scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Journal ArticleDOI

Phd by thesis

01 Apr 1988-Nature (Nature Publishing Group)-Vol. 332, Iss: 6166, pp 676-676
TL;DR: In this paper, a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) is presented.
Abstract: Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Content maybe subject to copyright    Report

Citations
More filters
ReportDOI
01 Nov 1990
TL;DR: This report will establish methods for performing a domain analysis and describe the products of the domain analysis process to illustrate the application of domain analysis to a representative class of software systems.
Abstract: : Successful Software reuse requires the systematic discovery and exploitation of commonality across related software systems. By examining related software systems and the underlying theory of the class of systems they represent, domain analysis can provide a generic description of the requirements of that class of systems and a set of approaches for their implementation. This report will establish methods for performing a domain analysis and describe the products of the domain analysis process. To illustrate the application of domain analysis to a representative class of software systems, this report will provide a domain analysis of window management system software.

4,420 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The straw person model (SPM) as mentioned in this paper has been proposed to explain the orientation effects of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and quasars in the line of sight (LOS) images.
Abstract: Because the critical central regions of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and quasars are strongly nonspherical but spatially unresolved, orientation effects have been the source of much confusion. In fact, it now appears that much of the variety in AGN types is just the result of varying orientation relative to the line of sight. We can define an extreme hypothesis,, the straw person model (SPM), in which there are two basic types of AGN: the radio quiets and the radio louds. For each type there is a range in intrinsic luminosity, and the luminosity controls some properties such as the Fanaroff and Riley classes. However, at a given intrinsic luminosity, all other properties such as spectroscopic classification and VLBI component speeds are ascribed to orientation. This model is only a caricature of the unification idea, and is already ruled out on many grounds, but it will be useful for organizing the discussion. I’ll describe what I consider to be convincing evidence that orientation effects are important and widespread. The true situation may be in some sense half way between the SPM and the hypothesis that orientation doesn’t affect classification at aIl. To us optimists, the orienration cup is half full rather than half empty. Although it is too soon to say for sure, the hypothesis that most objects’ classifications would be different if seen from other directions is a tenable one today.

4,005 citations


Cites methods from "Phd by thesis"

  • ...Kay (1990) and Tran et al (1992) have fo und more Seyfert 2s with broad permitted lines in the polarized fl ux, but the FC polarizations are generally much less than that of NGC 1068....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This Review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of microfibrillated cellulose from wood and its application in nanocomposites; the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose and its use as a reinforcing agent; and the biofabrication of bacterial nanocellulose, as well as its evaluation as a biomaterial for medical implants.
Abstract: Cellulose fibrils with widths in the nanometer range are nature-based materials with unique and potentially useful features. Most importantly, these novel nanocelluloses open up the strongly expanding fields of sustainable materials and nanocomposites, as well as medical and life-science devices, to the natural polymer cellulose. The nanodimensions of the structural elements result in a high surface area and hence the powerful interaction of these celluloses with surrounding species, such as water, organic and polymeric compounds, nanoparticles, and living cells. This Review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of microfibrillated cellulose from wood and its application in nanocomposites; the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose and its use as a reinforcing agent; and the biofabrication of bacterial nanocellulose, as well as its evaluation as a biomaterial for medical implants.

3,452 citations


Cites background or methods from "Phd by thesis"

  • ...b) Spheres formed by agitated cultivation with a shaking rate of 80–100 rpm; diameter: 2–3 mm, smooth surface.([181]) c) Tubes...

    [...]

  • ...a) Film prepared in a PP container under static conditions; dimensions: 25 25 cm(2), thickness: 200 mm.([181]) b) Spheres formed by agitated cultivation with a shaking rate of 80–100 rpm; diameter: 2–3 mm, smooth surface....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Arcade Learning Environment (ALE) as discussed by the authors is a platform for evaluating the development of general, domain-independent AI technology, which provides an interface to hundreds of Atari 2600 game environments, each one different, interesting, and designed to be a challenge for human players.
Abstract: In this article we introduce the Arcade Learning Environment (ALE): both a challenge problem and a platform and methodology for evaluating the development of general, domain-independent AI technology. ALE provides an interface to hundreds of Atari 2600 game environments, each one different, interesting, and designed to be a challenge for human players. ALE presents significant research challenges for reinforcement learning, model learning, model-based planning, imitation learning, transfer learning, and intrinsic motivation. Most importantly, it provides a rigorous testbed for evaluating and comparing approaches to these problems. We illustrate the promise of ALE by developing and benchmarking domain-independent agents designed using well-established AI techniques for both reinforcement learning and planning. In doing so, we also propose an evaluation methodology made possible by ALE, reporting empirical results on over 55 different games. All of the software, including the benchmark agents, is publicly available.

2,429 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is a protecting layer formed on the negative electrode of Li-ion batteries as a result of electrolyte decomposition, mainly during the first cycle as discussed by the authors.

2,386 citations

References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Schirmacher et al. as mentioned in this paper derived a quantitative relation between the excess of the density of states (the boson peak) and the wave vector dependence of the Brillouin peak position and width.
Abstract: A theory for the vibrational dynamics in disordered solids [W. Schirmacher, Europhys. Lett. 73, 892 (2006)], based on the random spatial variation of the shear modulus, has been applied to determine the wave vector ($k$) dependence of the Brillouin peak position (${\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{k}$) and width (${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{k}$), as well as the density of vibrational states [$g(\ensuremath{\omega})$], in disordered systems. As a result, we give a firm theoretical ground to the ubiquitous ${k}^{2}$ dependence of ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{k}$ observed in glasses. Moreover, we derive a quantitative relation between the excess of the density of states (the boson peak) and ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{k}$, two quantities that were not considered related before. The successful comparison of this relation with the outcome of experiments and numerical simulations gives further support to the theory.

230 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the photoluminescence lifetime of Er ions for the 4I132-4I152 transition increases substantially, typically from 3 ms up to 7 ms for a sample doped with 2 mol% Er2O3, due to a heat treatment.
Abstract: Highly (up to 4 mol% Er2O3) Er-doped phosphate bulk glasses have been prepared by common glass-melting techniques. Afterwards, a heat treatment was performed on the as-melted samples. The photoluminescence lifetime of Er ions for the 4I132–4I152 transition increases substantially, typically from 3 ms up to 7 ms for a sample doped with 2 mol% Er2O3, due to the heat treatment. The increase of the lifetime is ascribed to a decrease in concentration of hydroxyl groups incorporated in the glass, which is confirmed by IR absorption spectroscopic measurements. The photoluminescence peak intensity also increases because of drying by a factor of 3 to 7 depending on glass composition. Based on electric dipole-dipole interaction theory, the luminescence concentration quenching mechanism by hydroxyl groups is modelled. The model predicts that more than half of the hydroxyl groups in the glass is coupled to Er ions. The influence of the glass structure and role of Al3+ on the Er3+ luminescence is studied by infrared spectroscopy.

229 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the rational homotopy type of a compact manifold M can be described by the moduli space of pseudo holomorphic disks with appropriate Lagrangian boundary conditions in its cotangent bundle T*M.
Abstract: 0. Introduction. Many important works in symplectic geometry and topology are regarded as the symplectization or the quantization of the corresponding results in ordinary geometry and topology. One outstanding example is the celebrated Arnold conjecture which concerns the number of fixed points of a symplectic diffeomorphism or that of intersection points of two Lagrangian submanifolds. The homological version of the conjecture has been proved in various cases (see [Fll-5], [02,3,6], [On] and [PSS], and [07] for a survey and references on the Arnold conjecture and Floer homology). The estimate (in its homological version) predicted by the Arnold conjecture can be regarded as the symplectization or the quantization of the Morse inequality, and conversely the latter can be considered as the semi-classical limit and so a consequence of the former. From now on, we will use the term \"quantization\" for the similar process that appear below. To illustrate this statement, we consider the cotangent bundle of a given compact manifold and the graphs of exact one forms. The graph of an exact one form becomes a Lagrangian submanifold of the cotangent bundle with respect to the canonical symplectic structure. Then Floer's result on the Lagrangian intersections [Fll,3] will imply the Morse inequality. The Lagrangian intersection theory is indeed the intersection theoretic version of the Morse theory, while the Lefsechtz intersection theory is that of the degree theory of generic vector fields. The principle that the symplectic topology and geometry of the cotangent bundle (or more generally that of symplectic manifolds) is the quantization of the ordinary topology and geometry of the base, is a general principle which can be applied to many other situations. The equivalence of the two often holds, when there occurs the absence of the quantum contribution (or the non-existence of the bubbling phenomena). In this paper, we will provide another example of this principle in which we prove that the rational homotopy type of a compact manifold M can be described by the moduli space of pseudo holomorphic disks with appropriate Lagrangian boundary conditions in its cotangent bundle T*M. The precise statement of our result is in Section 1. Our result paves the way to applying the A-structure introduced by the first author [Fu2] to the study of the estimate, in terms of the rational homotopy invariant of the base manifold, of the number of intersections of the zero section in the cotangent bundle and its Hamiltonian deformation. This enables us to go one step further, beyond the existing homological estimate in the literature, towards the proof of the original Arnold conjecture which states that the number of the intersections will be greater than or equal to the Morse number of M. Viterbo [V] and EliashbergGromov [EG] have also studied this kind of estimate using the generating functions of Lagrangian submanifolds.

229 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
12 May 1997
TL;DR: This work addresses the problem of merging multiple textured 3-D data sets, each of which corresponds to a different view of a scene or object, by using a modified version of the Iterative Closest Point algorithm and showing that the use of color decreases registration error by an order of magnitude.
Abstract: In general, multiple views are required to create a complete 3-D model of an object or of a multi-roomed indoor scene. In this work, we address the problem of merging multiple textured 3-D data sets, each of which corresponds to a different view of a scene or object. There are two steps to the merging process: registration and integration. To register, or align, data sets we use a modified version of the Iterative Closest Point algorithm; our version, which we call color ICP, considers not only 3-D information, but color as well. We show that the use of color decreases registration error by an order of magnitude. Once the 3-D data sets have been registered we integrate them to produce a seamless, composite 3-D textured model. Our approach to integration uses a 3-D occupancy grid to represent likelihood of spatial occupancy through voting. In addition to occupancy information, we store surface normal in each voxel of the occupancy grid. Surface normal is used to robustly extract a surface from the occupancy grid; on that surface we blend textures from multiple views.

228 citations