Phd by thesis
TL;DR: In this paper, a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) is presented.
Abstract: Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These
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01 Nov 1990
TL;DR: This report will establish methods for performing a domain analysis and describe the products of the domain analysis process to illustrate the application of domain analysis to a representative class of software systems.
Abstract: : Successful Software reuse requires the systematic discovery and exploitation of commonality across related software systems. By examining related software systems and the underlying theory of the class of systems they represent, domain analysis can provide a generic description of the requirements of that class of systems and a set of approaches for their implementation. This report will establish methods for performing a domain analysis and describe the products of the domain analysis process. To illustrate the application of domain analysis to a representative class of software systems, this report will provide a domain analysis of window management system software.
4,420 citations
TL;DR: The straw person model (SPM) as mentioned in this paper has been proposed to explain the orientation effects of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and quasars in the line of sight (LOS) images.
Abstract: Because the critical central regions of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and quasars are strongly nonspherical but spatially unresolved, orientation effects have been the source of much confusion. In fact, it now appears that much of the variety in AGN types is just the result of varying orientation relative to the line of sight. We can define an extreme hypothesis,, the straw person model (SPM), in which there are two basic types of AGN: the radio quiets and the radio louds. For each type there is a range in intrinsic luminosity, and the luminosity controls some properties such as the Fanaroff and Riley classes. However, at a given intrinsic luminosity, all other properties such as spectroscopic classification and VLBI component speeds are ascribed to orientation. This model is only a caricature of the unification idea, and is already ruled out on many grounds, but it will be useful for organizing the discussion. I’ll describe what I consider to be convincing evidence that orientation effects are important and widespread. The true situation may be in some sense half way between the SPM and the hypothesis that orientation doesn’t affect classification at aIl. To us optimists, the orienration cup is half full rather than half empty. Although it is too soon to say for sure, the hypothesis that most objects’ classifications would be different if seen from other directions is a tenable one today.
4,005 citations
Cites methods from "Phd by thesis"
...Kay (1990) and Tran et al (1992) have fo und more Seyfert 2s with broad permitted lines in the polarized fl ux, but the FC polarizations are generally much less than that of NGC 1068....
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TL;DR: This Review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of microfibrillated cellulose from wood and its application in nanocomposites; the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose and its use as a reinforcing agent; and the biofabrication of bacterial nanocellulose, as well as its evaluation as a biomaterial for medical implants.
Abstract: Cellulose fibrils with widths in the nanometer range are nature-based materials with unique and potentially useful features. Most importantly, these novel nanocelluloses open up the strongly expanding fields of sustainable materials and nanocomposites, as well as medical and life-science devices, to the natural polymer cellulose. The nanodimensions of the structural elements result in a high surface area and hence the powerful interaction of these celluloses with surrounding species, such as water, organic and polymeric compounds, nanoparticles, and living cells. This Review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of microfibrillated cellulose from wood and its application in nanocomposites; the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose and its use as a reinforcing agent; and the biofabrication of bacterial nanocellulose, as well as its evaluation as a biomaterial for medical implants.
3,452 citations
Cites background or methods from "Phd by thesis"
...b) Spheres formed by agitated cultivation with a shaking rate of 80–100 rpm; diameter: 2–3 mm, smooth surface.([181]) c) Tubes...
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...a) Film prepared in a PP container under static conditions; dimensions: 25 25 cm(2), thickness: 200 mm.([181]) b) Spheres formed by agitated cultivation with a shaking rate of 80–100 rpm; diameter: 2–3 mm, smooth surface....
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TL;DR: The Arcade Learning Environment (ALE) as discussed by the authors is a platform for evaluating the development of general, domain-independent AI technology, which provides an interface to hundreds of Atari 2600 game environments, each one different, interesting, and designed to be a challenge for human players.
Abstract: In this article we introduce the Arcade Learning Environment (ALE): both a challenge problem and a platform and methodology for evaluating the development of general, domain-independent AI technology. ALE provides an interface to hundreds of Atari 2600 game environments, each one different, interesting, and designed to be a challenge for human players. ALE presents significant research challenges for reinforcement learning, model learning, model-based planning, imitation learning, transfer learning, and intrinsic motivation. Most importantly, it provides a rigorous testbed for evaluating and comparing approaches to these problems. We illustrate the promise of ALE by developing and benchmarking domain-independent agents designed using well-established AI techniques for both reinforcement learning and planning. In doing so, we also propose an evaluation methodology made possible by ALE, reporting empirical results on over 55 different games. All of the software, including the benchmark agents, is publicly available.
2,429 citations
TL;DR: The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is a protecting layer formed on the negative electrode of Li-ion batteries as a result of electrolyte decomposition, mainly during the first cycle as discussed by the authors.
2,386 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon a μ has been evaluated in the Standard Model without the approximation of a heavy Higgs-boson mass, finding corrections up to 0.2 × 10 − 10 for a light Higgs boson.
186 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the hole spin relaxation dynamics in small ensembles of self-assembled InGaAs quantum dots are measured as a function of external magnetic field and lattice temperature.
Abstract: We report the measurement of extremely slow hole spin relaxation dynamics in small ensembles of self-assembled InGaAs quantum dots. Individual spin oriented holes are optically created in the lowest orbital state of each dot and read out after a defined storage time using spin memory devices. The resulting luminescence signal exhibits a pronounced polarization memory effect that vanishes for long storage times. The hole spin relaxation dynamics are measured as a function of external magnetic field and lattice temperature. We show that hole spin relaxation can occur over remarkably long time scales in strongly confined quantum dots (up to similar to 270 mu s), as predicted by recent theory. Our findings are supported by calculations that reproduce both the observed magnetic field and temperature dependencies. The results suggest that hole spin relaxation in strongly confined quantum dots is due to spin-orbit-mediated phonon scattering between Zeeman levels, in marked contrast to higher-dimensional nanostructures where it is limited by valence band mixing.
186 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Taylor orientation factors for strain hardening in textured and random polycrystals of magnesium were derived from the ratio of the strain-hardening rates of poly-crystals to that of single crystals deforming by equivalent polyslip.
Abstract: Taylor orientation factors for strain hardening in textured and random polycrystals of magnesium were derived from the ratio of the strain hardening rates of polycrystals to that of single crystals deforming by equivalent polyslip. For polycrystals with textures that inhibit basal and prismatic slip while favouring pyramidal polyslip, the Taylor factor is estimated to be between 2.1 and 2.5, increasing to about 4.5 for randomly textured polycrystals. The micromechanics of strain hardening in polycrystals are discussed.
185 citations
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TL;DR: Artin's braid group, B n and its role in knot theory was discussed in this article. But the main focus of this paper is on the topological concept of a braid and of a group of braids via the notion of configuration space.
Abstract: Publisher Summary Crossings are suggested as they are in a picture of a highway overpass on a map The identity braid has a canonical representation in which two strands never cross Multiplication of braids is by juxtaposition, concatenation, isotopy, and rescaling This chapter discusses Artin's braid group, B n and its role in knot theory The chapter illustrates ways in which structure first discovered in the braid groups generalizes to structure in Garside groups, Artin groups and surface mapping class groups Artin's braid group is naturally isomorphic to the mapping class group of an n-times punctured disc The chapter also illustrates the topological concept of a braid and of a group of braids via the notion of a configuration space It then outlines the new developments in the area of B n mapping, thus illustrating how to pass from diffeomorphisms to geometric braids and back again
185 citations