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Journal ArticleDOI

Pharmaceutical Applications of Hot-Melt Extrusion: Part I

TL;DR: The pharmaceutical applications of hot-melt extrusion, including equipment, principles of operation, and process technology, are reviewed and the physicochemical properties of the resultant dosage forms are described.
Abstract: Interest in hot-melt extrusion techniques for pharmaceutical applications is growing rapidly with well over 100 papers published in the pharmaceutical scientific literature in the last 12 years. Hot-melt extrusion (HME) has been a widely applied technique in the plastics industry and has been demonstrated recently to be a viable method to prepare several types of dosage forms and drug delivery systems. Hot-melt extruded dosage forms are complex mixtures of active medicaments, functional excipients, and processing aids. HME also offers several advantages over traditional pharmaceutical processing techniques including the absence of solvents, few processing steps, continuous operation, and the possibility of the formation of solid dispersions and improved bioavailability. This article, Part I, reviews the pharmaceutical applications of hot-melt extrusion, including equipment, principles of operation, and process technology. The raw materials processed using this technique are also detailed and the physicochemical properties of the resultant dosage forms are described. Part II of this review will focus on various applications of HME in drug delivery such as granules, pellets, immediate and modified release tablets, transmucosal and transdermal systems, and implants.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Analyses of samples indicate that reduction of particle size of theAPI and appropriate selection of screw design can markedly improve the dissolution rate of the API during extrusion.

41 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Defang Ouyang1
TL;DR: In this paper, the molecular structure of solid dispersions with hot melt preparation method by the simulated annealing method was investigated, and the results showed linear polymer chains formed the random coils under heat and the drug molecules stuck on the surface of polymer coils, while drug molecules are dispersed molecularly but irregularly within the amorphous low molecular weight carriers.

41 citations

01 Jun 2012
TL;DR: HME is a relatively inexpensive, efficient and reproducible technology, a solvent free and drug-friendly process, and can be used in the formation of dosage forms with controlled drug release, e.g. pellets or films.
Abstract: Hot-melt extrusion (HME), originally coming from plastic industry, becomes at present an interesting technology also in the pharmaceutical field. The number of drugs with poor solubility and also bioavailability is increasing. In addition, most of the organic drugs are exhibiting polymorphism. Together with the utilization of appropriate carriers and other excipients, HME introduces an interesting possibility how to increase the solubility of poorly soluble drugs or protect unwanted polymorphic changes and how to improve bioavailability of problematic drugs. HME can also be used in the formation of dosage forms with controlled drug release, e.g. pellets or films. It is a relatively inexpensive, efficient and reproducible technology, a solvent free and drug-friendly process. This article is an overview of possible utilization of this modern technology in the pharmaceutical field.

41 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that SD and HME could impact reworkability by reducing deformation of materials and in case of HME, likely by increasing density due to heating and shear stress in a screw extruder.

41 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, different techniques of encapsulation of flavors and fragrances in polymer-based matrices by extrusion are reviewed and partly re-defined, emphasizing the differences between the various techniques reported so far and the role of matrix types, additives, and operative conditions.
Abstract: Encapsulation of flavor and aroma compounds has been largely explored in order to meet appraisal demands from consumers by improving the impact of flavor during the consumption of food products. Even though several techniques have been used for encapsulating volatile compounds, i.e., spray drying, fluidized bed coating, coacervation, and melt extrusion, those most frequently used in the food industry are spray drying and melt extrusion. In this article, the different techniques of encapsulation of flavors and fragrances in polymer-based matrices by extrusion are reviewed and partly re-defined, emphasizing the differences between the various techniques reported so far and the role of matrix types, additives, and operative conditions. Also, the role of water as a key parameter for controlled release and shelf stability of the delivery system will be discussed.

40 citations


Additional excerpts

  • ...4 [158- 242] [50-167] 2 nd nd (Yuliani et al....

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References
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Book
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: The authors provided the basic building blocks of polymer science and engineering by coverage of fundamental polymer chemistry and materials topics given in Chapters 1 through 7 and provided information on the exciting new materialsnow available and the emerging areas of technological growth that could motivate a new generation of scientists and engineers.
Abstract: From the Book: PREFACE: At least dozens of good introductory textbooks on polymer science and engineering are now available. Why then has yet another book been written? The decision was based on my belief that none of the available texts fully addresses the needs of students in chemical engineering. It is not that chemical engineers are a rare breed, but rather that they have special training in areas of thermodynamics and transport phenomena that is seldom challenged by texts designed primarily for students of chemistry or materials science. This has been a frustration of mine and of many of my students for the past 15 years during which I have taught an introductory course, Polymer Technology, to some 350 chemical engineering seniors. In response to this perceived need, I had written nine review articles that appeared in the SPE publication Plastics Engineering from 1982 to 1984. These served as hard copy for my students to supplement their classroom notes but fell short of a complete solution. In writing this text, it was my objective to first provide the basic building blocks of polymer science and engineering by coverage of fundamental polymer chemistry and materials topics given in Chapters 1 through 7. As a supplement to the traditional coverage of polymer thermodynamics, extensive discussion of phase equilibria, equation-of- state theories, and UNIFAC has been included in Chapter 3. Coverage of rheology, including the use of constitutive equations and the modeling of simple flow geometries, and the fundamentals of polymer processing operations are given in Chapter 11. Finally, I wanted to provide information on the exciting new materialsnowavailable and the emerging areas of technological growth that could motivate a new generation of scientists and engineers. For this reason, engineering and specialty polymers are surveyed in Chapter 10 and important new applications for polymers in separations (membrane separations), electronics (conducting polymers), biotechnology (controlled drug release), and other specialized areas of engineering are given in Chapter 12. In all, this has been an ambitious undertaking and I hope that I have succeeded in at least some of these goals. Although the intended audience for this text is advanced undergraduates and graduate students in chemical engineering, the coverage of polymer science fundamentals (Chapters 1 through 7) should be suitable for a semester course in a materials science or chemistry curriculum. Chapters 8 through 10 intended as survey chapters of the principal categories of polymers commodity thermoplastics and fibers, network polymers (elastomers and thermosets), and engineering and specialty polymers may be included to supplement and reinforce the material presented in the chapters on fundamentals and should serve as a useful reference source for the practicing scientist or engineer in the plastics industry.

981 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comparison of the carbonyl stretching region of γ indomethacin, known to form carboxylic acid dimers, with that of amorphous indometHacin indicated that the amorphously phase exists predominantly as dimers.
Abstract: Purpose. To study the molecular structure of indomethacin-PVP amorphous solid dispersions and identify any specific interactions between the components using vibrational spectroscopy.

904 citations

Book
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: In this article, the elastic properties of polymeric solids and their properties of rubber are discussed. But they focus on the structure of the molecule rather than the properties of the solids.
Abstract: Introduction. 1: Structure of the molecule. 2: Structure of polymeric solids. 3: The elastic properties of rubber. 4: Viscoelasticity. 5: Yield and fracture. 6: Reinforced polymers. 7: Forming. 8: Design. Further reading, Answers, Index

790 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Improved bioavailability was achieved again demonstrating the value of the technology as a drug delivery tool, with particular advantages over solvent processes like co-precipitation.

790 citations