Journal ArticleDOI
Phanerozoic trends in the global diversity of marine invertebrates.
John Alroy,Martin Aberhan,David J. Bottjer,Michael Foote,Franz T. Fürsich,Peter J. Harries,Austin J.W. Hendy,Austin J.W. Hendy,Steven M. Holland,Linda C. Ivany,Wolfgang Kiessling,Matthew A. Kosnik,Charles R. Marshall,Alistair J. McGowan,Arnold I. Miller,Thomas D. Olszewski,Mark E. Patzkowsky,Shanan E. Peters,Shanan E. Peters,Loïc Villier,Peter J. Wagner,Nicole Bonuso,Nicole Bonuso,Philip S. Borkow,Benjamin Brenneis,Matthew E. Clapham,Matthew E. Clapham,Leigh M. Fall,Chad Allen Ferguson,Victoria L. Hanson,Victoria L. Hanson,Andrew Z. Krug,Andrew Z. Krug,Karen M. Layou,Karen M. Layou,Karen M. Layou,Erin Leckey,Sabine Nürnberg,Catherine M. Powers,Jocelyn A. Sessa,Jocelyn A. Sessa,Carl Simpson,Carl Simpson,Adam Tomašových,Adam Tomašových,Christy C. Visaggi,Christy C. Visaggi +46 more
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TLDR
In this paper, a new data set of fossil occurrences representing 3.5 million specimens was presented, and it was shown that global and local diversity was less than twice as high in the Neogene as in the mid-Paleozoic.Abstract:
It has previously been thought that there was a steep Cretaceous and Cenozoic radiation of marine invertebrates. This pattern can be replicated with a new data set of fossil occurrences representing 3.5 million specimens, but only when older analytical protocols are used. Moreover, analyses that employ sampling standardization and more robust counting methods show a modest rise in diversity with no clear trend after the mid-Cretaceous. Globally, locally, and at both high and low latitudes, diversity was less than twice as high in the Neogene as in the mid-Paleozoic. The ratio of global to local richness has changed little, and a latitudinal diversity gradient was present in the early Paleozoic.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Has the Earth’s sixth mass extinction already arrived?
Anthony D. Barnosky,Nicholas J. Matzke,Susumu Tomiya,Susumu Tomiya,Guinevere O. U. Wogan,Guinevere O. U. Wogan,Brian Swartz,Tiago B. Quental,Tiago B. Quental,Charles R. Marshall,Jenny L. McGuire,Emily L. Lindsey,Kaitlin C. Maguire,Ben Mersey,Elizabeth A Ferrer +14 more
TL;DR: Differences between fossil and modern data and the addition of recently available palaeontological information influence understanding of the current extinction crisis, and results confirm that current extinction rates are higher than would be expected from the fossil record.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate change and the past, present, and future of biotic interactions
TL;DR: This work highlights episodes of climate change that have disrupted ecosystems and trophic interactions over time scales ranging from years to millennia by changing species’ relative abundances and geographic ranges, causing extinctions, and creating transient and novel communities dominated by generalist species and interactions.
Journal ArticleDOI
The timing and pattern of biotic recovery following the end-Permian mass extinction
TL;DR: In the early Triassic period, Ammonoids and some other groups diversified rapidly, within 1-3 Myr, but extinctions continued through the Early Triassic, and a stable, complex ecosystem did not re-emerge until the beginning of the Middle Triassic 8-9 Myr after the crisis as discussed by the authors.
Book
Ichnology: Organism-Substrate Interactions in Space and Time
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed analysis of the ichnology of a range of depositional environments is presented using examples from the Precambrian to the recent, and the use of trace fossils in facies analysis and sequence stratigraphy is discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Disintegration of the ecological community.
TL;DR: It is suggested that the distributions of species within a region reveal more about the processes that generate diversity patterns than does the co‐occurrence of species at any given point.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Mass Extinctions in the Marine Fossil Record
David M. Raup,J. John Sepkoski +1 more
TL;DR: A new compilation of fossil data on invertebrate and vertebrate families indicates that four mass extinctions in the marine realm are statistically distinct from background extinction levels.
Journal ArticleDOI
A kinetic model of Phanerozoic taxonomic diversity; III, Post-Paleozoic families and mass extinctions
TL;DR: The good fit of this model to data on Phanerozoic familial diversity suggests that many of the large-scale patterns of diversification seen in the marine fossil record of animal families are simple consequences of nonlinear interrelationships among a small number of parameters that are intrinsic to the evolutionary faunas and are largely (but not completely) invariant through time.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diversification and extinction in the history of life
TL;DR: Analysis of the fossil record of microbes, algae, fungi, protists, plants, and animals shows that the diversity of both marine and continental life increased exponentially since the end of the Precambrian, but no support was found for the periodicity of mass extinctions.
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