Phd by thesis
TL;DR: In this paper, a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) is presented.
Abstract: Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These
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01 Nov 1990
TL;DR: This report will establish methods for performing a domain analysis and describe the products of the domain analysis process to illustrate the application of domain analysis to a representative class of software systems.
Abstract: : Successful Software reuse requires the systematic discovery and exploitation of commonality across related software systems. By examining related software systems and the underlying theory of the class of systems they represent, domain analysis can provide a generic description of the requirements of that class of systems and a set of approaches for their implementation. This report will establish methods for performing a domain analysis and describe the products of the domain analysis process. To illustrate the application of domain analysis to a representative class of software systems, this report will provide a domain analysis of window management system software.
4,420 citations
TL;DR: The straw person model (SPM) as mentioned in this paper has been proposed to explain the orientation effects of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and quasars in the line of sight (LOS) images.
Abstract: Because the critical central regions of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and quasars are strongly nonspherical but spatially unresolved, orientation effects have been the source of much confusion. In fact, it now appears that much of the variety in AGN types is just the result of varying orientation relative to the line of sight. We can define an extreme hypothesis,, the straw person model (SPM), in which there are two basic types of AGN: the radio quiets and the radio louds. For each type there is a range in intrinsic luminosity, and the luminosity controls some properties such as the Fanaroff and Riley classes. However, at a given intrinsic luminosity, all other properties such as spectroscopic classification and VLBI component speeds are ascribed to orientation. This model is only a caricature of the unification idea, and is already ruled out on many grounds, but it will be useful for organizing the discussion. I’ll describe what I consider to be convincing evidence that orientation effects are important and widespread. The true situation may be in some sense half way between the SPM and the hypothesis that orientation doesn’t affect classification at aIl. To us optimists, the orienration cup is half full rather than half empty. Although it is too soon to say for sure, the hypothesis that most objects’ classifications would be different if seen from other directions is a tenable one today.
4,005 citations
Cites methods from "Phd by thesis"
...Kay (1990) and Tran et al (1992) have fo und more Seyfert 2s with broad permitted lines in the polarized fl ux, but the FC polarizations are generally much less than that of NGC 1068....
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TL;DR: This Review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of microfibrillated cellulose from wood and its application in nanocomposites; the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose and its use as a reinforcing agent; and the biofabrication of bacterial nanocellulose, as well as its evaluation as a biomaterial for medical implants.
Abstract: Cellulose fibrils with widths in the nanometer range are nature-based materials with unique and potentially useful features. Most importantly, these novel nanocelluloses open up the strongly expanding fields of sustainable materials and nanocomposites, as well as medical and life-science devices, to the natural polymer cellulose. The nanodimensions of the structural elements result in a high surface area and hence the powerful interaction of these celluloses with surrounding species, such as water, organic and polymeric compounds, nanoparticles, and living cells. This Review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of microfibrillated cellulose from wood and its application in nanocomposites; the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose and its use as a reinforcing agent; and the biofabrication of bacterial nanocellulose, as well as its evaluation as a biomaterial for medical implants.
3,452 citations
Cites background or methods from "Phd by thesis"
...b) Spheres formed by agitated cultivation with a shaking rate of 80–100 rpm; diameter: 2–3 mm, smooth surface.([181]) c) Tubes...
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...a) Film prepared in a PP container under static conditions; dimensions: 25 25 cm(2), thickness: 200 mm.([181]) b) Spheres formed by agitated cultivation with a shaking rate of 80–100 rpm; diameter: 2–3 mm, smooth surface....
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TL;DR: The Arcade Learning Environment (ALE) as discussed by the authors is a platform for evaluating the development of general, domain-independent AI technology, which provides an interface to hundreds of Atari 2600 game environments, each one different, interesting, and designed to be a challenge for human players.
Abstract: In this article we introduce the Arcade Learning Environment (ALE): both a challenge problem and a platform and methodology for evaluating the development of general, domain-independent AI technology. ALE provides an interface to hundreds of Atari 2600 game environments, each one different, interesting, and designed to be a challenge for human players. ALE presents significant research challenges for reinforcement learning, model learning, model-based planning, imitation learning, transfer learning, and intrinsic motivation. Most importantly, it provides a rigorous testbed for evaluating and comparing approaches to these problems. We illustrate the promise of ALE by developing and benchmarking domain-independent agents designed using well-established AI techniques for both reinforcement learning and planning. In doing so, we also propose an evaluation methodology made possible by ALE, reporting empirical results on over 55 different games. All of the software, including the benchmark agents, is publicly available.
2,429 citations
TL;DR: The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is a protecting layer formed on the negative electrode of Li-ion batteries as a result of electrolyte decomposition, mainly during the first cycle as discussed by the authors.
2,386 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, the momentum spectra of 733 identified fragments were analyzed to provide isotopic production cross sections, fission-fragment velocities and recoil momenta of the fissioning parent nuclei.
75 citations
TL;DR: The first incoherent ODR observation from a slit target has been performed, and the sensitivity to the beam size as small as 14 microm has been achieved.
Abstract: An experiment on the investigation of optical diffraction radiation (ODR) from a slit target as a possible tool for noninvasive electron beam-size diagnostics has been performed at the KEK accelerator test facility. The experimental setup has been installed at the diagnostics section of the extraction line. We have performed the first incoherent ODR observation from a slit target. The measured angular distributions are in reasonable agreement with the theoretical expectation. The beam-size effect onto the ODR angular pattern has been observed. Moreover, the sensitivity to the beam size as small as 14 microm has been achieved.
75 citations
TL;DR: A new peptide family is designated as the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (cHH) family, with c H H as the first described and the major neurohormone elaborated by the X-organ-sinus gland complex.
Abstract: In crustaceans, it is well known that major physiological processes such as homeostasis, growth, and reproduction are regulated by neurohormones originating from the major neuroendocrine center, the X-organ-sinus gland complex, which is located, in decapods, within the eyestalks (see ref. 1 for review). These neuropeptides have recently been shown to be structurally related, thus defining a new peptide family designated as the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (cHH) family, with c H H as the first described and the major neurohormone elaborated by the X-organ-sinus gland complex.’ Until now, hyperglycemic neuropeptides had been isolated and sequenced from a number of different crustacean species (FIG. 1). cHHs are 72-73 aa residue peptides with six cysteyl residues forming three disulfide bridges in conserved positions. In addition, the primary structure of the cHHs is highly conserved among the different species with a percentage of homology above 60%. Other members of the cHH family are 75-78 aa residue inhibitory neuropeptides involved in the regulation of molting (molt-inhibiting hormone, MIH) and reproduction (gonad-inhibiting hormone, GIH; also called vitellogenesis-inhibiting hormone, VIH) (FIG. 1). MIH has been fully characterized in several species of crabs, in a crayfish, and in a shrimp, whereas VIH has been sequenced and cloned in the American lobster only. MIHs and VIH share more than 50% homology, but this value is lower than 30% when both are compared to cHHs. Major differences occur mainly at both ends of the neuropeptide molecules because the percentage of homology between cHHs and MIHs/VIH reaches 50%, with a conserved location of five cysteyl residues, when the central part (positions 23-52) of the molecules is considered. It was recently demonstrated that the mandibular organs of the crab Cnncerpugitrirs, which elaborate juvenile hormonelike compounds and are therefore considered as functional equivalents of insect
75 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the surface structure of a model catalyst was determined by scanning tunneling microscopy and the reaction kinetics by online mass spectrometry under high pressure, microflow experiments at elevated temperatures during the catalytic oxidation of CO.
Abstract: This paper addresses the “pressure gap” between traditional surface science experiments and catalysis under practical conditions. We review high-pressure, microflow experiments at elevated temperatures during the catalytic oxidation of CO. Using a specially constructed “Reactor-STM” we simultaneously determine the surface structure of a model catalyst by scanning tunneling microscopy and the reaction kinetics by online mass spectrometry. For both Pt(110) and Pd(100) we find that under O2-rich conditions surface oxides are formed on the otherwise metallic surfaces. The presence of the oxide is correlated with a superior catalytic activity. Whereas the reaction on the metal surfaces shows traditional Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetics, the reaction on the oxides follows the Mars-Van Krevelen oxidation–reduction mechanism, as we conclude from the reaction kinetics and the reaction-induced roughening of the surface. We emphasize that in addition to a pressure gap there can also be a temperature gap, requiring experiments to be performed not only at high pressures but also at sufficiently high temperatures.
74 citations
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: An overview of a multimodal dialogue system and its components is introduced and four main approaches to dialogue management are described (finite-state and frame-based, information-state based and probabilistic, plan-based and collaborative agent-based approaches).
Abstract: This report is about the state of the art in dialogue management. We first introduce an overview of a multimodal dialogue system and its components. Second, four main approaches to dialogue management are described (finite-state and frame-based, information-state based and probabilistic, plan-based, and collaborative agent-based approaches). Finally, the dialogue management in the recent dialogue systems is presented.
74 citations