use, crop losses have not significantly decreased during the last 40 years, however, pesticide use has enabled farmers to modify production systems and to increase crop productivity without sustaining the higher losses likely to occur from an increased susceptibility to the damaging effect of pests.
BookDOI
Water for Food Water for Life : A Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture
TL;DR: Molden et al. as discussed by the authors presented a comprehensive assessment of water management in agriculture, focusing on water for food, water for life, and water for the future of agriculture.
Journal ArticleDOI
Safeguarding production--losses in major crops and the role of crop protection.
TL;DR: Although viruses cause serious problems in potatoes and sugar beets in some areas, worldwide losses due to viruses averaged 6–7% on these crops and overall, weeds had the highest loss potential with animal pests and pathogens being less important.
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Crop Production and Crop Protection: Estimated Losses in Major Food and Cash Crops
TL;DR: Dehne et al. as mentioned in this paper presented a survey of crop losses in the U.S. and Europe and concluded that the importance of crop protection in agriculture has not yet been recognized.