Phd by thesis
TL;DR: In this paper, a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) is presented.
Abstract: Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These
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TL;DR: In this article, a model system consisting of vanadia particles deposited on well-ordered CeO 2 thin films has been employed to characterize the VO x /CeO 2 surface.
77 citations
Cites background from "Phd by thesis"
...The latter probably dominates for alumina- [62] and silica-supported [38,67] vanadia nanoparticles, which show an IRAS band at 1040 cm (1)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the dark matter interpretation of the anomalies claimed by the DAMA and cogent experiments, in conjunction with the various null direct-detection experiments, is explored and several experimental and astrophysical uncertainties are considered.
Abstract: We explore the dark matter interpretation of the anomalies claimed by the DAMA and cogent experiments, in conjunction with the various null direct-detection experiments. An independent analysis of the cogent data is employed and several experimental and astrophysical uncertainties are considered. Various phenomenological models are studied, including isospin violating interactions, momentum-dependent form factors, velocity-dependent form factors, inelastic scatterings (endothermic and exothermic) and channeling. We find that the severe tension between the anomalies and the null results can be ameliorated but not eliminated, unless extreme assumptions are made.
77 citations
Cites methods from "Phd by thesis"
...We use the results from the unofficial analysis [52, 53] of 6 Si detectors corresponding to a raw exposure of 53....
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...We use the efficiency reported in [52, 53] which drop to zero below 7....
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01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: This thesis introduces Bayesian logic (BLOG), a first-order probabilistic modeling language that specifies probability distributions over possible worlds with varying sets of objects, and defines a general framework for inference on BLOG models using Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms.
Abstract: Humans and other intelligent agents must make inferences about the real-world objects that underlie their observations: for instance, the objects visible in an image, or the people mentioned in a set of text documents. The agent may not know in advance how many objects exist, how they are related to each other, or which observations correspond to which underlying objects. Existing declarative representations for probabilistic models do not capture the structure of such scenarios.
This thesis introduces Bayesian logic (BLOG), a first-order probabilistic modeling language that specifies probability distributions over possible worlds with varying sets of objects. A BLOG model contains statements that define conditional probability distributions for a certain set of random variables; the model also specifies certain context-specific independence properties. We provide criteria under which such a model is guaranteed to fully define a probability distribution. These criteria go beyond existing results in that they can be satisfied even when the Bayesian network defined by the model is cyclic, or contains nodes with infinitely many ancestors.
We describe several approximate inference algorithms that exploit the context-specific dependence structure revealed by a BLOG model. First, we present rejection sampling and likelihood weighting algorithms that are guaranteed to converge to the correct probability for any query on a structurally well-defined BLOG model. Because these algorithms instantiate only those variables that are context-specifically relevant, they can generate samples in finite time even when the model defines infinitely many variables. We then define a general framework for inference on BLOG models using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms. This framework allows a programmer to plug in a domain-specific proposal distribution, which helps the Markov chain move to high-probability worlds. Furthermore, the chain can operate on partial world descriptions that specify values only for context-specifically relevant variables. We give conditions under which MCMC over such partial world descriptions is guaranteed to converge to correct probabilities. We also show that this framework performs efficiently on a real-world task: reconstructing the set of distinct publications referred to by a set of bibliographic citations.
77 citations
Cites background from "Phd by thesis"
...PBMs and CBNs are defined in a paper presented at the 2005 AI/Stats Conference [Milch et al., 2005b]....
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...We provide criteria under which a CBN is guaranteed to fully define a probability distribution over outcomes; these criteria go beyond existing results for BNs in that they can be satisfied even if some nodes in the graph have infinitely many ancestors, and even if the graph contains cycles....
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...The second formalism, called contingent Bayesian networks (CBNs), provides a concrete way of expressing a PBM....
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...The representation formalism responsible for this success is graphical models [Pearl, 1988; Cowell et al., 1999], including Bayesian networks (BNs), which are based on directed graphs, and Markov networks, which are based on undirected graphs....
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...Previous treatments of infinite BNs [Jaeger, 1998; Pfeffer, 2000; Kersting and De Raedt, 2001a; Laskey, 2006] have been tied...
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03 Feb 2016
TL;DR: Inorganic perovskite-type oxides are fascinating nanomaterials for wide applications in catalysis, fuel cells, and electrochemical sensing as mentioned in this paper, and they exhibit attractive physical and chemical properties such as electronic conductivity, electrically active structure, oxide ions mobility through the crystal lattice, variations on the content of the oxygen, thermal and chemical stability, and supermagnetic, photocatalytic, thermoelectric, and dielectric properties.
Abstract: Inorganic perovskite-type oxides are fascinating nanomaterials for wide applications in catalysis, fuel cells, and electrochemical sensing. Perovskites prepared in the nanoscale have recently received extensive attention due to their catalytic nature when used as electrode modifiers. The catalytic activity of these oxides is higher than that of many transition metals compounds and even some precious metal oxides. They exhibit attractive physical and chemical characteristics such as electronic conductivity, electrically active structure, the oxide ions mobility through the crystal lattice, variations on the content of the oxygen, thermal and chemical stability, and supermagnetic, photocatalytic, thermoelectric, and dielectric properties.
77 citations
Cites background or methods from "Phd by thesis"
...Again grinding and sieving was carried out for the calcined samples [11, 13, 14]....
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...The synthesis of BaCeO3-based proton conductor perovskites [13] and BaCe0....
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TL;DR: It is shown that this mechanism could be studied using state-of-the-art magnetic fields in next generation plasma accelerator experiments.
Abstract: The use of an external transverse magnetic field to trigger and to control electron self-injection in laser- and particle-beam driven wakefield accelerators is examined analytically and through full-scale particle-in-cell simulations A magnetic field can relax the injection threshold and can be used to control main output beam features such as charge, energy, and transverse dynamics in the ion channel associated with the plasma blowout It is shown that this mechanism could be studied using state-of-the-art magnetic fields in next generation plasma accelerator experiments
77 citations
Cites result from "Phd by thesis"
...In this frame dH/dξ = (1− vz/vφ) (v · ∂A/∂s− ∂φ/∂s) [11, 18], where vz is the electron velocity parallel to the driver velocity....
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...Thus, defining the wake potential as ψ = φ − vφAz [18], and since vz = vφ for trapped electrons, 1 + ∆ψ = γ/γ(2) φ − ∆H at the instant of injection, where γφ = (1 − v(2) φ) is the relativistic factor of the bubble phase velocity, and ∆ψ = ψf − ψi (∆H = Hf − Hi) is the difference between the ψ (H) of the electron at its trapping and initial position....
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...This trapping condition is consistent with the conditions from other electron self-injection mechanisms [11, 12, 18, 20], and is also valid when external fields are present....
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References
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TL;DR: A new family of highly fluorescent indicators has been synthesized for biochemical studies of the physiological role of cytosolic free Ca2+ using an 8-coordinate tetracarboxylate chelating site with stilbene chromophores that offer up to 30-fold brighter fluorescence.
21,582 citations
"Phd by thesis" refers background in this paper
...members of this group were produced by Tsien and colleagues [1, 10, 11]....
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...The introduction of Ca 2+ -sensitive fluorescent dyes more than twenty years ago and their permanent improvement [10] enabled investigators to gain unprecedented insights into the mechanisms of cellular signalling....
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01 Nov 1990
TL;DR: This report will establish methods for performing a domain analysis and describe the products of the domain analysis process to illustrate the application of domain analysis to a representative class of software systems.
Abstract: : Successful Software reuse requires the systematic discovery and exploitation of commonality across related software systems. By examining related software systems and the underlying theory of the class of systems they represent, domain analysis can provide a generic description of the requirements of that class of systems and a set of approaches for their implementation. This report will establish methods for performing a domain analysis and describe the products of the domain analysis process. To illustrate the application of domain analysis to a representative class of software systems, this report will provide a domain analysis of window management system software.
4,420 citations
TL;DR: The straw person model (SPM) as mentioned in this paper has been proposed to explain the orientation effects of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and quasars in the line of sight (LOS) images.
Abstract: Because the critical central regions of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and quasars are strongly nonspherical but spatially unresolved, orientation effects have been the source of much confusion. In fact, it now appears that much of the variety in AGN types is just the result of varying orientation relative to the line of sight. We can define an extreme hypothesis,, the straw person model (SPM), in which there are two basic types of AGN: the radio quiets and the radio louds. For each type there is a range in intrinsic luminosity, and the luminosity controls some properties such as the Fanaroff and Riley classes. However, at a given intrinsic luminosity, all other properties such as spectroscopic classification and VLBI component speeds are ascribed to orientation. This model is only a caricature of the unification idea, and is already ruled out on many grounds, but it will be useful for organizing the discussion. I’ll describe what I consider to be convincing evidence that orientation effects are important and widespread. The true situation may be in some sense half way between the SPM and the hypothesis that orientation doesn’t affect classification at aIl. To us optimists, the orienration cup is half full rather than half empty. Although it is too soon to say for sure, the hypothesis that most objects’ classifications would be different if seen from other directions is a tenable one today.
4,005 citations
TL;DR: This Review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of microfibrillated cellulose from wood and its application in nanocomposites; the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose and its use as a reinforcing agent; and the biofabrication of bacterial nanocellulose, as well as its evaluation as a biomaterial for medical implants.
Abstract: Cellulose fibrils with widths in the nanometer range are nature-based materials with unique and potentially useful features. Most importantly, these novel nanocelluloses open up the strongly expanding fields of sustainable materials and nanocomposites, as well as medical and life-science devices, to the natural polymer cellulose. The nanodimensions of the structural elements result in a high surface area and hence the powerful interaction of these celluloses with surrounding species, such as water, organic and polymeric compounds, nanoparticles, and living cells. This Review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of microfibrillated cellulose from wood and its application in nanocomposites; the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose and its use as a reinforcing agent; and the biofabrication of bacterial nanocellulose, as well as its evaluation as a biomaterial for medical implants.
3,452 citations
TL;DR: The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is a protecting layer formed on the negative electrode of Li-ion batteries as a result of electrolyte decomposition, mainly during the first cycle as discussed by the authors.
2,386 citations