Pharmacodynamic monitoring of cyclosporine a in renal allograft recipients shows a quantitative relationship between immunosuppression and the occurrence of recurrent infections and malignancies.
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Cites background from "Pharmacodynamic monitoring of cyclo..."
...Pharmacodynamic monitoring allows for individualized immunosuppressive therapy, and such monitoring has been able to associate very low T cell cytokine expression with the potential for infection and malignancy, and high residual T cell cytokine expression with inadequate immunosuppression and the potential for transplant rejection (Sommerer et al., 2008a, b; Sommerer et al., 2006)....
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Cites background from "Pharmacodynamic monitoring of cyclo..."
...Although CsA and FK506 are effective in treating transplant patients for graft acceptance, long-term side effects include frequent infections, kidney failure, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and lymphomas [6–8]....
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References
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"Pharmacodynamic monitoring of cyclo..." refers background in this paper
...With the introduction of calcineurin inhibitors, long-term allograft survival has significantly improved (1), primarily by reduction of acute rejection episodes....
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1,639 citations
"Pharmacodynamic monitoring of cyclo..." refers background in this paper
...Calcineurin is a key component of T-cell activation and serves as the target of the CsA cyclophilin complex (16)....
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"Pharmacodynamic monitoring of cyclo..." refers background in this paper
...However, rational means to balance both the benefits and side effects of CsA treatment are not sufficiently established yet (2, 3)....
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314 citations
"Pharmacodynamic monitoring of cyclo..." refers background in this paper
...(11) demonstrated that the immunosuppressive action for CsA, when measured as inhibition of calcineurin activity in lymphocytes, is inversely correlated with CsA blood levels....
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...In humans, peak CsA blood levels at one to two hours after oral CsA uptake resulted in a 70 to 96% inhibition of calcineurin, which was rapidly reversed when CsA blood levels came down to the trough levels (10, 11)....
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