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Journal ArticleDOI

Phd by thesis

01 Apr 1988-Nature (Nature Publishing Group)-Vol. 332, Iss: 6166, pp 676-676
TL;DR: In this paper, a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) is presented.
Abstract: Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: At cryogenic temperatures, one approaches the standard quantum limit for broadband operation with reasonable choices for the cavity finesses and the intracavity light power.
Abstract: We present the concept of a sensitive and broadband resonant mass gravitational wave detector. A massive sphere is suspended inside a second hollow one. Short, high-finesse Fabry-Perot optical cavities read out the differential displacements of the two spheres as their quadrupole modes are excited. At cryogenic temperatures, one approaches the standard quantum limit for broadband operation with reasonable choices for the cavity finesses and the intracavity light power. A molybdenum detector, of overall size of 2 m, would reach spectral strain sensitivities of 2x10(-23) Hz(-1/2) between 1000 and 3000 Hz.

69 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the balance between yield strength and fatigue crack growth resistance of Al-Cu-Mg-Li alloys for damage tolerant applications and provide a framework for optimisation of composition and forming conditions for age forming of damage tolerant parts.
Abstract: Age forming of Al based alloys for damage tolerant applications requires an alloy with good age formability and good post-forming mechanical properties. To investigate optimisation of this balance, several newly designed Al–Cu–Mg–Li (Mn, Zr, Sc) alloys were subjected to artificial ageing representative of age forming. It was seen that combinations of yield strength and fatigue crack growth resistance could be achieved that are at least comparable to the incumbent damage tolerant material for such applications, whilst creep rates at the ageing temperatures applied were better than those achieved in commercially applied age forming processes of heat treatable Al based alloys. Coarse grain structure and high Li content are associated with good fatigue crack growth resistance but reduce age formability. The underlying physical aspects responsible for the balance between creep rates and resulting properties are discussed. The metallurgical and micromechanical mechanisms analysed and discussed provide a framework for optimisation of composition and forming conditions for age forming of damage tolerant parts.

69 citations


Cites methods from "Phd by thesis"

  • ...Three dimensional atom probe (3DAP) analysis on alloys 3, 4 and 6 was performed by Davin and coworkers [15,16] using an energy-compensated optical position sensitive atom probe....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the photo-and electro-production of strangeness off the proton, based upon effective hadronic Lagrangians, are extended to incorporate the so called off-shell effects inherent to the fermions with spin >= 3/2.
Abstract: Previous approaches to the photo- and electro-production of strangeness off the proton, based upon effective hadronic Lagrangians, are extended here to incorporate the so called off-shell effects inherent to the fermions with spin >= 3/2. A formalism for intermediate-state, spin 3/2, nucleonic and hyperonic resonances is presented and applied to the processes $\gamma + p ---> K^{+} + \Lambda$, for $E_{\gamma}^{lab}$ e' + K^+ + \Lambda$, as well as the branching ratio for the crossed channel reaction $K^- + p ---> \gamma + \Lambda$, with stopped kaons. The sensitivity, from moderate to significant, of various observables to such effects are discussed.

69 citations


Cites methods from "Phd by thesis"

  • ...A similar strategy has been applied also by the RPI group [7,8] to the photo- and electro-production of the η meson....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a general scenario for such deformations is discussed, and an infinite class of explicit examples is constructed on the Borchers-Uhlmann algebra underlying Wightman quantum field theory.
Abstract: Deformations of quantum field theories which preserve Poincare covariance and localization in wedges are a novel tool in the analysis and construction of model theories. Here a general scenario for such deformations is discussed, and an infinite class of explicit examples is constructed on the Borchers-Uhlmann algebra underlying Wightman quantum field theory. These deformations exist independently of the space-time dimension, and contain the recently studied warped convolution deformation as a special case. In the special case of two-dimensional Minkowski space, they can be used to deform free field theories to integrable models with non-trivial S-matrix.

69 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann-Hesse (VFTH) equation has been used for describing the temperature dependence with viscosity for strong, moderate and fragile glass-forming liquids.

69 citations


Cites background or methods from "Phd by thesis"

  • ...Data mining on these viscosity and thermal properties results can be found elsewhere [8]....

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  • ...The applicability of the VFTH equation for glasses in a wide temperature range has been recently tested and compared with other established models, such as Avramov–Milchev [5], Cukierman–Lane–Uhlmann [6] and Bendler–Shlesinger [7], and published elsewhere [8]....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new family of highly fluorescent indicators has been synthesized for biochemical studies of the physiological role of cytosolic free Ca2+ using an 8-coordinate tetracarboxylate chelating site with stilbene chromophores that offer up to 30-fold brighter fluorescence.

21,582 citations


"Phd by thesis" refers background in this paper

  • ...members of this group were produced by Tsien and colleagues [1, 10, 11]....

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  • ...The introduction of Ca 2+ -sensitive fluorescent dyes more than twenty years ago and their permanent improvement [10] enabled investigators to gain unprecedented insights into the mechanisms of cellular signalling....

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ReportDOI
01 Nov 1990
TL;DR: This report will establish methods for performing a domain analysis and describe the products of the domain analysis process to illustrate the application of domain analysis to a representative class of software systems.
Abstract: : Successful Software reuse requires the systematic discovery and exploitation of commonality across related software systems. By examining related software systems and the underlying theory of the class of systems they represent, domain analysis can provide a generic description of the requirements of that class of systems and a set of approaches for their implementation. This report will establish methods for performing a domain analysis and describe the products of the domain analysis process. To illustrate the application of domain analysis to a representative class of software systems, this report will provide a domain analysis of window management system software.

4,420 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The straw person model (SPM) as mentioned in this paper has been proposed to explain the orientation effects of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and quasars in the line of sight (LOS) images.
Abstract: Because the critical central regions of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and quasars are strongly nonspherical but spatially unresolved, orientation effects have been the source of much confusion. In fact, it now appears that much of the variety in AGN types is just the result of varying orientation relative to the line of sight. We can define an extreme hypothesis,, the straw person model (SPM), in which there are two basic types of AGN: the radio quiets and the radio louds. For each type there is a range in intrinsic luminosity, and the luminosity controls some properties such as the Fanaroff and Riley classes. However, at a given intrinsic luminosity, all other properties such as spectroscopic classification and VLBI component speeds are ascribed to orientation. This model is only a caricature of the unification idea, and is already ruled out on many grounds, but it will be useful for organizing the discussion. I’ll describe what I consider to be convincing evidence that orientation effects are important and widespread. The true situation may be in some sense half way between the SPM and the hypothesis that orientation doesn’t affect classification at aIl. To us optimists, the orienration cup is half full rather than half empty. Although it is too soon to say for sure, the hypothesis that most objects’ classifications would be different if seen from other directions is a tenable one today.

4,005 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This Review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of microfibrillated cellulose from wood and its application in nanocomposites; the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose and its use as a reinforcing agent; and the biofabrication of bacterial nanocellulose, as well as its evaluation as a biomaterial for medical implants.
Abstract: Cellulose fibrils with widths in the nanometer range are nature-based materials with unique and potentially useful features. Most importantly, these novel nanocelluloses open up the strongly expanding fields of sustainable materials and nanocomposites, as well as medical and life-science devices, to the natural polymer cellulose. The nanodimensions of the structural elements result in a high surface area and hence the powerful interaction of these celluloses with surrounding species, such as water, organic and polymeric compounds, nanoparticles, and living cells. This Review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of microfibrillated cellulose from wood and its application in nanocomposites; the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose and its use as a reinforcing agent; and the biofabrication of bacterial nanocellulose, as well as its evaluation as a biomaterial for medical implants.

3,452 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is a protecting layer formed on the negative electrode of Li-ion batteries as a result of electrolyte decomposition, mainly during the first cycle as discussed by the authors.

2,386 citations