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Journal ArticleDOI

Phd by thesis

01 Apr 1988-Nature (Nature Publishing Group)-Vol. 332, Iss: 6166, pp 676-676
TL;DR: In this paper, a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) is presented.
Abstract: Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a precise determination of the energy scale of jets at the Collider Detector at Fermilab at the Tevatron p p p ¯ collider is described.
Abstract: A precise determination of the energy scale of jets at the Collider Detector at Fermilab at the Tevatron p p ¯ collider is described. Jets are used in many analyses to estimate the energies of partons resulting from the underlying physics process. Several correction factors are developed to estimate the original parton energy from the observed jet energy in the calorimeter. The jet energy response is compared between data and Monte Carlo simulation for various physics processes, and systematic uncertainties on the jet energy scale are determined. For jets with transverse momenta above 50 GeV the jet energy scale is determined with a 3 % systematic uncertainty.

171 citations


Cites methods from "Phd by thesis"

  • ...This parameterization is used to correct the data for any inefficiencies [31]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This Review discusses how surface organometallic chemistry (SOMC) engineers surface sites with well-defined structures and provides insight into the nature of the active sites of industrial catalysts; the Review focuses in particular on olefin production and conversion processes.
Abstract: Many industrial catalysts contain isolated metal sites on the surface of oxide supports. While such catalysts have been used in a broad range of processes for more than 40 years, there is often a very limited understanding about the structure of the catalytically active sites. This review discusses how Surface Organometallic Chemistry (SOMC) engineers surface sites with well-defined structures and provides insight about the nature of active sites in industrial catalysts, focusing in particular on olefin production and conversion processes

171 citations


Cites background from "Phd by thesis"

  • ...silica, shown in Scheme 34b, are inactive in metathesis illustrating the effect of the ancillary ligand set.([478-480])...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Surprisingly, the identified gene cluster contains more NRPS modules than expected on the basis of the number of amino acids of thiocoraline, and it is proposed that two other NRPSs, TioY and TioZ, could be responsible for the biosynthesis of a small peptide molecule which could be involved in regulation of the biosynthetic of thicoraline in Micromonospora sp.
Abstract: Thiocoraline is a thiodepsipeptide antitumor compound produced by two actinomycetes Micromonospora sp. ACM2-092 and Micromonospora sp. ML1, isolated from two marine invertebrates (a soft coral and a mollusc) found of the Indian Ocean coast of Mozambique. By using oligoprimers derived from nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) consensus sequences, six PCR fragments containing putative NRPS adenylation domains were amplified from the chromosome of Micromonospora sp. ML1. Insertional inactivation of each adenylation domain showed that two of them generated nonproducing mutants, thereby indicating that these domains were involved in thiocoraline biosynthesis. Sequencing of a 64.6 kbp DNA region revealed the presence of 36 complete open reading frames (ORFs) and two incomplete ones. Heterologous expression of a region of about 53 kbp, containing 26 of the ORFs, in Streptomyces albus and S. lividans led to the production of thiocoraline in these streptomycetes. Surprisingly, the identified gene cluster contains more NRPS modules than expected on the basis of the number of amino acids of thiocoraline. TioR and TioS would most probably constitute the NRPS involved in the biosynthesis of the thiocoraline backbone, according to the colinearity of the respective modules. It is proposed that two other NRPSs, TioY and TioZ, could be responsible for the biosynthesis of a small peptide molecule which could be involved in regulation of the biosynthesis of thicoraline in Micromonospora sp. ML1. In addition, a pathway is proposed for the biosynthesis of the unusual starter unit, 3-hydroxy-quinaldic acid.

171 citations


Cites background from "Phd by thesis"

  • ...ML1 from a marine mollusc([10]) and Micromonospora ACM2-092 from a soft coral....

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Proceedings ArticleDOI
12 Oct 1987
TL;DR: This paper examines various complexity issues relative to an oracle for a generic set in order to determine which are the more "natural" conjectures for these issues.
Abstract: In this paper, we examine various complexity issues relative to an oracle for a generic set in order to determine which are the more "natural" conjectures for these issues. Generic oracle results should be viewed as parallels to random oracle results, as in [BG]; the two are in many ways related, but, as we shall exhibit, not equivalent. Looking at computation relative to a generic oracle is in some ways a better reflection of computation without an oracle; for example, whereas adding a random oracle allows a deterministic polynomial-time machine to solve any problem in BPP, adding a generic oracle will not help solve any recursive problem faster than it could be solved without an oracle. Generic sets were first introduced by Cohen as a tool for proving independence results in set theory [Co]. Their recursion theoretic properties have also been explored in depth; for example, see [J] and [Ku2]. Some related work using forcing and/or generic sets as tools in oracle constructions can be found in [Ku3], [Do], [P], and [A-SFH]. However, this is to our knowledge the first knowledge the first thorough examination of complexity relative to a generic Oracle.

170 citations


Cites background or result from "Phd by thesis"

  • ...The classes LWPP and AWPP were first defined by Fenner, Fortnow and Kurtz [FFK94] and Fenner, Fortnow, Kurtz and Li [FFKL93]....

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  • ...Suppose L is in PPA for some A in AWPP....

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  • ...Theorem 3.3 (Li) AWPP is low for PP, i.e., PPAWPP = PP....

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  • ...We show that BQP is contained in the counting class AWPP....

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  • ...Lide Li [Li93] gave an upper bound on the complexity of AWPP....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors constructed an approximate expression for the cross section for Higgs production in gluon fusion at next-to-next-tonext-nextto-leading order (N3LO) in αs with finite top mass.

170 citations


Cites background or methods from "Phd by thesis"

  • ...(2.45), were expressed in terms of single and double integrals over the off-shell gluon virtualities in Refs [10,45]....

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  • ...[10]; they have been numerically determined up to and including second order in αs in [10] and up to and including fourth order in [44]....

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  • ...This correction is larger than that found in Refs....

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  • ...[32]), while at NNLO we use the approximate finite-mt result obtained by matching the double expansion in powers of 1− z and mH/mt of Refs....

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  • ...Next-to-leading order (NLO) corrections to the inclusive cross section, originally computed in Refs....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new family of highly fluorescent indicators has been synthesized for biochemical studies of the physiological role of cytosolic free Ca2+ using an 8-coordinate tetracarboxylate chelating site with stilbene chromophores that offer up to 30-fold brighter fluorescence.

21,582 citations


"Phd by thesis" refers background in this paper

  • ...members of this group were produced by Tsien and colleagues [1, 10, 11]....

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  • ...The introduction of Ca 2+ -sensitive fluorescent dyes more than twenty years ago and their permanent improvement [10] enabled investigators to gain unprecedented insights into the mechanisms of cellular signalling....

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ReportDOI
01 Nov 1990
TL;DR: This report will establish methods for performing a domain analysis and describe the products of the domain analysis process to illustrate the application of domain analysis to a representative class of software systems.
Abstract: : Successful Software reuse requires the systematic discovery and exploitation of commonality across related software systems. By examining related software systems and the underlying theory of the class of systems they represent, domain analysis can provide a generic description of the requirements of that class of systems and a set of approaches for their implementation. This report will establish methods for performing a domain analysis and describe the products of the domain analysis process. To illustrate the application of domain analysis to a representative class of software systems, this report will provide a domain analysis of window management system software.

4,420 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The straw person model (SPM) as mentioned in this paper has been proposed to explain the orientation effects of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and quasars in the line of sight (LOS) images.
Abstract: Because the critical central regions of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and quasars are strongly nonspherical but spatially unresolved, orientation effects have been the source of much confusion. In fact, it now appears that much of the variety in AGN types is just the result of varying orientation relative to the line of sight. We can define an extreme hypothesis,, the straw person model (SPM), in which there are two basic types of AGN: the radio quiets and the radio louds. For each type there is a range in intrinsic luminosity, and the luminosity controls some properties such as the Fanaroff and Riley classes. However, at a given intrinsic luminosity, all other properties such as spectroscopic classification and VLBI component speeds are ascribed to orientation. This model is only a caricature of the unification idea, and is already ruled out on many grounds, but it will be useful for organizing the discussion. I’ll describe what I consider to be convincing evidence that orientation effects are important and widespread. The true situation may be in some sense half way between the SPM and the hypothesis that orientation doesn’t affect classification at aIl. To us optimists, the orienration cup is half full rather than half empty. Although it is too soon to say for sure, the hypothesis that most objects’ classifications would be different if seen from other directions is a tenable one today.

4,005 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This Review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of microfibrillated cellulose from wood and its application in nanocomposites; the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose and its use as a reinforcing agent; and the biofabrication of bacterial nanocellulose, as well as its evaluation as a biomaterial for medical implants.
Abstract: Cellulose fibrils with widths in the nanometer range are nature-based materials with unique and potentially useful features. Most importantly, these novel nanocelluloses open up the strongly expanding fields of sustainable materials and nanocomposites, as well as medical and life-science devices, to the natural polymer cellulose. The nanodimensions of the structural elements result in a high surface area and hence the powerful interaction of these celluloses with surrounding species, such as water, organic and polymeric compounds, nanoparticles, and living cells. This Review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of microfibrillated cellulose from wood and its application in nanocomposites; the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose and its use as a reinforcing agent; and the biofabrication of bacterial nanocellulose, as well as its evaluation as a biomaterial for medical implants.

3,452 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is a protecting layer formed on the negative electrode of Li-ion batteries as a result of electrolyte decomposition, mainly during the first cycle as discussed by the authors.

2,386 citations