Phosphorylation of an ERF Transcription Factor by Arabidopsis MPK3/MPK6 Regulates Plant Defense Gene Induction and Fungal Resistance
Xiangzong Meng,Juan Xu,Yunxia He,Kwang-Yeol Yang,Breanne Mordorski,Yidong Liu,Shuqun Zhang,Shuqun Zhang +7 more
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TLDR
It is concluded that ERF6, another substrate of MPK3 and MPK6, plays important roles downstream of theMPK3/MPK6 cascade in regulating plant defense against fungal pathogens.Abstract:
Arabidopsis thaliana MPK3 and MPK6, two mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs or MPKs), play critical roles in plant disease resistance by regulating multiple defense responses. Previously, we characterized the regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis by Arabidopsis MPK3/MPK6 cascade and its downstream WRKY33 transcription factor. Here, we report another substrate of MPK3/MPK6, ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR6 (ERF6), in regulating Arabidopsis defense gene expression and resistance to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Phosphorylation of ERF6 by MPK3/MPK6 in either the gain-of-function transgenic plants or in response to B. cinerea infection increases ERF6 protein stability in vivo. Phospho-mimicking ERF6 is able to constitutively activate defense-related genes, especially those related to fungal resistance, including PDF1.1 and PDF1.2, and confers enhanced resistance to B. cinerea. By contrast, expression of ERF6-EAR, in which ERF6 was fused to the ERF-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif, strongly suppresses B. cinerea–induced defense gene expression, leading to hypersusceptibility of the ERF6-EAR transgenic plants to B. cinerea. Different from ERF1, the regulation and function of ERF6 in defensin gene activation is independent of ethylene. Based on these data, we conclude that ERF6, another substrate of MPK3 and MPK6, plays important roles downstream of the MPK3/MPK6 cascade in regulating plant defense against fungal pathogens.read more
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MAPK cascades in plant disease resistance signaling.
Xiangzong Meng,Shuqun Zhang +1 more
TL;DR: Recent advances in the identification of upstream receptors/sensors and downstream MAPK substrates revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying MAPK functions in plant disease resistance and emerged as battlegrounds of plant-pathogen interactions.
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Signaling Mechanisms in Pattern-Triggered Immunity (PTI)
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the complex network of signaling pathways occurring during PTI, focusing on the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases, and discuss the role of the kinases in the defense against pathogen attacks.
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Ethylene Response Factors: A Key Regulatory Hub in Hormone and Stress Signaling
Maren Müller,Sergi Munné-Bosch +1 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that ERFs act as a key regulatory hub, integrating ethylene, abscisic acid, jasmonate, and redox signaling in the plant response to a number of abiotic stresses.
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The Pivotal Role of Ethylene in Plant Growth
TL;DR: This review focuses on how ethylene regulates shoot growth, with an emphasis on leaves, and alters the expression of ethylene response factors (ERFs) provides a new strategy for targeted ethylene-response engineering.
Journal ArticleDOI
AP2/ERF Transcription Factor Regulatory Networks in Hormone and Abiotic Stress Responses in Arabidopsis.
TL;DR: This review summarizes recent studies on AP2/ERF transcription factors in hormonal and abiotic stress responses with an emphasis on selected family members in Arabidopsis, providing context and important clues about the roles of diverse AP1/ERFs in controlling hormone and stress responses.
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