scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Journal ArticleDOI

Phd by thesis

01 Apr 1988-Nature (Nature Publishing Group)-Vol. 332, Iss: 6166, pp 676-676
TL;DR: In this paper, a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) is presented.
Abstract: Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Content maybe subject to copyright    Report

Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a new version (incl4.6) of the Li-ge intranuclear cascade (INC) model for the description of spallation reactions is presented in detail.
Abstract: The new version (incl4.6) of the Li\`ege intranuclear cascade (INC) model for the description of spallation reactions is presented in detail. Compared to the standard version (incl4.2), it incorporates several new features, the most important of which are: (i) the inclusion of cluster production through a dynamical phase space coalescence model, (ii) the Coulomb deflection for entering and outgoing charged particles, (iii) the improvement of the treatment of Pauli blocking and of soft collisions, (iv) the introduction of experimental threshold values for the emission of particles, (v) the improvement of pion dynamics, (vi) a detailed procedure for the treatment of light-cluster-induced reactions taking care of the effects of binding energy of the nucleons inside the incident cluster and of the possible fusion reaction at low energy. Performances of the new model concerning nucleon-induced reactions are illustrated by a comparison with experimental data covering total reaction cross sections, neutron, proton, pion, and composite double-differential cross-sections, neutron multiplicities, residue mass and charge distributions, and residue recoil velocity distributions. Whenever necessary, the incl4.6 model is coupled to the ABLA07 de-excitation model and the respective merits of the two models are then tentatively disentangled. Good agreement is generally obtained in the 200 MeV to 2 GeV range. Below 200 MeV and down to a few tens of MeV, the total reaction cross section is well reproduced and differential cross sections are reasonably well described. The model is also tested for light-ion induced reactions at low energy, below 100 MeV incident energy per nucleon. Beyond presenting the update of the incl4.2 model, attention has been paid to applications of the new model to three topics for which some particular aspects are discussed for the first time. The first topic is the production of clusters heavier than alpha particle. It is shown that the energy spectra of these produced clusters are consistent with coalescence. The second topic regards the longitudinal residue recoil velocity and its fluctuations. Excellent results are obtained for these quantities. It addition, it is shown that the distributions of these quantities display typical random-walk characteristics, at least for not-too-large mass losses. They are interpreted as a direct consequence of the independence of successive binary collisions occurring during the cascade process. The last topic concerns the total reaction cross section and the residue-production cross sections for low-energy incident light ions. It is shown that our new model can give a rather satisfactory account of these cross sections, offering so an alternative to fusion models and the advantage of a single model for the progressive change from fusion to pre-equilibrium mechanisms.

351 citations


Cites background from "Phd by thesis"

  • ...[11, 35], good results were obtained for deuteron-induced collisions around 1 GeV and departures from the simple additivity of a proton and a neutron cascades were illustrated....

    [...]

  • ...[26, 35] that a good compromise is achieved when a strict Pauli blocking is adopted for the first collision and when the usual procedure is kept for the subsequent ones....

    [...]

Book
01 Jan 2008
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a method for the analysis of Vanadium-Carbon Bond and Vanadate-dependent Haloperoxidases in biological systems, using 51V NMR Spectroscopy and optical spectroscopy.
Abstract: Preface. 1. Introduction and Background. 1.1. History. 1.2. Occurrence, Distribution and Impact. 2. Inorganic and Coordination Compounds of Vanadium. 2.1. Inorganic Aspects of the Function of Vanadium in Biological Systems. 2.2. Interaction of Aqueous Vanadate and Vanadyl with Biogenic Ligands. 2.3. Vanadium Coordination Compounds. 2.4. The Vanadium-Carbon Bond. 3. Physico-chemical Methods for the Characterisation of Native and Model Vanadium Compounds. 3.1. 51V NMR Spectroscopy. 3.2. NMR of Other Nuclei. 3.3. EPR Spectroscopy. 3.4. ESEEM and ENDOR Spectroscopies. 3.5. Optical Spectroscopies. 3.6. X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. 4. Naturally Occurring Vanadium Compounds. 4.1 Vanadium in Ascidians and Polychaeta Worms. 4.2. Amavadin. 4.3. Vanadate-dependent Haloperoxidases. 4.4. Vanadium and the Nitrogen Cycle. 4.5. Vanadate as Energiser for Bacteria, and Vanadophores. 5. Inferences of Vanadium Compounds on Cellular Functions. 5.1. Medicinal Aspects of Vanadium. 5.2. Interaction of Vanadium with Proteins and Protein Substrates. 6. Epilogue. References. Index.

351 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a didactical review of optical properties of ZnO has been presented, focusing mainly on optical properties but presenting shortly also a few aspects of other fields like transport or magnetic properties.
Abstract: The research on ZnO has a long history but experiences an extremely vivid revival during the last 10 years. We critically discuss in this didactical review old and new results concentrating on optical properties but presenting shortly also a few aspects of other fields like transport or magnetic properties. We start generally with the properties of bulk samples, proceed then to epitaxial layers and nanorods, which have in many respects properties identical to bulk samples and end in several cases with data on quantum wells or nano crystallites. Since it is a didactical review, we present explicitly misconceptions found frequently in submitted or published papers, with the aim to help young scientists entering this field to improve the quality of their submitted manuscripts. We finish with an appendix on quasi two- and one-dimensional exciton cavity polaritons.

348 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Mark Batty1, Scott Owens1, Susmit Sarkar1, Peter Sewell1, Tjark Weber1 
26 Jan 2011
TL;DR: This work establishes a mathematical (yet readable) semantics for C++ concurrency, which will aid discussion of any further changes, provide a correctness condition for compilers, and give a much-needed basis for analysis and verification of concurrent C and C++ programs.
Abstract: Shared-memory concurrency in C and C++ is pervasive in systems programming, but has long been poorly defined. This motivated an ongoing shared effort by the standards committees to specify concurrent behaviour in the next versions of both languages. They aim to provide strong guarantees for race-free programs, together with new (but subtle) relaxed-memory atomic primitives for high-performance concurrent code. However, the current draft standards, while the result of careful deliberation, are not yet clear and rigorous definitions, and harbour substantial problems in their details.In this paper we establish a mathematical (yet readable) semantics for C++ concurrency. We aim to capture the intent of the current (`Final Committee') Draft as closely as possible, but discuss changes that fix many of its problems. We prove that a proposed x86 implementation of the concurrency primitives is correct with respect to the x86-TSO model, and describe our Cppmem tool for exploring the semantics of examples, using code generated from our Isabelle/HOL definitions.Having already motivated changes to the draft standard, this work will aid discussion of any further changes, provide a correctness condition for compilers, and give a much-needed basis for analysis and verification of concurrent C and C++ programs.

347 citations


Cites methods from "Phd by thesis"

  • ...We therefore use Isabelle/HOL code generation [Haf09] to build the checker directly from our Isabelle/HOL axiomatisation, to keep the checker and our model in exact correspondence and reduce the possibility for error....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the K-series x rays of kaonic hydrogen atoms at the DANE electron-positron collider of Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, and have de-termined the most precise values of the strong-interaction energy-level shift and width of the 1s atomic state.

344 citations


Cites methods from "Phd by thesis"

  • ...Using the results obtained by DEAR, theoretical studies have been performed with possible higher order contributions using several models [14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24]....

    [...]

References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new family of highly fluorescent indicators has been synthesized for biochemical studies of the physiological role of cytosolic free Ca2+ using an 8-coordinate tetracarboxylate chelating site with stilbene chromophores that offer up to 30-fold brighter fluorescence.

21,582 citations


"Phd by thesis" refers background in this paper

  • ...members of this group were produced by Tsien and colleagues [1, 10, 11]....

    [...]

  • ...The introduction of Ca 2+ -sensitive fluorescent dyes more than twenty years ago and their permanent improvement [10] enabled investigators to gain unprecedented insights into the mechanisms of cellular signalling....

    [...]

ReportDOI
01 Nov 1990
TL;DR: This report will establish methods for performing a domain analysis and describe the products of the domain analysis process to illustrate the application of domain analysis to a representative class of software systems.
Abstract: : Successful Software reuse requires the systematic discovery and exploitation of commonality across related software systems. By examining related software systems and the underlying theory of the class of systems they represent, domain analysis can provide a generic description of the requirements of that class of systems and a set of approaches for their implementation. This report will establish methods for performing a domain analysis and describe the products of the domain analysis process. To illustrate the application of domain analysis to a representative class of software systems, this report will provide a domain analysis of window management system software.

4,420 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The straw person model (SPM) as mentioned in this paper has been proposed to explain the orientation effects of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and quasars in the line of sight (LOS) images.
Abstract: Because the critical central regions of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and quasars are strongly nonspherical but spatially unresolved, orientation effects have been the source of much confusion. In fact, it now appears that much of the variety in AGN types is just the result of varying orientation relative to the line of sight. We can define an extreme hypothesis,, the straw person model (SPM), in which there are two basic types of AGN: the radio quiets and the radio louds. For each type there is a range in intrinsic luminosity, and the luminosity controls some properties such as the Fanaroff and Riley classes. However, at a given intrinsic luminosity, all other properties such as spectroscopic classification and VLBI component speeds are ascribed to orientation. This model is only a caricature of the unification idea, and is already ruled out on many grounds, but it will be useful for organizing the discussion. I’ll describe what I consider to be convincing evidence that orientation effects are important and widespread. The true situation may be in some sense half way between the SPM and the hypothesis that orientation doesn’t affect classification at aIl. To us optimists, the orienration cup is half full rather than half empty. Although it is too soon to say for sure, the hypothesis that most objects’ classifications would be different if seen from other directions is a tenable one today.

4,005 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This Review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of microfibrillated cellulose from wood and its application in nanocomposites; the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose and its use as a reinforcing agent; and the biofabrication of bacterial nanocellulose, as well as its evaluation as a biomaterial for medical implants.
Abstract: Cellulose fibrils with widths in the nanometer range are nature-based materials with unique and potentially useful features. Most importantly, these novel nanocelluloses open up the strongly expanding fields of sustainable materials and nanocomposites, as well as medical and life-science devices, to the natural polymer cellulose. The nanodimensions of the structural elements result in a high surface area and hence the powerful interaction of these celluloses with surrounding species, such as water, organic and polymeric compounds, nanoparticles, and living cells. This Review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of microfibrillated cellulose from wood and its application in nanocomposites; the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose and its use as a reinforcing agent; and the biofabrication of bacterial nanocellulose, as well as its evaluation as a biomaterial for medical implants.

3,452 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is a protecting layer formed on the negative electrode of Li-ion batteries as a result of electrolyte decomposition, mainly during the first cycle as discussed by the authors.

2,386 citations