Pharmacognostic standardization of Macrocybe crassa: An imminent medicinal mushroom
28 Jul 2015-Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology (Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology)-Vol. 8, Iss: 7, pp 860-866
TL;DR: The above parameters, which are being reported for the first time, are significant towards establishing the pharmacognostic standards for future identification and authentication of genuine mushroom material.
Abstract: The aim of present study was to establish standardization parameters for pharmacognostic evaluation of Macrocybe crassa, a wild edible mushroom of West Bengal. For this purpose, microscopic features of powder such as physical characters, spore measurement, type of hyphae were examined and recorded. Physico-chemical parameters like organoleptic features, loss on drying (10.53%), total ash (17.04%), swelling capacity (66.66 ml/g), water holding capacity (174.69 g/g), water solubility index (406.65%) and fluorescent behaviour against 16 reagents were also determined. Alcoholic extract was prepared using methanol as solvent where extractive value was 27.52%. Preliminary mycochemical analysis indicated the presence of cardiac glycoside, carbohydrate, flavonoid, phenol, saponin and terpenoids while absence of alkaloid and steroid in methanol extract. While quantitatively major bioactive components were present in the following order of flavonoid> phenol> ascorbic acid> s-carotene> lycopene. In addition, HPTLC and HPLC profiles were recorded to determine phenolic fingerprint. HPTLC characterization showed presence of at least 5 components as detected by scanning the plate at 300 nm. HPLC chromatogram of the extract indicated existence of minimum 14 peaks which might be of phenolic compounds. Along with, DPPH radical scavenging activity (EC50 value 2.455 mg/ml) and total antioxidant capacity (7.4 ± 1.24 µg AAE/mg of extract) were determined to evaluate antioxidant activity. The above parameters, which are being reported for the first time, are significant towards establishing the pharmacognostic standards for future identification and authentication of genuine mushroom material.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify major constituents of methanol extract isolated from the wild mushroom and examine spectrum of pharmacological activities, including strong radical scavenging activity (DPPH), chelating ability of ferrous ion, reducing power and total antioxidant capacity.
Abstract: Over the generations, Macrocybe lobayensis has become an integral part of tribal cuisines of India particularly for its aroma and taste. However, no investigation has been carried out so far on its secondary metabolites that may account for therapeutic potential. Therefore, aim of the present study was to identify major constituents of methanol extract isolated from the wild mushroom and examine spectrum of pharmacological activities. Chemical characterization by spectrophotometry and HPLC depicted that the fraction was mainly consisted of phenolic compounds (p-hydroxybenzoic acid< p-coumaric acid< cinnamic acid< salicylic acid< pyrogallol); while ascorbic acid and carotenoids were detected in lesser extent. In terms of screening medicinal prospects, the extract presented strong radical scavenging activity (DPPH. and ABTS.+), chelating ability of ferrous ion, reducing power and total antioxidant capacity. The methanol formulation also exhibited antibacterial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains, with MIC values ranging from 245.13-1585.81 µg/ml. Finally, Hep3B human liver carcinoma cells were challenged with the extract to assess cytotoxic effect and result showed concentration dependent decrease in cell viability (IC50 of 234.31 µg/ml). Overall, features described in this work provides the first attempt to establish medicinal prospects of phenolic compounds from M. lobayensis empowering its use in pharmaceutical industry.
17 citations
Cites background from "Pharmacognostic standardization of ..."
...Among them, phenolics are one of the major group of dietary components that have proved to be associated with antioxidant (Acharya et al., 2015a, Acharya et al., 2015b, Acharya et al., 2016, Acharya et al., 2017a, Acharya et al., 2017b), antimicrobial (Khatua et al., 2015) and anticancer abilities…...
[...]
...Based on the outcome, it can be said that M. lobayensis may possess stronger radical scavenging and total antioxidant potentiality than methanol extract isolated from M. crassa (Khatua and Acharya 2014), Pleurotus djamor (Acharya et al., 2017b) and Grifola frondosa (Acharya et al., 2015a)....
[...]
TL;DR: Extensive evidence indicates that ample intake of dietary antioxidants may be of great benefit in improving quality of life and neutralizing free radicals is important for cell protection and antioxidants play an essential role in this context.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide quality control standardization of Schizophyllum commune based on organoleptic, microscopic, physico-chemical, chromatographic, molecular features and partially screen its antioxidant activity.
Abstract: Schizophyllum commune Fr. is valued for its high nutritional composition and medicinal importance. However, quality standards of this species have not been reported till date. The aim of the present study was to provide quality control standardization of S. commune based on organoleptic, microscopic, physico-chemical, chromatographic, molecular features and to partially screen its antioxidant activity. Physico-chemical parameters such as percentage of loss on drying, total ash, swelling capacity, water holding capacity, water solubility index and methanol extractive value were documented. In addition, fluorescence analysis of the powder using 16 different chemical reagents were carried out which exhibit a remarkable variation of colour against treating agents. Quantification of the major bioactive compounds present in the extract showed the following order phenol > flavonoid > ascorbic acid > β-carotene > lycopene. The antioxidant potentials of the extract were determined using experiments of DPPH radical scavenging activity (EC50 value 1.07 mg/ml) and total antioxidant capacity (19 μg AAE/mg of extract). Phytochemical screening of the methanolic extract revealed high contents of phenolics which was confirmed by HPLC and HPTLC studies. Rf values and their corresponding peaks serve as a signature marker for identification of this mushroom. On the other hand, molecular studies including DNA extraction and sequencing of the Internal Transcribed Spacer region of the genomic DNA serve as a molecular standard. The above distinctive parameters would significantly serve towards establishing the pharmacognostic as well as molecular standards for identification, authentication and quality control of the genuine mushroom.
11 citations
Cites background from "Pharmacognostic standardization of ..."
...Pharmacognostic profile of some medicinally important mushrooms were documented in recent times (Giri et al. 2012b; Acharya et al. 2015a, b, c, d)....
[...]
TL;DR: Overall study implied that the immense bioactive potential of R. alatoreticula could possibly be utilized as a good source of natural supplement to combat against free radicals, pathogenic bacteria and hepatocellular carcinoma as well as in food safety industry.
Abstract: Since antiquity, numerous macrofungi are being worshiped as food and natural medicine especially in Asian tribal communities. Recent investigation has correlated these medicinal properties with bioactive components including phenols and flavonoids. However, research on mushrooms is not satisfactory; as several traditionally prized members remain undiscovered or poorly explored yet. This backdrop tempted us to unveil secondary metabolites empowered with therapeutics from an ethnic delicacy, Russula alatoreticula that was justified as a novel macrofungus in our previous publication. Accordingly, methanol extract was prepared from dried basidiocarps that was found to be enriched with phenolic compounds (pyrogallol > cinnamic acid > p-coumaric acid) and ascorbic acid. As a result, the fraction exhibited strong antioxidant activity evident by the ability of quenching free radicals, chelating Fe2+ ion and reducing components with EC50 of 263–2382 µg/ml. Besides, effective antibacterial potential against six investigated microbes was also noticed where MIC value ranged from 99 to 2673.74 µg/ml. Furthermore, the extract revealed promising anticancer property as it induced apoptosis of Hep3B cell (IC50 358.57 µg/ml) by imparting morphological changes, interfering cell cycle, depleting MMP and alleviating ROS through Bax, Bcl2, caspases 9 and 3 intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. Overall study implied that the immense bioactive potential of R. alatoreticula could possibly be utilized as a good source of natural supplement to combat against free radicals, pathogenic bacteria and hepatocellular carcinoma as well as in food safety industry.
8 citations
TL;DR: The aim of this study was to quantify the anti-oxidant activity of the methanolic extract of Macrocybe crassa and its anti-proliferative activity on normal and cancer cells.
6 citations