Photoacoustic microscopy: Photoacoustic microscopy
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...Relying on the tight optical focus, the penetration of an OR-PAM system is limited to about one transport mean free path in tissue (∼1 mm).(12,63,64) However, by using longer wavelength laser pulses, which have longer transport mean free paths, the penetration limit can be increased....
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Cites background from "Photoacoustic microscopy: Photoacou..."
...hemoglobin [10]; ICG, indocyanine green [142]; IRDye800, near-infrared Dye800...
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...Comprehensive details about PAM characterizations and biomedical applications can be found in previous Review articles [1,10], and a summary of the scalable imaging performance of representative PAM systems is shown in Fig....
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...PAM typically employs raster-scanning of its optical and acoustic foci and forms images directly from acquired depth-resolved signals [10]....
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...Roughly, the reported NEC is on the level of millimolar for microbubbles, micromolar for organic dyes, picomolar for nanoparticles, and nanomolar for fluorescent proteins [10]....
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290 citations
References
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"Photoacoustic microscopy: Photoacou..." refers background in this paper
...Hypermetabolism is a hallmark of all kinds of cancers [129, 161]....
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...In particular, hypoxia is a hallmark of late stage cancers [129]....
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28,811 citations
"Photoacoustic microscopy: Photoacou..." refers background in this paper
...Hypermetabolism is a hallmark of all kinds of cancers [129, 161]....
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3,518 citations
"Photoacoustic microscopy: Photoacou..." refers background or methods in this paper
...It has been shown that the maximum imaging depth of PAM is approximately proportional to its lateral resolution [3]....
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...Distinct from reconstruction-based PA computed tomography (PACT) [24–31], the other major implementation of PAT, PAM employs raster-scanning of optical and acoustic foci and forms images directly from acquired depth-resolved signals [3]....
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...The scalability of PAM originates from its optical and acoustic focusing [3]....
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...88vA/ ΔfA, which is based on the assumption that the PA response to a point target follows a Gaussian frequency profile [3]....
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...PAM has achieved spatial resolution ranging from sub-micrometer to submillimeter, at maximum imaging depths ranging from a few hundred micrometers to a few millimeters [3, 6]....
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...More studies are still needed to assess their short-term toxicity and long-term effects of accumulation and chronic exposure [118, 119]....
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