Pharmaceutical Applications of Hot-Melt Extrusion: Part I
TL;DR: The pharmaceutical applications of hot-melt extrusion, including equipment, principles of operation, and process technology, are reviewed and the physicochemical properties of the resultant dosage forms are described.
Abstract: Interest in hot-melt extrusion techniques for pharmaceutical applications is growing rapidly with well over 100 papers published in the pharmaceutical scientific literature in the last 12 years. Hot-melt extrusion (HME) has been a widely applied technique in the plastics industry and has been demonstrated recently to be a viable method to prepare several types of dosage forms and drug delivery systems. Hot-melt extruded dosage forms are complex mixtures of active medicaments, functional excipients, and processing aids. HME also offers several advantages over traditional pharmaceutical processing techniques including the absence of solvents, few processing steps, continuous operation, and the possibility of the formation of solid dispersions and improved bioavailability. This article, Part I, reviews the pharmaceutical applications of hot-melt extrusion, including equipment, principles of operation, and process technology. The raw materials processed using this technique are also detailed and the physicochemical properties of the resultant dosage forms are described. Part II of this review will focus on various applications of HME in drug delivery such as granules, pellets, immediate and modified release tablets, transmucosal and transdermal systems, and implants.
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01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the effects of knowledge on knowledge-based beliefs and their application in the field of cyber-security, e.g., cyber-war games.
Abstract: ..................................................................................................i DEDICATION................................................................................................ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...............................................................................iii CHAPTER
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Cites background from "Pharmaceutical Applications of Hot-..."
...HME is a series of unit operations where feeding, mixing, melting, conveying and cooling takes place in a streamlined continuous operation(36)....
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...Additional processing aids such as anti-oxidants, preservatives, crystallization inhibitors, complexing agents, lubricants, anti-tacking agents may be necessary to cater specific needs of the drug molecule(36)....
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01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this article, Carvedilol (CAR), a poorly water- soluble and thermal-sensitive model drug, was introduced into an amorphous methacrylate terpolymer matrix, Eudragit R
Abstract: Melt electrospinning (MES) was used to prepare fast dissolving fibrous drug delivery systems in the presence of plasticizers. This new method was found promising in the field of pharmac eutical formulation because it combines the advantages of melt extrusion and solvent-based electrospinning. Lowering of the pr ocess temperature was performed using plasticizers in order to avoid undesired thermal degradation. Carvedilol (CAR), a poorly water- soluble and thermal-sensitive model drug, was introduced into an amorphous methacrylate terpolymer matrix, Eudragit R
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TL;DR: In this paper, the physicochemical behavior of some selected thiobarbituartes and their interaction with ds-DNA was investigated and the mode of interaction and binding of these newly synthesized compounds with DNA was carried by using UV-Vis spectrometry.
Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the physicochemical behavior of some selected thiobarbituartes and explore their interaction with ds-DNA To the best of our knowledge limited work has been reported on physicochemical investigation of these medicinal compounds and their interaction with ds-DNA Therefore, this lack of information on the fundamental physicochemical studies of such medicinal compounds needs to be addressed For this purpose five thiobarbiturate derivatives, denoted as: MKA 25, MKA26, MKA27, MKA28, MKA29, have been synthesized and characterized Various physicochemical investigations of these thiobarbiturates are carried out The thermal decomposition of these medicinal compounds was also studied by TGA technique Further the mode of interaction and binding of these newly synthesized compounds with ds-DNA was carried by using UV–Vis spectrometry It was seen from the overall results that the physicochemical properties as well as the extent of their interaction with biopolymer not only depend on the side alkyl groups but also on varying the functional groups of the samples
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1,883 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: The authors provided the basic building blocks of polymer science and engineering by coverage of fundamental polymer chemistry and materials topics given in Chapters 1 through 7 and provided information on the exciting new materialsnow available and the emerging areas of technological growth that could motivate a new generation of scientists and engineers.
Abstract: From the Book:
PREFACE: At least dozens of good introductory textbooks on polymer science and engineering are now available. Why then has yet another book been written?
The decision was based on my belief that none of the available texts fully addresses the needs of students in chemical engineering. It is not that chemical engineers are a rare breed, but rather that they have special training in areas of thermodynamics and transport phenomena that is seldom challenged by texts designed primarily for students of chemistry or materials science. This has been a frustration of mine and of many of my students for the past 15 years during which I have taught an introductory course, Polymer Technology, to some 350 chemical engineering seniors. In response to this perceived need, I had written nine review articles that appeared in the SPE publication Plastics Engineering from 1982 to 1984. These served as hard copy for my students to supplement their classroom notes but fell short of a complete solution.
In writing this text, it was my objective to first provide the basic building blocks of polymer science and engineering by coverage of fundamental polymer chemistry and materials topics given in Chapters 1 through 7.
As a supplement to the traditional coverage of polymer thermodynamics, extensive discussion of phase equilibria, equation-of- state theories, and UNIFAC has been included in Chapter 3. Coverage of rheology, including the use of constitutive equations and the modeling of simple flow geometries, and the fundamentals of polymer processing operations are given in Chapter 11.
Finally, I wanted to provide information on the exciting new materialsnowavailable and the emerging areas of technological growth that could motivate a new generation of scientists and engineers. For this reason, engineering and specialty polymers are surveyed in Chapter 10 and important new applications for polymers in separations (membrane separations), electronics (conducting polymers), biotechnology (controlled drug release), and other specialized areas of engineering are given in Chapter 12. In all, this has been an ambitious undertaking and I hope that I have succeeded in at least some of these goals.
Although the intended audience for this text is advanced undergraduates and graduate students in chemical engineering, the coverage of polymer science fundamentals (Chapters 1 through 7) should be suitable for a semester course in a materials science or chemistry curriculum.
Chapters 8 through 10 intended as survey chapters of the principal categories of polymers commodity thermoplastics and fibers, network polymers (elastomers and thermosets), and engineering and specialty polymers may be included to supplement and reinforce the material presented in the chapters on fundamentals and should serve as a useful reference source for the practicing scientist or engineer in the plastics industry.
981 citations
TL;DR: A comparison of the carbonyl stretching region of γ indomethacin, known to form carboxylic acid dimers, with that of amorphous indometHacin indicated that the amorphously phase exists predominantly as dimers.
Abstract: Purpose. To study the molecular structure of indomethacin-PVP amorphous solid dispersions and identify any specific interactions between the components using vibrational spectroscopy.
904 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: In this article, the elastic properties of polymeric solids and their properties of rubber are discussed. But they focus on the structure of the molecule rather than the properties of the solids.
Abstract: Introduction. 1: Structure of the molecule. 2: Structure of polymeric solids. 3: The elastic properties of rubber. 4: Viscoelasticity. 5: Yield and fracture. 6: Reinforced polymers. 7: Forming. 8: Design. Further reading, Answers, Index
790 citations
TL;DR: Improved bioavailability was achieved again demonstrating the value of the technology as a drug delivery tool, with particular advantages over solvent processes like co-precipitation.
790 citations