Phd by thesis
TL;DR: In this paper, a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) is presented.
Abstract: Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These
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01 Nov 1990
TL;DR: This report will establish methods for performing a domain analysis and describe the products of the domain analysis process to illustrate the application of domain analysis to a representative class of software systems.
Abstract: : Successful Software reuse requires the systematic discovery and exploitation of commonality across related software systems. By examining related software systems and the underlying theory of the class of systems they represent, domain analysis can provide a generic description of the requirements of that class of systems and a set of approaches for their implementation. This report will establish methods for performing a domain analysis and describe the products of the domain analysis process. To illustrate the application of domain analysis to a representative class of software systems, this report will provide a domain analysis of window management system software.
4,420 citations
TL;DR: The straw person model (SPM) as mentioned in this paper has been proposed to explain the orientation effects of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and quasars in the line of sight (LOS) images.
Abstract: Because the critical central regions of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and quasars are strongly nonspherical but spatially unresolved, orientation effects have been the source of much confusion. In fact, it now appears that much of the variety in AGN types is just the result of varying orientation relative to the line of sight. We can define an extreme hypothesis,, the straw person model (SPM), in which there are two basic types of AGN: the radio quiets and the radio louds. For each type there is a range in intrinsic luminosity, and the luminosity controls some properties such as the Fanaroff and Riley classes. However, at a given intrinsic luminosity, all other properties such as spectroscopic classification and VLBI component speeds are ascribed to orientation. This model is only a caricature of the unification idea, and is already ruled out on many grounds, but it will be useful for organizing the discussion. I’ll describe what I consider to be convincing evidence that orientation effects are important and widespread. The true situation may be in some sense half way between the SPM and the hypothesis that orientation doesn’t affect classification at aIl. To us optimists, the orienration cup is half full rather than half empty. Although it is too soon to say for sure, the hypothesis that most objects’ classifications would be different if seen from other directions is a tenable one today.
4,005 citations
Cites methods from "Phd by thesis"
...Kay (1990) and Tran et al (1992) have fo und more Seyfert 2s with broad permitted lines in the polarized fl ux, but the FC polarizations are generally much less than that of NGC 1068....
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TL;DR: This Review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of microfibrillated cellulose from wood and its application in nanocomposites; the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose and its use as a reinforcing agent; and the biofabrication of bacterial nanocellulose, as well as its evaluation as a biomaterial for medical implants.
Abstract: Cellulose fibrils with widths in the nanometer range are nature-based materials with unique and potentially useful features. Most importantly, these novel nanocelluloses open up the strongly expanding fields of sustainable materials and nanocomposites, as well as medical and life-science devices, to the natural polymer cellulose. The nanodimensions of the structural elements result in a high surface area and hence the powerful interaction of these celluloses with surrounding species, such as water, organic and polymeric compounds, nanoparticles, and living cells. This Review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of microfibrillated cellulose from wood and its application in nanocomposites; the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose and its use as a reinforcing agent; and the biofabrication of bacterial nanocellulose, as well as its evaluation as a biomaterial for medical implants.
3,452 citations
Cites background or methods from "Phd by thesis"
...b) Spheres formed by agitated cultivation with a shaking rate of 80–100 rpm; diameter: 2–3 mm, smooth surface.([181]) c) Tubes...
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...a) Film prepared in a PP container under static conditions; dimensions: 25 25 cm(2), thickness: 200 mm.([181]) b) Spheres formed by agitated cultivation with a shaking rate of 80–100 rpm; diameter: 2–3 mm, smooth surface....
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TL;DR: The Arcade Learning Environment (ALE) as discussed by the authors is a platform for evaluating the development of general, domain-independent AI technology, which provides an interface to hundreds of Atari 2600 game environments, each one different, interesting, and designed to be a challenge for human players.
Abstract: In this article we introduce the Arcade Learning Environment (ALE): both a challenge problem and a platform and methodology for evaluating the development of general, domain-independent AI technology. ALE provides an interface to hundreds of Atari 2600 game environments, each one different, interesting, and designed to be a challenge for human players. ALE presents significant research challenges for reinforcement learning, model learning, model-based planning, imitation learning, transfer learning, and intrinsic motivation. Most importantly, it provides a rigorous testbed for evaluating and comparing approaches to these problems. We illustrate the promise of ALE by developing and benchmarking domain-independent agents designed using well-established AI techniques for both reinforcement learning and planning. In doing so, we also propose an evaluation methodology made possible by ALE, reporting empirical results on over 55 different games. All of the software, including the benchmark agents, is publicly available.
2,429 citations
TL;DR: The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is a protecting layer formed on the negative electrode of Li-ion batteries as a result of electrolyte decomposition, mainly during the first cycle as discussed by the authors.
2,386 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used packing of ellipsoids to approximate the grain structure, coupled with Voronoi tessellation, to reconstruct polycrystalline microstructures.
168 citations
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: This article presents an in-depth study of the denial of service problem in the Internet, and provides a comprehensive survey of attacks and their countermeasures.
Abstract: developments in this area in recent years. In this article, we present an in-depth study of the denial of service problem in the Internet, and provide a comprehensive survey of attacks and their countermeasures. We investigate various DoS attack mechanisms, derive a more practical taxonomy of attack mechanisms, and summarize the challenges in DoS defense. We critically review the state of the art in DoS defense, analyze the strengths and weaknesses of dierent proposals, and conclude a comprehensive taxonomy of various defense mechanisms.
167 citations
TL;DR: A quantitative ratiometric method based on laser scanning confocal microscopic imaging was developed to create a pixel-by-pixel neutral microclimate pH map inside poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres, which displayed a more neutral pH during incubation.
166 citations
15 Jan 2005-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this article, the results of thixoforming with one step, two-step and three-step induction heating regimes are presented and typical defects in poorly-formed material (e.g. liquid segregation, impedance of flow by unrecrystallised grains and porosity) are shown alongside successfully thix-oformed material.
Abstract: Commercially extruded 7075 alloy (extrusion ratio of 16:1) has been used as a feedstock for thixoforming in order to investigate thixoformability of a high performance aluminium alloy. The microstructure in the semi-solid state consists of fine spheroidal solid grains surrounded by liquid. The results of thixoforming with one step, two-step and three-step induction heating regimes are presented. Typical defects in poorly thixoformed material (e.g. liquid segregation, impedance of flow by unrecrystallised grains and porosity) are shown alongside successfully thixoformed material (thixoforming temperature of between 615 and 618 °C with a three-step induction heating regime). The highest yield strength and elongation obtained for material thixoformed into a simple graphite die and heat treated to the T6 condition is 478 MPa and 6.9% elongation. For thixoforming at 615 °C into a tool steel die heated to 250 °C, the highest yield strength and elongation obtained are 474 MPa and 4.7% (ram velocity 2000 mm/s). These values (particularly for strength) are approaching those of 7075 in the wrought heat treated condition (505 MPa and 11% elongation).
166 citations
TL;DR: Recent achievements and predictions on doping-induced superconductivity in covalent semiconductors based on group IV elements, with a focus on boron-doped diamond and silicon are presented and it is suggested that innovative superconducting devices, combining specific properties of diamond or silicon with the maturity of semiconductor-based technologies, will soon be developed.
Abstract: Despite the amount of experimental and theoretical work on doping-induced superconductivity in covalent semiconductors based on group IV elements over the past four years, many open questions and puzzling results remain to be clarified. The nature of the coupling (whether mediated by electronic correlation, phonons or both), the relationship between the doping concentration and the critical temperature (T(c)), which affects the prospects for higher transition temperatures, and the influence of disorder and dopant homogeneity are debated issues that will determine the future of the field. Here, we present recent achievements and predictions, with a focus on boron-doped diamond and silicon. We also suggest that innovative superconducting devices, combining specific properties of diamond or silicon with the maturity of semiconductor-based technologies, will soon be developed.
166 citations