Phd by thesis
TL;DR: In this paper, a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) is presented.
Abstract: Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These
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01 Nov 1990
TL;DR: This report will establish methods for performing a domain analysis and describe the products of the domain analysis process to illustrate the application of domain analysis to a representative class of software systems.
Abstract: : Successful Software reuse requires the systematic discovery and exploitation of commonality across related software systems. By examining related software systems and the underlying theory of the class of systems they represent, domain analysis can provide a generic description of the requirements of that class of systems and a set of approaches for their implementation. This report will establish methods for performing a domain analysis and describe the products of the domain analysis process. To illustrate the application of domain analysis to a representative class of software systems, this report will provide a domain analysis of window management system software.
4,420 citations
TL;DR: The straw person model (SPM) as mentioned in this paper has been proposed to explain the orientation effects of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and quasars in the line of sight (LOS) images.
Abstract: Because the critical central regions of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and quasars are strongly nonspherical but spatially unresolved, orientation effects have been the source of much confusion. In fact, it now appears that much of the variety in AGN types is just the result of varying orientation relative to the line of sight. We can define an extreme hypothesis,, the straw person model (SPM), in which there are two basic types of AGN: the radio quiets and the radio louds. For each type there is a range in intrinsic luminosity, and the luminosity controls some properties such as the Fanaroff and Riley classes. However, at a given intrinsic luminosity, all other properties such as spectroscopic classification and VLBI component speeds are ascribed to orientation. This model is only a caricature of the unification idea, and is already ruled out on many grounds, but it will be useful for organizing the discussion. I’ll describe what I consider to be convincing evidence that orientation effects are important and widespread. The true situation may be in some sense half way between the SPM and the hypothesis that orientation doesn’t affect classification at aIl. To us optimists, the orienration cup is half full rather than half empty. Although it is too soon to say for sure, the hypothesis that most objects’ classifications would be different if seen from other directions is a tenable one today.
4,005 citations
Cites methods from "Phd by thesis"
...Kay (1990) and Tran et al (1992) have fo und more Seyfert 2s with broad permitted lines in the polarized fl ux, but the FC polarizations are generally much less than that of NGC 1068....
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TL;DR: This Review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of microfibrillated cellulose from wood and its application in nanocomposites; the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose and its use as a reinforcing agent; and the biofabrication of bacterial nanocellulose, as well as its evaluation as a biomaterial for medical implants.
Abstract: Cellulose fibrils with widths in the nanometer range are nature-based materials with unique and potentially useful features. Most importantly, these novel nanocelluloses open up the strongly expanding fields of sustainable materials and nanocomposites, as well as medical and life-science devices, to the natural polymer cellulose. The nanodimensions of the structural elements result in a high surface area and hence the powerful interaction of these celluloses with surrounding species, such as water, organic and polymeric compounds, nanoparticles, and living cells. This Review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of microfibrillated cellulose from wood and its application in nanocomposites; the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose and its use as a reinforcing agent; and the biofabrication of bacterial nanocellulose, as well as its evaluation as a biomaterial for medical implants.
3,452 citations
Cites background or methods from "Phd by thesis"
...b) Spheres formed by agitated cultivation with a shaking rate of 80–100 rpm; diameter: 2–3 mm, smooth surface.([181]) c) Tubes...
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...a) Film prepared in a PP container under static conditions; dimensions: 25 25 cm(2), thickness: 200 mm.([181]) b) Spheres formed by agitated cultivation with a shaking rate of 80–100 rpm; diameter: 2–3 mm, smooth surface....
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TL;DR: The Arcade Learning Environment (ALE) as discussed by the authors is a platform for evaluating the development of general, domain-independent AI technology, which provides an interface to hundreds of Atari 2600 game environments, each one different, interesting, and designed to be a challenge for human players.
Abstract: In this article we introduce the Arcade Learning Environment (ALE): both a challenge problem and a platform and methodology for evaluating the development of general, domain-independent AI technology. ALE provides an interface to hundreds of Atari 2600 game environments, each one different, interesting, and designed to be a challenge for human players. ALE presents significant research challenges for reinforcement learning, model learning, model-based planning, imitation learning, transfer learning, and intrinsic motivation. Most importantly, it provides a rigorous testbed for evaluating and comparing approaches to these problems. We illustrate the promise of ALE by developing and benchmarking domain-independent agents designed using well-established AI techniques for both reinforcement learning and planning. In doing so, we also propose an evaluation methodology made possible by ALE, reporting empirical results on over 55 different games. All of the software, including the benchmark agents, is publicly available.
2,429 citations
TL;DR: The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is a protecting layer formed on the negative electrode of Li-ion batteries as a result of electrolyte decomposition, mainly during the first cycle as discussed by the authors.
2,386 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the electromagnetic form factor of the nucleon in the Poincar\'e-covariant Faddeev framework based on the Dyson-Schwinger equations of QCD was derived.
Abstract: We compute the electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon in the Poincar\'e-covariant Faddeev framework based on the Dyson-Schwinger equations of QCD. The general expression for a baryon's electromagnetic current in terms of three interacting dressed quarks is derived. Upon employing a rainbow-ladder gluon-exchange kernel for the quark-quark interaction, the nucleon's Faddeev amplitude and electromagnetic form factors are computed without any further truncations or model assumptions. The form-factor results show clear evidence of missing pion-cloud effects below a photon momentum transfer of $\ensuremath{\sim}2\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{GeV}}^{2}$ and in the chiral region, whereas they agree well with experimental data at higher photon momenta. Thus, the approach reflects the properties of the nucleon's quark core.
114 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the quantum fisher information under the Unruh-Hawking effect, where one of the observers (eg, Rob) is uniformly accelerated with respect to other partners.
Abstract: We investigate the performance of quantum fisher information under the Unruh-Hawking effect, where one of the observers (eg, Rob) is uniformly accelerated with respect to other partners. In the context of relativistic quantum information theory, we demonstrate that quantum fisher information, as an important measure of the information content of quantum states, has a rich and subtle physical structure comparing with entanglement or Bell nonlocality. In this work, we mainly focus on the parameterized (and arbitrary) pure two-qubit states, where the weight parameter $\theta$ and phase parameter $\phi$ are naturally introduced. Intriguingly, we prove that $\mathcal{F}_\theta$ keeps unchanged for both scalar and Dirac fields. Meanwhile, we observe that $\mathcal{F}_\phi$ decreases with the increase of acceleration $r$ but remains finite in the limit of infinite acceleration. More importantly, our results show that the symmetry of $\mathcal{F}_\phi$ (with respect to $\theta=\pi/4$) has been broken by the influence of Unruh effect for both cases.
114 citations
TL;DR: This work achieves remarkable accuracy in a scan of 762 mutations estimating changes in protein thermostability based on the first principles of statistical mechanics, which enables accurate free‐energy estimates for diverse proteins, including the prediction of changes in the melting temperature of the membrane protein neurotensin receptor.
Abstract: The prediction of mutation-induced free-energy changes in protein thermostability or protein-protein binding is of particular interest in the fields of protein design, biotechnology, and bioengineering. Herein, we achieve remarkable accuracy in a scan of 762 mutations estimating changes in protein thermostability based on the first principles of statistical mechanics. The remaining error in the free-energy estimates appears to be due to three sources in approximately equal parts, namely sampling, force-field inaccuracies, and experimental uncertainty. We propose a consensus force-field approach, which, together with an increased sampling time, leads to a free-energy prediction accuracy that matches those reached in experiments. This versatile approach enables accurate free-energy estimates for diverse proteins, including the prediction of changes in the melting temperature of the membrane protein neurotensin receptor 1.
113 citations
TL;DR: In this article, near-infrared integral field spectroscopy of the luminous merging galaxy NGC 6240 has been performed, showing that the dynamical masses of the nuclei are much larger than the stellar mass derived from the K-band light, implying that the progenitor galaxies were galaxies with massive bulges.
Abstract: We report near-infrared integral field spectroscopy of the luminous merging galaxy NGC 6240. Stellar velocities show that the two K-band peaks separated by 16 are the central parts of inclined, rotating disk galaxies with equal mass bulges. The dynamical masses of the nuclei are much larger than the stellar mass derived from the K-band light, implying that the progenitor galaxies were galaxies with massive bulges. The K-band light is dominated by red supergiants formed in the two nuclei in starbursts, triggered ≈2 × 107 yr ago, possibly by the most recent perigalactic approach. Strong feedback effects of a superwind and supernovae are responsible for a short duration burst (≈5 × 106 yr) that is already decaying. The two galaxies form a prograde-retrograde rotating system and from the stellar velocity field it seems that one of the two interacting galaxies is subject to a prograde encounter. Between the stellar nuclei is a prominent peak of molecular gas (H2, CO). The stellar velocity dispersion peaks there indicating that the gas has formed a local, self-gravitating concentration decoupled from the stellar gravitational potential. NGC 6240 has previously been reported to fit the paradigm of an elliptical galaxy formed through the merger of two galaxies. This was based on the near-infrared light distribution, which follows a r1/4-law. Our data cast strong doubt on this conclusion: the system is by far not relaxed, rotation plays an important role, as does self-gravitating gas, and the near-infrared light is dominated by young stars.
113 citations
01 Dec 1995
TL;DR: An incremental algorithm for collision detection between general polygonal models in dynamic environments is presented, which combines a hierarchical representation with incremental computation to rapidly detect collisions.
Abstract: Fast and accurate collision detection between general polygonal models is a fundamental problem in physically based and geometric modeling, robotics, animation, and computer-simulated environments. Most earlier collision detection algorithms are either restricted to a class of models (such as convex polytopes) or are not fast enough for practical applications. We present an incremental algorithm for collision detection between general polygonal models in dynamic environments. The algorithm combines a hierarchical representation with incremental computation to rapidly detect collisions. It makes use of coherence between successive instances to efficiently determine the number of object features interacting. For each pair of objects, it tracks the closest features between them on their respective convex hulls. It detects the objects' penetration using pseudo internal Voronoi cells and constructs the penetration region, thus identifying the regions of contact on the convex hulls. The features associated with these regions are represented in a precomputed hierarchy. The algorithm uses a coherence based approach to quickly traverse the precomputed hierarchy and check for possible collisions between the features. We highlight its performance on different applications. Index Terms—Collision detection, contacts, interference, dynamic simulation, physically based modeling, convex hulls, hierarchical representation. —————————— ✦ —————————— 1I NTRODUCTION realistic visual simulation system, which couples geometric modeling and physical prototyping, can provide a useful toolset for applications in robotics, CAD/CAM design, molecular modeling, manufacturing design simulations, etc. Such systems create electronic rep- resentations of mechanical parts, tools, and machines, which need to be tested for interconnectivity, functionality, and reliability. The goal of these virtual and electronic simula- tion systems is to save processing time and manufacturing costs by avoiding the production of actual physical proto- types (1), (2). This is similar to the goal of CAD tools for VLSI. It requires a complete test environment for simulat- ing hundreds of parts interacting.
113 citations