Phd by thesis
TL;DR: In this paper, a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) is presented.
Abstract: Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These
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01 Nov 1990
TL;DR: This report will establish methods for performing a domain analysis and describe the products of the domain analysis process to illustrate the application of domain analysis to a representative class of software systems.
Abstract: : Successful Software reuse requires the systematic discovery and exploitation of commonality across related software systems. By examining related software systems and the underlying theory of the class of systems they represent, domain analysis can provide a generic description of the requirements of that class of systems and a set of approaches for their implementation. This report will establish methods for performing a domain analysis and describe the products of the domain analysis process. To illustrate the application of domain analysis to a representative class of software systems, this report will provide a domain analysis of window management system software.
4,420 citations
TL;DR: The straw person model (SPM) as mentioned in this paper has been proposed to explain the orientation effects of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and quasars in the line of sight (LOS) images.
Abstract: Because the critical central regions of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and quasars are strongly nonspherical but spatially unresolved, orientation effects have been the source of much confusion. In fact, it now appears that much of the variety in AGN types is just the result of varying orientation relative to the line of sight. We can define an extreme hypothesis,, the straw person model (SPM), in which there are two basic types of AGN: the radio quiets and the radio louds. For each type there is a range in intrinsic luminosity, and the luminosity controls some properties such as the Fanaroff and Riley classes. However, at a given intrinsic luminosity, all other properties such as spectroscopic classification and VLBI component speeds are ascribed to orientation. This model is only a caricature of the unification idea, and is already ruled out on many grounds, but it will be useful for organizing the discussion. I’ll describe what I consider to be convincing evidence that orientation effects are important and widespread. The true situation may be in some sense half way between the SPM and the hypothesis that orientation doesn’t affect classification at aIl. To us optimists, the orienration cup is half full rather than half empty. Although it is too soon to say for sure, the hypothesis that most objects’ classifications would be different if seen from other directions is a tenable one today.
4,005 citations
Cites methods from "Phd by thesis"
...Kay (1990) and Tran et al (1992) have fo und more Seyfert 2s with broad permitted lines in the polarized fl ux, but the FC polarizations are generally much less than that of NGC 1068....
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TL;DR: This Review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of microfibrillated cellulose from wood and its application in nanocomposites; the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose and its use as a reinforcing agent; and the biofabrication of bacterial nanocellulose, as well as its evaluation as a biomaterial for medical implants.
Abstract: Cellulose fibrils with widths in the nanometer range are nature-based materials with unique and potentially useful features. Most importantly, these novel nanocelluloses open up the strongly expanding fields of sustainable materials and nanocomposites, as well as medical and life-science devices, to the natural polymer cellulose. The nanodimensions of the structural elements result in a high surface area and hence the powerful interaction of these celluloses with surrounding species, such as water, organic and polymeric compounds, nanoparticles, and living cells. This Review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of microfibrillated cellulose from wood and its application in nanocomposites; the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose and its use as a reinforcing agent; and the biofabrication of bacterial nanocellulose, as well as its evaluation as a biomaterial for medical implants.
3,452 citations
Cites background or methods from "Phd by thesis"
...b) Spheres formed by agitated cultivation with a shaking rate of 80–100 rpm; diameter: 2–3 mm, smooth surface.([181]) c) Tubes...
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...a) Film prepared in a PP container under static conditions; dimensions: 25 25 cm(2), thickness: 200 mm.([181]) b) Spheres formed by agitated cultivation with a shaking rate of 80–100 rpm; diameter: 2–3 mm, smooth surface....
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TL;DR: The Arcade Learning Environment (ALE) as discussed by the authors is a platform for evaluating the development of general, domain-independent AI technology, which provides an interface to hundreds of Atari 2600 game environments, each one different, interesting, and designed to be a challenge for human players.
Abstract: In this article we introduce the Arcade Learning Environment (ALE): both a challenge problem and a platform and methodology for evaluating the development of general, domain-independent AI technology. ALE provides an interface to hundreds of Atari 2600 game environments, each one different, interesting, and designed to be a challenge for human players. ALE presents significant research challenges for reinforcement learning, model learning, model-based planning, imitation learning, transfer learning, and intrinsic motivation. Most importantly, it provides a rigorous testbed for evaluating and comparing approaches to these problems. We illustrate the promise of ALE by developing and benchmarking domain-independent agents designed using well-established AI techniques for both reinforcement learning and planning. In doing so, we also propose an evaluation methodology made possible by ALE, reporting empirical results on over 55 different games. All of the software, including the benchmark agents, is publicly available.
2,429 citations
TL;DR: The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is a protecting layer formed on the negative electrode of Li-ion batteries as a result of electrolyte decomposition, mainly during the first cycle as discussed by the authors.
2,386 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, the influence of the stress state on the twinning rate and work hardening was studied in the case of an Fe-Mn-C TWIP steel strained in uniaxial tension, simple shear and rolling.
66 citations
TL;DR: Three-dimensional numerical simulations of the flow of an electrically conducting fluid in a spherical shell when a magnetic field is applied show that instabilities arising from the presence of boundaries present striking similarities with the magnetorotational instability (MRI).
Abstract: We report three-dimensional numerical simulations of the flow of an electrically conducting fluid in a spherical shell when a magnetic field is applied. Different spherical Couette configurations are investigated by varying the rotation ratio between the inner and the outer sphere, the geometry of the imposed field, and the magnetic boundary conditions on the inner sphere. Either a Stewartson layer or a Shercliff layer, accompanied by a radial jet, can be generated depending on the rotation speeds and the magnetic-field strength, and various nonaxisymmetric destabilizations of the flow are observed. We show that instabilities arising from the presence of boundaries present striking similarities with the magnetorotational instability (MRI). To this end, we compare our numerical results to experimental observations of the Maryland experiment [D. R. Sisan et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 114502 (2004)], which claimed to observe MRI in a similar setup.
66 citations
01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: This paper presents the main ideas and gathers preliminary results on the behavior of island models with regard to the amount of cooperation between islands, the level of heterogeneity and the difficulty of the problem being solved.
Abstract: A need for solving more and more complex problems drives the Evolutionary Computation community towards advanced models of Evolutionary Algorithms. One such model is the island model which, although the subject of a variety of studies, still needs additional fundamental research. In my Ph.D. thesis I am aiming at studying the behavior of island models with regard to the amount of cooperation between islands, the level of heterogeneity and the difficulty of the problem being solved. This paper presents the main ideas and gathers preliminary results.
66 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the average gluon polarisation in the nucleon was measured using open charm production by scattering 160 GeV/c polarised muons off longitudinally polarised protons or deuterons.
Abstract: The gluon polarisation in the nucleon was measured using open charmproduction by scattering 160 GeV/c polarised muons off longitudinally polarisedprotons or deuterons. The data were taken by the COMPASS collaboration between2002 and 2007. A detailed account is given of the analysis method that includesthe application of neural networks. Several decay channels of D^0 mesons areinvestigated. Longitudinal spin asymmetries of the D meson productioncross-sections are extracted in bins of D^0 transverse momentum and energy. Atleading order QCD accuracy the average gluon polarisation is determined as(Delta g/G)^LO=-0.06 +/- 0.21 (stat.) +/- 0.08 (syst.) at the scale ~13(GeV/c)^2 and an average gluon momentum fraction ~ 0.11. For the first time,the average gluon polarisation is also obtained at next-to-leading order QCDaccuracy as (Delta g/G)^NLO = -0.13 +/- 0.15 (stat.) +/- 0.15 (syst.) at thescale ~ 13 (\GeV/c)^2 and ~ 0.20.
66 citations
01 May 1991
TL;DR: A stochastic framework for manipulation planning where plans are ranked on the basis of expected cost and the desirability of states and actions with a cost function and uncertainty with probability distributions is proposed.
Abstract: Geometric uncertainty is unavoidable when programming robots for physical applications. We propose a stochastic framework for manipulation planning where plans are ranked on the basis of expected cost. That is, we express the desirability of states and actions with a cost function and describe uncertainty with probability distributions. We illustrate the approach with a new design for a programmable parts feeder: a mechanism that orients two-dimensional parts using a sequence of open-loop mechanical motions. We present a planning algorithm that accepts an n-sided polygonal part as input and, in time $O(n\sp2)$, generates a stochastically optimal plan for orienting the part.
66 citations