Phd by thesis
TL;DR: In this paper, a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) is presented.
Abstract: Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These
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01 Nov 1990
TL;DR: This report will establish methods for performing a domain analysis and describe the products of the domain analysis process to illustrate the application of domain analysis to a representative class of software systems.
Abstract: : Successful Software reuse requires the systematic discovery and exploitation of commonality across related software systems. By examining related software systems and the underlying theory of the class of systems they represent, domain analysis can provide a generic description of the requirements of that class of systems and a set of approaches for their implementation. This report will establish methods for performing a domain analysis and describe the products of the domain analysis process. To illustrate the application of domain analysis to a representative class of software systems, this report will provide a domain analysis of window management system software.
4,420 citations
TL;DR: The straw person model (SPM) as mentioned in this paper has been proposed to explain the orientation effects of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and quasars in the line of sight (LOS) images.
Abstract: Because the critical central regions of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and quasars are strongly nonspherical but spatially unresolved, orientation effects have been the source of much confusion. In fact, it now appears that much of the variety in AGN types is just the result of varying orientation relative to the line of sight. We can define an extreme hypothesis,, the straw person model (SPM), in which there are two basic types of AGN: the radio quiets and the radio louds. For each type there is a range in intrinsic luminosity, and the luminosity controls some properties such as the Fanaroff and Riley classes. However, at a given intrinsic luminosity, all other properties such as spectroscopic classification and VLBI component speeds are ascribed to orientation. This model is only a caricature of the unification idea, and is already ruled out on many grounds, but it will be useful for organizing the discussion. I’ll describe what I consider to be convincing evidence that orientation effects are important and widespread. The true situation may be in some sense half way between the SPM and the hypothesis that orientation doesn’t affect classification at aIl. To us optimists, the orienration cup is half full rather than half empty. Although it is too soon to say for sure, the hypothesis that most objects’ classifications would be different if seen from other directions is a tenable one today.
4,005 citations
Cites methods from "Phd by thesis"
...Kay (1990) and Tran et al (1992) have fo und more Seyfert 2s with broad permitted lines in the polarized fl ux, but the FC polarizations are generally much less than that of NGC 1068....
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TL;DR: This Review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of microfibrillated cellulose from wood and its application in nanocomposites; the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose and its use as a reinforcing agent; and the biofabrication of bacterial nanocellulose, as well as its evaluation as a biomaterial for medical implants.
Abstract: Cellulose fibrils with widths in the nanometer range are nature-based materials with unique and potentially useful features. Most importantly, these novel nanocelluloses open up the strongly expanding fields of sustainable materials and nanocomposites, as well as medical and life-science devices, to the natural polymer cellulose. The nanodimensions of the structural elements result in a high surface area and hence the powerful interaction of these celluloses with surrounding species, such as water, organic and polymeric compounds, nanoparticles, and living cells. This Review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of microfibrillated cellulose from wood and its application in nanocomposites; the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose and its use as a reinforcing agent; and the biofabrication of bacterial nanocellulose, as well as its evaluation as a biomaterial for medical implants.
3,452 citations
Cites background or methods from "Phd by thesis"
...b) Spheres formed by agitated cultivation with a shaking rate of 80–100 rpm; diameter: 2–3 mm, smooth surface.([181]) c) Tubes...
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...a) Film prepared in a PP container under static conditions; dimensions: 25 25 cm(2), thickness: 200 mm.([181]) b) Spheres formed by agitated cultivation with a shaking rate of 80–100 rpm; diameter: 2–3 mm, smooth surface....
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TL;DR: The Arcade Learning Environment (ALE) as discussed by the authors is a platform for evaluating the development of general, domain-independent AI technology, which provides an interface to hundreds of Atari 2600 game environments, each one different, interesting, and designed to be a challenge for human players.
Abstract: In this article we introduce the Arcade Learning Environment (ALE): both a challenge problem and a platform and methodology for evaluating the development of general, domain-independent AI technology. ALE provides an interface to hundreds of Atari 2600 game environments, each one different, interesting, and designed to be a challenge for human players. ALE presents significant research challenges for reinforcement learning, model learning, model-based planning, imitation learning, transfer learning, and intrinsic motivation. Most importantly, it provides a rigorous testbed for evaluating and comparing approaches to these problems. We illustrate the promise of ALE by developing and benchmarking domain-independent agents designed using well-established AI techniques for both reinforcement learning and planning. In doing so, we also propose an evaluation methodology made possible by ALE, reporting empirical results on over 55 different games. All of the software, including the benchmark agents, is publicly available.
2,429 citations
TL;DR: The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is a protecting layer formed on the negative electrode of Li-ion batteries as a result of electrolyte decomposition, mainly during the first cycle as discussed by the authors.
2,386 citations
References
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TL;DR: A new linear gyrokinetic MHD code has been developed and tested, LIGKA, that allows not only for growing or damped eigenvalues but also for a change in mode-structure of the magnetic perturbation due to the energetic particles and background kinetic effects.
117 citations
Stockholm University1, Texas A&M University2, California Institute of Technology3, Carnegie Learning4, University of Oslo5, INAF6, University of Copenhagen7, University of the Basque Country8, Spanish National Research Council9, University of California, Santa Barbara10, Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network11, Aarhus University12, Queen's University Belfast13, Carnegie Institution for Science14, Weizmann Institute of Science15, University of Turku16, University of California, Berkeley17, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory18, Instituto Superior Técnico19, University of Southampton20, University of Belgrade21, Chalmers University of Technology22
TL;DR: In this article, ultraviolet (UV) observations of six nearby Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope, three of which were also observed in the near-IR (NIR) with Wide-Field Camera 3.
Abstract: We present ultraviolet (UV) observations of six nearby Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope, three of which were also observed in the near-IR (NIR) with Wide-Field Camera 3. UV observations with the Swift satellite, as well as ground-based optical and NIR data provide complementary information. The combined data set covers the wavelength range 0.2–2 μm. By also including archival data of SN 2014J, we analyse a sample spanning observed colour excesses up to E(B − V) = 1.4 mag. We study the wavelength-dependent extinction of each individual SN and find a diversity of reddening laws when characterized by the total-to-selective extinction RV. In particular, we note that for the two SNe with E(B − V) ≳ 1 mag, for which the colour excess is dominated by dust extinction, we find RV = 1.4 ± 0.1 and RV = 2.8 ± 0.1. Adding UV photometry reduces the uncertainty of fitted RV by ∼50 per cent allowing us to also measure RV of individual low-extinction objects which point to a similar diversity, currently not accounted for in the analyses when SNe Ia are used for studying the expansion history of the Universe.
117 citations
TL;DR: Measurement of the conductivity of Laponite solutions in pure water shows that the contribution of counterions in the ionic strength is considerable and their role should be taken into account in interpretations of aging dynamics and the phase diagram.
Abstract: We study the time evolution of different Laponite suspensions from a low-viscosity ergodic state to a viscoelastic nonergodic state over a wide range of volume fractions and salt contents. We find that the evolution of nonergodicity parameter (Debye-Waller factor) splits into two branches for all the samples, which correspond to two distinct dynamically arrested states. At moderately high salt concentrations, on the other hand, a third nonergodic state appears that is different from the above two nonergodic states. Measurement of the conductivity of Laponite solutions in pure water shows that the contribution of counterions in the ionic strength is considerable and their role should be taken into account in interpretations of aging dynamics and the phase diagram. Based on these data and available data in the literature, we propose a (nonequilibrium) phase diagram for Laponite suspensions.
116 citations
03 Oct 1999
TL;DR: An agent programming language Nomadic Pict is introduced, designed to allow infrastructure algorithms to be expressed as clearly as possible, as translations from a high-level language to a low level.
Abstract: We study the distributed infrastructures required for location-independent communication between migrating agents. These infrastructures are problematic: different applications may have very different patterns of migration and communication, and require different performance and robustness properties; algorithms must be designed with these in mind. To study this problem we introduce an agent programming language Nomadic Pict. It is designed to allow infrastructure algorithms to be expressed as clearly as possible, as translations from a high-level language to a low level. The levels are based on rigorously-defined process calculi, they provide sharp levels of abstraction. We describe the language and use it to develop an infrastructure for an example application. The language and examples have been implemented; we conclude with a description of the compiler and runtime.
116 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, high density, transparent, crack-free and hard compacts of silica gel were produced by compaction under nearly hydrostatic environment at 4.5 GPa, at room temperature.
Abstract: High density, transparent, crack-free and hard compacts of silica gel were produced by compaction under nearly hydrostatic environment at 4.5 GPa, at room temperature. The starting material was used three days after synthesis by hydrolysis of alkoxides without additional treatment. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), using the KBr technique and a high vacuum cell at temperatures up to 450°C, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) up to 900°C was conducted. A reduction up to 60% in the adsorbed water content of the compacted silica gel was observed. Changes in the 3000 to 3800 cm−1 region indicate that the surface silanol groups became bridged, which promotes condensation reactions of dehydroxylation. Those results suggest that the mechanism for consolidation under high-pressure, is ‘cold sintering’ process, where silanol groups at the surface of the nanoparticles condense to form siloxane bonds between the particles and water, resulting in a stiff body with closed nanopores containing trapped water.
116 citations