Phd by thesis
TL;DR: In this paper, a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) is presented.
Abstract: Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These
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TL;DR: This article proposes using typing rules to describe the bytecode verifier because they are more precise than prose, clearer than code, and easier to reason about than either.
Abstract: Java is typically compiled into an intermediate language, JVML, that is interpreted by the Java Virtual Machine. Because mobile JVML code is not always trusted, a bytecode verifier enforces static constraints that prevent various dynamic errors. Given the importance of the bytecode verifier for security, its current descriptions are inadequate. This article proposes using typing rules to describe the bytecode verifier because they are more precise than prose, clearer than code, and easier to reason about than either. JVML has a subroutine construct which is used for the compilation of Java's try-finally statement. Subroutines are a major source of complexity for the bytecode verifier because they are not obviously last-in/first-out and because they require a kind of polymorphism. Focusing on subroutines, we isolate an interesting, small subset of JVML. We give typing rules for this subset and prove their correctness. Our type system constitutes a sound basis for bytecode verification and a rational reconstruction of a delicate part of Sun's bytecode verifier.
178 citations
TL;DR: The results on the condensation of 1,4phthalazinediones with heteroarylacetonitriles in POCl3 prompted us to carry out the reaction with diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPPs), and the 4(N-methyl-N-octyl amino) derivative 1e has a much better solubility than all the other DPPs used.
Abstract: Our research activities over the last few decades have concerned correlations between molecular structure and fluorescence. 2] A central theme of the research has been the synthesis and spectroscopic investigations of near-infrared (NIR) dyes to get insights into what degree the obtainable fluorescence quantum yields are restricted by the S0$S1 energy gap. Our results on the condensation of 1,4phthalazinediones with heteroarylacetonitriles in POCl3 prompted us to carry out the reaction with diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPPs) 1. Herein we report the results of the investigations. To date, attempts to activate the carbonyl group of DPPs with POCl3, and to subsequently convert the intermediates with nucleophiles, only led to monosubstitution or to ring opening. 10] The reaction of 1 and 2 in refluxing toluene with an excess of POCl3 according to Scheme 1 afforded disubstituted NIR dyes 3. The progress of the reaction was controlled by recording absorption spectra and stopping the heating as soon as the DPP was used up and/or products absorbing at short wavelengths appeared. Purification was carried out by digesting the product in acetone and subsequent flash chromatography (silica gel/CHCl3 or CH2Cl2). The NIR dyes 3a–3h (the structures and spectroscopic data of 3b–3h can be found in the Supporting Information) were synthesized according to this procedure (Scheme 1) from the reaction of 1 and 2. The course of the reactions was the same in all cases and side-products with strong absorptions below 350 nm were observed. These side-products are most likely compounds formed by the opening of the DPPs pentalene ring system. Prerequisite for the reactions is a certain solubility of the DPPs. This is a feature of all of the DPPs used here with the exception of the 4-methoxy derivative 1b. Remarkably, the 4(N-methyl-N-octyl amino) derivative 1e has a much better solubility than all the other DPPs used. Only in the case of the reaction of 1e with 2a were we able to isolate the 1:1 condensation product (13% yield). The heteroarylacetonitriles 2a and 2b substituted with a tert-butyl group were used to improve the solubility of the condensation products 3. In general, satisfying yields were obtained only if the solubility of both condensation partners was improved by having longer alkyl groups (Table 1). From these observations we draw the following conclusion concerning the reaction pathway: DPP reacts with POCl3 to form a monophosphorylated intermediate, which reacts with the Scheme 1. Reagents and conditions: a) absolute toluene/POCl3, reflux; b) 1,2-dichlorobenzene/BF3·Et2O, reflux, diisopropylethylamine; c) xylene/chlorodiphenylborane, reflux; DPPs 1: R=4-octyloxy (1a), R=4-methoxy (1b), R=4-butyloxy (1c), R=4-(hex-5-enyloxy) (1d), R=4-(N-methyl-N-octylamino) (1e); heteroarylacetonitriles 2 : 2-(6tert-butylquinolin-2-yl)acetonitrile (2a), 2-(6-tert-butylbenzothiazol-2yl)acetonitrile (2b), 2-(quinoxalin-2-yl)acetonitrile (2c), 2-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)acetonitrile (2d). A: aromatic ring.
177 citations
Cites background or methods from "Phd by thesis"
...The fluorescence quantum yields were determined on diluted solutions (c< 2A 10 (6)m) with a home-made spectrometer.([7]) A HeNe laser or a 804-nm diode laser were used as the excitation sources, and a germanium diode (NORTHCOAST) used as the detector....
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...2] A central theme of the research has been the synthesis and spectroscopic investigations of near-infrared (NIR) dyes([3]) to get insights into what degree the obtainable fluorescence quantum yields([4,5]) are restricted by the S0$S1 energy gap.([6,7]) Our results([8]) on the condensation of 1,4phthalazinediones with heteroarylacetonitriles in POCl3 prompted us to carry out the reaction with diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPPs) 1....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the full evaluation of a cold-atom gyroscope based on atom interferometry and demonstrated that the acceleration noise can be efficiently removed from the rotation signal, allowing them to reach the fundamental limit of the quantum projection noise for short term measurements.
Abstract: We present the full evaluation of a cold-atom gyroscope based on atom interferometry. We have performed extensive studies to determine the systematic errors, scale factor and sensitivity. We demonstrate that the acceleration noise can be efficiently removed from the rotation signal, allowing us to reach the fundamental limit of the quantum projection noise for short term measurements. The technical limits to the long term sensitivity and accuracy have been identified, clearing the way for the next generation of ultrasensitive atom gyroscopes.
176 citations
Cites methods from "Phd by thesis"
...A first estimation of this effect was performed by measuring the wave-front distortion induced by a single Raman window with a Zygo wave-front analyzer [29]....
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TL;DR: In this article, a new concept to circumvent some of the problems that are hindering a rational metallic catalyst development is introduced, which employs well-defined, ordered and in-situ stable unsupported intermetallic compounds.
175 citations
Cites methods from "Phd by thesis"
...The following crystal structure model was used([22]): space group P213 (no....
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TL;DR: In this article, the optimal techniques to detect a low frequency stochastic background of gravitational waves using a pulsar timing array were presented. But, neglecting the effect of the metric perturbation at the pulsar does not result in a significant deviation from optimality.
Abstract: A low frequency stochastic background of gravitational waves may be detected by pulsar timing experiments in the next 5 to 10 yr. Using methods developed to analyze interferometric gravitational wave data, in this paper we lay out the optimal techniques to detect a background of gravitational waves using a pulsar timing array. We show that for pulsar distances and gravitational wave frequencies typical of pulsar timing experiments, neglecting the effect of the metric perturbation at the pulsar does not result in a significant deviation from optimality. We discuss methods for setting upper limits using the optimal statistic, show how to construct skymaps using the pulsar timing array, and consider several issues associated with realistic analysis of pulsar timing data.
175 citations
Cites background from "Phd by thesis"
...The methods used by Lommen were based on those developed by Kaspi and collaborators [34] and have been the subject of some criticism in the literature [8, 30]....
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...Recently Lommen [33] produced an upper limit on the ar X iv :0 80 9....
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...Lommen, Romano and Woan [46] will extend our work using a likelihood based approach developed in [47], and consider the case of stochastic backgrounds that are loud compared to the noise, closely examine time-domain implementations of the optimal statistic, and provide a detailed comparison of the optimal statistic described here with the methods of Jenet and collaborators [7, 8]....
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...Recently Lommen [33] produced an upper limit on the ar X iv :0 80 9....
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...[33] A. N. Lommen, PhD Thesis, UC Berkeley, 2001....
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References
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TL;DR: A new family of highly fluorescent indicators has been synthesized for biochemical studies of the physiological role of cytosolic free Ca2+ using an 8-coordinate tetracarboxylate chelating site with stilbene chromophores that offer up to 30-fold brighter fluorescence.
21,582 citations
"Phd by thesis" refers background in this paper
...members of this group were produced by Tsien and colleagues [1, 10, 11]....
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...The introduction of Ca 2+ -sensitive fluorescent dyes more than twenty years ago and their permanent improvement [10] enabled investigators to gain unprecedented insights into the mechanisms of cellular signalling....
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01 Nov 1990
TL;DR: This report will establish methods for performing a domain analysis and describe the products of the domain analysis process to illustrate the application of domain analysis to a representative class of software systems.
Abstract: : Successful Software reuse requires the systematic discovery and exploitation of commonality across related software systems. By examining related software systems and the underlying theory of the class of systems they represent, domain analysis can provide a generic description of the requirements of that class of systems and a set of approaches for their implementation. This report will establish methods for performing a domain analysis and describe the products of the domain analysis process. To illustrate the application of domain analysis to a representative class of software systems, this report will provide a domain analysis of window management system software.
4,420 citations
TL;DR: The straw person model (SPM) as mentioned in this paper has been proposed to explain the orientation effects of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and quasars in the line of sight (LOS) images.
Abstract: Because the critical central regions of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and quasars are strongly nonspherical but spatially unresolved, orientation effects have been the source of much confusion. In fact, it now appears that much of the variety in AGN types is just the result of varying orientation relative to the line of sight. We can define an extreme hypothesis,, the straw person model (SPM), in which there are two basic types of AGN: the radio quiets and the radio louds. For each type there is a range in intrinsic luminosity, and the luminosity controls some properties such as the Fanaroff and Riley classes. However, at a given intrinsic luminosity, all other properties such as spectroscopic classification and VLBI component speeds are ascribed to orientation. This model is only a caricature of the unification idea, and is already ruled out on many grounds, but it will be useful for organizing the discussion. I’ll describe what I consider to be convincing evidence that orientation effects are important and widespread. The true situation may be in some sense half way between the SPM and the hypothesis that orientation doesn’t affect classification at aIl. To us optimists, the orienration cup is half full rather than half empty. Although it is too soon to say for sure, the hypothesis that most objects’ classifications would be different if seen from other directions is a tenable one today.
4,005 citations
TL;DR: This Review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of microfibrillated cellulose from wood and its application in nanocomposites; the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose and its use as a reinforcing agent; and the biofabrication of bacterial nanocellulose, as well as its evaluation as a biomaterial for medical implants.
Abstract: Cellulose fibrils with widths in the nanometer range are nature-based materials with unique and potentially useful features. Most importantly, these novel nanocelluloses open up the strongly expanding fields of sustainable materials and nanocomposites, as well as medical and life-science devices, to the natural polymer cellulose. The nanodimensions of the structural elements result in a high surface area and hence the powerful interaction of these celluloses with surrounding species, such as water, organic and polymeric compounds, nanoparticles, and living cells. This Review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of microfibrillated cellulose from wood and its application in nanocomposites; the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose and its use as a reinforcing agent; and the biofabrication of bacterial nanocellulose, as well as its evaluation as a biomaterial for medical implants.
3,452 citations
TL;DR: The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is a protecting layer formed on the negative electrode of Li-ion batteries as a result of electrolyte decomposition, mainly during the first cycle as discussed by the authors.
2,386 citations