Phd by thesis
TL;DR: In this paper, a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) is presented.
Abstract: Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These
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01 Nov 1990
TL;DR: This report will establish methods for performing a domain analysis and describe the products of the domain analysis process to illustrate the application of domain analysis to a representative class of software systems.
Abstract: : Successful Software reuse requires the systematic discovery and exploitation of commonality across related software systems. By examining related software systems and the underlying theory of the class of systems they represent, domain analysis can provide a generic description of the requirements of that class of systems and a set of approaches for their implementation. This report will establish methods for performing a domain analysis and describe the products of the domain analysis process. To illustrate the application of domain analysis to a representative class of software systems, this report will provide a domain analysis of window management system software.
4,420 citations
TL;DR: The straw person model (SPM) as mentioned in this paper has been proposed to explain the orientation effects of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and quasars in the line of sight (LOS) images.
Abstract: Because the critical central regions of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and quasars are strongly nonspherical but spatially unresolved, orientation effects have been the source of much confusion. In fact, it now appears that much of the variety in AGN types is just the result of varying orientation relative to the line of sight. We can define an extreme hypothesis,, the straw person model (SPM), in which there are two basic types of AGN: the radio quiets and the radio louds. For each type there is a range in intrinsic luminosity, and the luminosity controls some properties such as the Fanaroff and Riley classes. However, at a given intrinsic luminosity, all other properties such as spectroscopic classification and VLBI component speeds are ascribed to orientation. This model is only a caricature of the unification idea, and is already ruled out on many grounds, but it will be useful for organizing the discussion. I’ll describe what I consider to be convincing evidence that orientation effects are important and widespread. The true situation may be in some sense half way between the SPM and the hypothesis that orientation doesn’t affect classification at aIl. To us optimists, the orienration cup is half full rather than half empty. Although it is too soon to say for sure, the hypothesis that most objects’ classifications would be different if seen from other directions is a tenable one today.
4,005 citations
Cites methods from "Phd by thesis"
...Kay (1990) and Tran et al (1992) have fo und more Seyfert 2s with broad permitted lines in the polarized fl ux, but the FC polarizations are generally much less than that of NGC 1068....
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TL;DR: This Review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of microfibrillated cellulose from wood and its application in nanocomposites; the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose and its use as a reinforcing agent; and the biofabrication of bacterial nanocellulose, as well as its evaluation as a biomaterial for medical implants.
Abstract: Cellulose fibrils with widths in the nanometer range are nature-based materials with unique and potentially useful features. Most importantly, these novel nanocelluloses open up the strongly expanding fields of sustainable materials and nanocomposites, as well as medical and life-science devices, to the natural polymer cellulose. The nanodimensions of the structural elements result in a high surface area and hence the powerful interaction of these celluloses with surrounding species, such as water, organic and polymeric compounds, nanoparticles, and living cells. This Review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of microfibrillated cellulose from wood and its application in nanocomposites; the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose and its use as a reinforcing agent; and the biofabrication of bacterial nanocellulose, as well as its evaluation as a biomaterial for medical implants.
3,452 citations
Cites background or methods from "Phd by thesis"
...b) Spheres formed by agitated cultivation with a shaking rate of 80–100 rpm; diameter: 2–3 mm, smooth surface.([181]) c) Tubes...
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...a) Film prepared in a PP container under static conditions; dimensions: 25 25 cm(2), thickness: 200 mm.([181]) b) Spheres formed by agitated cultivation with a shaking rate of 80–100 rpm; diameter: 2–3 mm, smooth surface....
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TL;DR: The Arcade Learning Environment (ALE) as discussed by the authors is a platform for evaluating the development of general, domain-independent AI technology, which provides an interface to hundreds of Atari 2600 game environments, each one different, interesting, and designed to be a challenge for human players.
Abstract: In this article we introduce the Arcade Learning Environment (ALE): both a challenge problem and a platform and methodology for evaluating the development of general, domain-independent AI technology. ALE provides an interface to hundreds of Atari 2600 game environments, each one different, interesting, and designed to be a challenge for human players. ALE presents significant research challenges for reinforcement learning, model learning, model-based planning, imitation learning, transfer learning, and intrinsic motivation. Most importantly, it provides a rigorous testbed for evaluating and comparing approaches to these problems. We illustrate the promise of ALE by developing and benchmarking domain-independent agents designed using well-established AI techniques for both reinforcement learning and planning. In doing so, we also propose an evaluation methodology made possible by ALE, reporting empirical results on over 55 different games. All of the software, including the benchmark agents, is publicly available.
2,429 citations
TL;DR: The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is a protecting layer formed on the negative electrode of Li-ion batteries as a result of electrolyte decomposition, mainly during the first cycle as discussed by the authors.
2,386 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the creation of photons in a one dimensional oscillating cavity with two perfectly conducting moving walls is studied by means of a conformal transformation and a set of generalized Moore's equations whose solution contains the whole information of the radiation field within the cavity.
Abstract: We study the creation of photons in a one dimensional oscillating cavity with two perfectly conducting moving walls. By means of a conformal transformation we derive a set of generalized Moore's equations whose solution contains the whole information of the radiation field within the cavity. For the case of resonant oscillations we solve these equations using a renormalization group procedure that appropriately deals with the secular behaviour present in a naive perturbative approach. We study the time evolution of the energy density profile and of the number of created photons inside the cavity.
71 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors derived the light-cone distribution amplitudes for non-relativistic bound states, including radiative corrections from relativistic gluon exchange to first order in the strong coupling constant.
Abstract: We calculate light-cone distribution amplitudes for non-relativistic bound states, including radiative corrections from relativistic gluon exchange to first order in the strong coupling constant. We distinguish between bound states of quarks with equal (or similar) mass, m1 ~ m2, and between bound states where the quark masses are hierarchical, m1 >> m2. For both cases we calculate the distribution amplitudes at the non-relativistic scale and discuss the renormalization-group evolution for the leading-twist and 2-particle distributions. Our results apply to hard exclusive reactions with non-relativistic bound states in the QCD factorization approach like, for instance, Bc → ηclν or e+e− → J/ψηc. They also serve as a toy model for light-cone distribution amplitudes of light mesons or heavy B and D mesons, for which certain model-independent properties can be derived. In particular, we calculate the anomalous dimension for the B meson distribution amplitude B−(ω) in the Wandzura-Wilczek approximation and derive the according solution of the evolution equation at leading logarithmic accuracy.
71 citations
Dissertation•
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: Customization of the user interface for two different access methods: eye tracking, an uncommon access method for a wheelchair, and single switch scanning, which is considered the driving method of last resort on standard powered wheelchairs are described.
Abstract: An assistive robotic wheelchair system should allow its user to travel more efficiently and with greater ease The robotic wheelchair system described in this thesis, Wheelesley, performs semi-autonomous navigation for its user, taking high-level directional commands and performing the low-level navigation required to avoid obstacles and stay on a safe path The system consists of a standard electric wheelchair with an on-board computer for motor control, a vision system running on an off-the-shelf notebook computer, sensors, and a graphical user interface running on a tray mounted notebook computer Most other research on robotic wheelchairs only addresses indoor navigation The Wheelesley system can travel both indoors and outdoors using specialized navigation modes; there is a control algorithm for indoor navigation and a control algorithm for outdoor navigation User tests have been conducted for both control modes to compare robotic assisted control against manual control Robotic assisted control requires 71% less effort for indoor navigation and 88% less effort for outdoor navigation In addition, the total time needed to travel between two points is reduced since less time is spent waiting to scan to the desired commands The system switches automatically between navigation modes through the use of a novel indoor/outdoor detector The detector is comprised of an ultrasonic transducer, three light-to-voltage optical sensors and a thermistor A decision tree learned by C45 using data collected in a variety of indoor and outdoor conditions classified a test set correctly 983% of the time The system can be easily customized for the access method(s) required by each user This thesis describes customization of the user interface for two different access methods: eye tracking, an uncommon access method for a wheelchair, and single switch scanning, which is considered the driving method of last resort on standard powered wheelchairs The wheelchair system and its interface was evaluated by a group of physical therapists Thesis Supervisor: Rodney A Brooks Title: Professor Shared User-Computer Control of a Robotic Wheelchair
71 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the speed at which various notions of scrambling/decoupling occur in a simplified but natural model of random two-particle interactions: random quantum circuits.
Abstract: Random transformations are typically good at “scrambling” information. Specifically, in the quantum setting, scrambling usually refers to the process of mapping most initial pure product states under a unitary transformation to states which are macroscopically entangled, in the sense of being close to completely mixed on most subsystems containing a fraction fn of all n particles for some constant f . While the term scrambling is used in the context of the black hole information paradox, scrambling is related to problems involving decoupling in general, and to the question of how large isolated many-body systems reach local thermal equilibrium under their own unitary dynamics. Here, we study the speed at which various notions of scrambling/decoupling occur in a simplified but natural model of random two-particle interactions: random quantum circuits. For a circuit representing the dynamics generated by a local Hamiltonian, the depth of the circuit corresponds to time. Thus, we consider the depth of these circuits and we are typically interested in what can be done in a depth that is sublinear or even logarithmic in the size of the system. We resolve an outstanding conjecture raised in the context of the black hole information paradox with respect to the depth at which a typical quantum circuit generates an entanglement assisted encoding against the erasure channel. In addition, we prove that typical quantum circuits of poly(logn) depth satisfy a stronger notion of scrambling and can be used to encode n qubits into n qubits so that up to n errors can be corrected, for some constants; > 0.
71 citations
TL;DR: The Markov theorem without stabilization as mentioned in this paper states that there is a complexity function and a finite set of "templates" such that (possibly after initial complexity-reducing modifications in the choice of X+ and X− which replace them with closed braids X+′,X−′) there are a sequence of closed braid representatives X+− of X such that each passage Xi→Xi+1 is strictly complexity reducing and nonincreasing on braid index.
Abstract: Choose any oriented link type X and closed braid representatives X+,X− of X, where X− has minimal braid index among all closed braid representatives of X. The main result of this paper is a ‘Markov theorem without stabilization’. It asserts that there is a complexity function and a finite set of ‘templates’ such that (possibly after initial complexity-reducing modifications in the choice of X+ and X− which replace them with closed braids X+′,X−′) there is a sequence of closed braid representatives X+′=X1→X2→⋯→Xr=X−′ such that each passage Xi→Xi+1 is strictly complexity reducing and non-increasing on braid index. The templates which define the passages Xi→Xi+1 include 3 familiar ones, the destabilization, exchange move and flype templates, and in addition, for each braid index m≥4 a finite set T(m) of new ones. The number of templates in T(m) is a non-decreasing function of m. We give examples of members of T(m),m≥4, but not a complete listing. There are applications to contact geometry, which will be given in a separate paper.
71 citations