Phosphatidylserine-containing liposomes suppress inflammatory bone loss by ameliorating the cytokine imbalance provoked by infiltrated macrophages.
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...Furthermore, recent studies have shown that liposome administration can alter macrophage phenotype in vivo in part by induction of ERK signaling after ingestion (53, 54)....
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...[77] suggests that this effect is due to increased IL-10 production by macrophages....
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...In vivo, PSLs have been described to promote the resolution of inflammation by modulating macrophage function in a model for inflammatory bone loss and myocardial infarction [31,33]....
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...In vitro, clearance of apoptotic cells and PSLs skews macrophages towards a tolerogenic phenotype [21,23,29-35]....
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"Phosphatidylserine-containing lipos..." refers result in this paper
...These observations are consistent with previous observations that PSLs induce ERK, but not p38 MAPK activity in primary cultured rat microglia(13) and macrophages.(44) Therefore, it is reasonable to consider that lysosomal proteolytic functions are involved in LPS-induced MAPKs activity following phagocytosis of PSLs....
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