Phd by thesis
TL;DR: In this paper, a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) is presented.
Abstract: Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These
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01 Nov 1990
TL;DR: This report will establish methods for performing a domain analysis and describe the products of the domain analysis process to illustrate the application of domain analysis to a representative class of software systems.
Abstract: : Successful Software reuse requires the systematic discovery and exploitation of commonality across related software systems. By examining related software systems and the underlying theory of the class of systems they represent, domain analysis can provide a generic description of the requirements of that class of systems and a set of approaches for their implementation. This report will establish methods for performing a domain analysis and describe the products of the domain analysis process. To illustrate the application of domain analysis to a representative class of software systems, this report will provide a domain analysis of window management system software.
4,420 citations
TL;DR: The straw person model (SPM) as mentioned in this paper has been proposed to explain the orientation effects of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and quasars in the line of sight (LOS) images.
Abstract: Because the critical central regions of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and quasars are strongly nonspherical but spatially unresolved, orientation effects have been the source of much confusion. In fact, it now appears that much of the variety in AGN types is just the result of varying orientation relative to the line of sight. We can define an extreme hypothesis,, the straw person model (SPM), in which there are two basic types of AGN: the radio quiets and the radio louds. For each type there is a range in intrinsic luminosity, and the luminosity controls some properties such as the Fanaroff and Riley classes. However, at a given intrinsic luminosity, all other properties such as spectroscopic classification and VLBI component speeds are ascribed to orientation. This model is only a caricature of the unification idea, and is already ruled out on many grounds, but it will be useful for organizing the discussion. I’ll describe what I consider to be convincing evidence that orientation effects are important and widespread. The true situation may be in some sense half way between the SPM and the hypothesis that orientation doesn’t affect classification at aIl. To us optimists, the orienration cup is half full rather than half empty. Although it is too soon to say for sure, the hypothesis that most objects’ classifications would be different if seen from other directions is a tenable one today.
4,005 citations
Cites methods from "Phd by thesis"
...Kay (1990) and Tran et al (1992) have fo und more Seyfert 2s with broad permitted lines in the polarized fl ux, but the FC polarizations are generally much less than that of NGC 1068....
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TL;DR: This Review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of microfibrillated cellulose from wood and its application in nanocomposites; the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose and its use as a reinforcing agent; and the biofabrication of bacterial nanocellulose, as well as its evaluation as a biomaterial for medical implants.
Abstract: Cellulose fibrils with widths in the nanometer range are nature-based materials with unique and potentially useful features. Most importantly, these novel nanocelluloses open up the strongly expanding fields of sustainable materials and nanocomposites, as well as medical and life-science devices, to the natural polymer cellulose. The nanodimensions of the structural elements result in a high surface area and hence the powerful interaction of these celluloses with surrounding species, such as water, organic and polymeric compounds, nanoparticles, and living cells. This Review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of microfibrillated cellulose from wood and its application in nanocomposites; the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose and its use as a reinforcing agent; and the biofabrication of bacterial nanocellulose, as well as its evaluation as a biomaterial for medical implants.
3,452 citations
Cites background or methods from "Phd by thesis"
...b) Spheres formed by agitated cultivation with a shaking rate of 80–100 rpm; diameter: 2–3 mm, smooth surface.([181]) c) Tubes...
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...a) Film prepared in a PP container under static conditions; dimensions: 25 25 cm(2), thickness: 200 mm.([181]) b) Spheres formed by agitated cultivation with a shaking rate of 80–100 rpm; diameter: 2–3 mm, smooth surface....
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TL;DR: The Arcade Learning Environment (ALE) as discussed by the authors is a platform for evaluating the development of general, domain-independent AI technology, which provides an interface to hundreds of Atari 2600 game environments, each one different, interesting, and designed to be a challenge for human players.
Abstract: In this article we introduce the Arcade Learning Environment (ALE): both a challenge problem and a platform and methodology for evaluating the development of general, domain-independent AI technology. ALE provides an interface to hundreds of Atari 2600 game environments, each one different, interesting, and designed to be a challenge for human players. ALE presents significant research challenges for reinforcement learning, model learning, model-based planning, imitation learning, transfer learning, and intrinsic motivation. Most importantly, it provides a rigorous testbed for evaluating and comparing approaches to these problems. We illustrate the promise of ALE by developing and benchmarking domain-independent agents designed using well-established AI techniques for both reinforcement learning and planning. In doing so, we also propose an evaluation methodology made possible by ALE, reporting empirical results on over 55 different games. All of the software, including the benchmark agents, is publicly available.
2,429 citations
TL;DR: The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is a protecting layer formed on the negative electrode of Li-ion batteries as a result of electrolyte decomposition, mainly during the first cycle as discussed by the authors.
2,386 citations
References
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01 Aug 1995
TL;DR: A straightforward solution to the problems of compositional parallel programming by using skeletons as the uniform mechanism for structured composition, which provides a natural integration of the compositional programming approach with the data parallel programming paradigm.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose a straightforward solution to the problems of compositional parallel programming by using skeletons as the uniform mechanism for structured composition. In our approach parallel programs are constructed by composing procedures in a conventional base language using a set of high-level, pre-defined, functional, parallel computational forms known as skeletons. The ability to compose skeletons provides us with the essential tools for building further and more complex application-oriented skeletons specifying important aspects of parallel computation. Compared with the process network based composition approach, such as PCN, the skeleton approach abstracts away the fine details of connecting communication ports to the higher level mechanism of making data distributions conform, thus avoiding the complexity of using lower level ports as the means of interaction. Thus, the framework provides a natural integration of the compositional programming approach with the data parallel programming paradigm.
105 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the optical and electrical properties of two types of wet chemical processed tin doped indium oxide (ITO) films deposited by spin coating technique as well as of a commercial sputtered ITO film have been measured.
105 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used ultrafast-heating calorimetry to explore the temperature dependence for the growth-dominated medium Ag-In-Sb-Te.
Abstract: Phase-change random-access memory relies on the reversible crystalline-glassy phase change in chalcogenide thin films. In this application, the speed of crystallization is critical for device performance: there is a need to combine ultrafast crystallization for switching at high temperature with high resistance to crystallization for non-volatile data retention near to room temperature. In phase-change media such as nucleation-dominated Ge2Sb2Te5, these conflicting requirements are met through the highly fragile nature of the temperature dependence of the viscosity of the supercooled liquid. The present study explores, using ultrafast-heating calorimetry, the equivalent temperature dependence for the growth-dominated medium Ag-In-Sb-Te. The crystallization shows (unexpectedly) Arrhenius temperature dependence over a wide intermediate temperature range. Here it is shown that this is evidence for a fragile-to-strong crossover on cooling the liquid. Such a crossover has many consequences for the interpretation and control of phase-change kinetics in chalcogenide media, helping to understand the distinction between nucleation- and growth-dominated crystallization, and offering a route to designing improved device performance.
105 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the stellar environment of the β Pictoris-like star HD 141569 with optical spectroscopy and near-infrared imaging was investigated, and it was shown that the B9.5 Ve primary and two other stars (types M2 and M4) both located in projection less than 9'' away have the same radial velocity and proper motion and therefore almost certainly form a triple star system.
Abstract: We investigate the stellar environment of the β Pictoris-like star HD 141569 with optical spectroscopy and near-infrared imaging. The B9.5 Ve primary and two other stars (types M2 and M4) both located in projection less than 9'' away have the same radial velocity and proper motion and therefore almost certainly form a triple star system. From their X-ray flux, lithium absorption, and location on pre-main-sequence evolutionary tracks, the companions appear to be 5 Myr old. HD 141569A is now one of the few main-sequence stars with a circumstellar disk that has a well-determined age. The circumstellar disk is composed of secondary debris material, thus placing an upper limit on the time needed for disk processing. These three stars may be part of an association of young stars.
105 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that all gravitational quadratic divergencies cancel in cut-off regularization and are trivially absent in dimensional regularization so that there is no alteration to asymptotic freedom at high energies.
105 citations