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Journal ArticleDOI

Phd by thesis

01 Apr 1988-Nature (Nature Publishing Group)-Vol. 332, Iss: 6166, pp 676-676
TL;DR: In this paper, a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) is presented.
Abstract: Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A robust and efficient numerical method for solution of the nonlinear Poisson‐Boltzmann equation arising in molecular biophysics that will converge in the case of molecules for which many of the existing methods will not.
Abstract: We present a robust and efficient numerical method for solution of the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation arising in molecular biophysics. The equation is discretized with the box method, and solution of the discrete equations is accomplished with a global inexact-Newton method, combined with linear multilevel techniques we have described in an article appearing previously in this journal. A detailed analysis of the resulting method is presented, with comparisons to other methods that have been proposed in the literature, including the classical nonlinear multigrid method, the nonlinear conjugate gradient method, and nonlinear relaxation methods such as successive overrelaxation. Both theoretical and numerical evidence suggests that this method will converge in the case of molecules for which many of the existing methods will not. In addition, for problems which the other methods are able to solve, numerical experiments show that the new method is substantially more efficient, and the superiority of this method grows with the problem size. The method is easy to implement once a linear multilevel solver is available and can also easily be used in conjunction with linear methods other than multigrid. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

247 citations


Cites background or methods from "Phd by thesis"

  • ...The infinite domain of equation (1) is often truncated to a finite domain Ω ⊂ R(3) with boundary Γ, and boundary conditions on Γ are provided by a known analytical solution; detailed discussions appear in Tanford [4] and in references [5, 6]....

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  • ...references [5, 6]) that the spectral radius of a linear method defined by a SPD B, provided with an optimal relaxation parameter, is given by:...

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  • ...It is not difficult to show [5, 6] that the matrix A in (3) arising from box method discretization on a nonuniform Cartesian mesh is symmetric positive definite (SPD)....

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  • ...In recent papers [5, 6, 14], we also considered several more advanced preconditioners than considered in by Davis and McCammon [18], including methods developed by van der Vorst and others [19], which employ special orderings to improve vectorization during the back substitutions....

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  • ...In several recent papers [5, 6, 14], we considered an SOR method provided with the optimal relaxation parameter, implemented with a red/black ordering and array oriented data structures, yielding maximal vector lengths and very high performance on both the Convex C240 and the Cray Y-MP....

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Proceedings ArticleDOI
03 Jan 1991
TL;DR: The problem classification, an overview of the proof that finding interprocedural aliases in the presence of single level pointers is in 7, and a represent proof for the NP-hard problems are presented.
Abstract: A?iasing occurs at some program point during execution when two or more names exist for the same location. We have isolated various programming language mechanisms which create aliases. We have classified the complexity of the fllas problem induced by each mechanism alone and in combination, as AfP-hard, complement tip-hard, or polynomial (’P). We present our problem classification, give an overview of our proof that finding interprocedural aliases in the presence of single level pointers is in 7, and present a represent tive proof for the NP-hard problems.

245 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The chiral stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography shows good chiral recognition ability and high precision quantization of surface plasmon resonance levels.
Abstract: Keywords: thiols ; cluster compounds ; luminescence ; quantum dots ; surface plasmon resonance Reference EPFL-ARTICLE-166610doi:10.1002/anie.200900298 Record created on 2011-06-06, modified on 2017-05-10

245 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview of various natural and synthetic hydrogels for potential application as injectable Hydrogels in cardiac tissue repair and regeneration is presented to help guide the future research on injectable hydrogel for translational therapeutic applications in regeneration of cardiac tissue after MI.
Abstract: Cardiac tissue damage due to myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The available treatments of MI include pharmaceutical therapy, medical device implants, and organ transplants, all of which have severe limitations including high invasiveness, scarcity of donor organs, thrombosis or stenosis of devices, immune rejection, and prolonged hospitalization time. Injectable hydrogels have emerged as a promising solution for in situ cardiac tissue repair in infarcted hearts after MI. In this review, an overview of various natural and synthetic hydrogels for potential application as injectable hydrogels in cardiac tissue repair and regeneration is presented. The review starts with brief discussions about the pathology of MI, its current clinical treatments and their limitations, and the emergence of injectable hydrogels as a potential solution for post MI cardiac regeneration. It then summarizes various hydrogels, their compositions, structures and properties for potential application in post MI cardiac repair, and recent advancements in the application of injectable hydrogels in treatment of MI. Finally, the current challenges associated with the clinical application of injectable hydrogels to MI and their potential solutions are discussed to help guide the future research on injectable hydrogels for translational therapeutic applications in regeneration of cardiac tissue after MI.

244 citations

Book
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: In this article, the authors study various topics in differential homological algebra, with motivation from algebraic topology, algebraic geometry, and string theory, and their primary focus is the development of the concomitant theory of modules up to homotopy and the study of both classical derived categories of modules over DGA's and derived categories over E∞ algebras.
Abstract: With motivation from algebraic topology, algebraic geometry, and string theory, we study various topics in differential homological algebra. The work is divided into five largely independent parts: I Definitions and examples of operads and their actions II Partial algebraic structures and conversion theorems III Derived categories from a topological point of view IV Rational derived categories and mixed Tate motives V Derived categories of modules over E∞ algebras In differential algebra, operads are systems of parameter chain complexes for multiplication on various types of differential graded algebras “up to homotopy”, for example commutative algebras, n-Lie algebras, n-braid algebras, etc. Our primary focus is the development of the concomitant theory of modules up to homotopy and the study of both classical derived categories of modules over DGA’s and derived categories of modules up to homotopy over DGA’s up to homotopy. Examples of such derived categories provide the appropriate setting for one approach to mixed Tate motives in algebraic geometry, both rational and integral.

243 citations


Cites background from "Phd by thesis"

  • ...Actually, the results just summarized are the easy characteristic zero case of Cohen’s much deeper calculations in arbitrary characteristic [15, 16], now over twenty years old....

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  • ...It was observed by Getzler and Jones [28] that the general case was already implicit in Cohen’s thesis [15]....

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  • ...We show that H∗(Cn) contains a suboperad which, when translated to degree zero, is isomorphic to the operad that defines Lie algebras, and we observe that work in Cohen’s 1972 thesis [15, 16] implies that the full operad H∗(Cn) defines n-braid algebras....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new family of highly fluorescent indicators has been synthesized for biochemical studies of the physiological role of cytosolic free Ca2+ using an 8-coordinate tetracarboxylate chelating site with stilbene chromophores that offer up to 30-fold brighter fluorescence.

21,582 citations


"Phd by thesis" refers background in this paper

  • ...members of this group were produced by Tsien and colleagues [1, 10, 11]....

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  • ...The introduction of Ca 2+ -sensitive fluorescent dyes more than twenty years ago and their permanent improvement [10] enabled investigators to gain unprecedented insights into the mechanisms of cellular signalling....

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ReportDOI
01 Nov 1990
TL;DR: This report will establish methods for performing a domain analysis and describe the products of the domain analysis process to illustrate the application of domain analysis to a representative class of software systems.
Abstract: : Successful Software reuse requires the systematic discovery and exploitation of commonality across related software systems. By examining related software systems and the underlying theory of the class of systems they represent, domain analysis can provide a generic description of the requirements of that class of systems and a set of approaches for their implementation. This report will establish methods for performing a domain analysis and describe the products of the domain analysis process. To illustrate the application of domain analysis to a representative class of software systems, this report will provide a domain analysis of window management system software.

4,420 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The straw person model (SPM) as mentioned in this paper has been proposed to explain the orientation effects of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and quasars in the line of sight (LOS) images.
Abstract: Because the critical central regions of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and quasars are strongly nonspherical but spatially unresolved, orientation effects have been the source of much confusion. In fact, it now appears that much of the variety in AGN types is just the result of varying orientation relative to the line of sight. We can define an extreme hypothesis,, the straw person model (SPM), in which there are two basic types of AGN: the radio quiets and the radio louds. For each type there is a range in intrinsic luminosity, and the luminosity controls some properties such as the Fanaroff and Riley classes. However, at a given intrinsic luminosity, all other properties such as spectroscopic classification and VLBI component speeds are ascribed to orientation. This model is only a caricature of the unification idea, and is already ruled out on many grounds, but it will be useful for organizing the discussion. I’ll describe what I consider to be convincing evidence that orientation effects are important and widespread. The true situation may be in some sense half way between the SPM and the hypothesis that orientation doesn’t affect classification at aIl. To us optimists, the orienration cup is half full rather than half empty. Although it is too soon to say for sure, the hypothesis that most objects’ classifications would be different if seen from other directions is a tenable one today.

4,005 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This Review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of microfibrillated cellulose from wood and its application in nanocomposites; the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose and its use as a reinforcing agent; and the biofabrication of bacterial nanocellulose, as well as its evaluation as a biomaterial for medical implants.
Abstract: Cellulose fibrils with widths in the nanometer range are nature-based materials with unique and potentially useful features. Most importantly, these novel nanocelluloses open up the strongly expanding fields of sustainable materials and nanocomposites, as well as medical and life-science devices, to the natural polymer cellulose. The nanodimensions of the structural elements result in a high surface area and hence the powerful interaction of these celluloses with surrounding species, such as water, organic and polymeric compounds, nanoparticles, and living cells. This Review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of microfibrillated cellulose from wood and its application in nanocomposites; the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose and its use as a reinforcing agent; and the biofabrication of bacterial nanocellulose, as well as its evaluation as a biomaterial for medical implants.

3,452 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is a protecting layer formed on the negative electrode of Li-ion batteries as a result of electrolyte decomposition, mainly during the first cycle as discussed by the authors.

2,386 citations