Phosphatidylserine-dependent ingestion of apoptotic cells promotes TGF-β1 secretion and the resolution of inflammation
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2,242 citations
Cites background from "Phosphatidylserine-dependent ingest..."
...In particular, strong in vitro and in vivo evidenc...
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2,084 citations
1,903 citations
Cites background from "Phosphatidylserine-dependent ingest..."
...The direct removal of inflammatory cells as well as the induction of anti-inflammatory TGF- following apoptotic cell removal [20] contribute to this effect....
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1,664 citations
Cites background from "Phosphatidylserine-dependent ingest..."
...mediators and stimulate secretion of TGFβ1 and IL-10 by inflammatory MPs (43-46)....
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...indicate that phagocytosis of mpc debris induced a switch of MP phenotype toward an antiinflammatory profile, as previously shown for other cell types (43-46)....
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1,626 citations
References
3,782 citations
"Phosphatidylserine-dependent ingest..." refers background in this paper
...IL-10 production in response to apoptotic cells has been reported (54), especially in the presence of serum factors (31)....
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3,344 citations
"Phosphatidylserine-dependent ingest..." refers background in this paper
...Most recently, the aminophospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) has been implicated as an important ligand for clearance (1)....
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3,010 citations
"Phosphatidylserine-dependent ingest..." refers background in this paper
...While apoptotic neutrophils are likely the dominant cells being removed endogenously, this cell type was avoided because of the potential for introducing additional proinflammatory proteases (34), unaccounted sources of TGF-β1 (18, 20), and exogenous neutrophils that would interfere with using neutrophils as a marker of inflammation....
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...The TGF-β1 production in response to inflammatory insult concurred with published reports of in vitro and in vivo research (18, 49, 50), but its role is controversial....
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3,010 citations
"Phosphatidylserine-dependent ingest..." refers background in this paper
...Classically, TGF-β1 is thought to be an important anti-inflammatory mediator, in that TGF-β1–null mice (51) and mice deficient in various TGF-β1 receptors and activators (46) exhibit persistent inflammation....
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2,978 citations
"Phosphatidylserine-dependent ingest..." refers background or result in this paper
...7 and J774), and bone marrow–derived macrophages, as well as fibroblasts and mammary epithelial cells (4, 16, 17)....
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...tion from macrophages when stimulated by in vitro uptake of apoptotic cells (16), we examined here the effects of in vivo apoptotic cell clearance on inflammation....
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...We have also questioned whether it is involved in the resolution of ongoing inflammatory responses, wherein apoptosis of inflammatory cells in the lesion (in particular, the short-lived neutrophils) leads to their removal by incoming mononuclear phagocytes (16), and consequent production of anti-inflammatory mediators such as TGF-β....
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..., GM-CSF, MIP2, IL-1α, KC, IL-8, and TNF-α), and eicosanoids (16, 17)....
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...An alternative explanation that immune complexes between TGF-β and its antibody actively overcame the inhibition seems unlikely based on low concentrations (in absolute terms) and previous studies on TGF-β1 effects in vitro (4, 16, 17)....
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