Photocatalytic NH3 Splitting on TiO2 Particles Decorated with Pt–Au Bimetallic Alloy Nanoparticles
16 Jan 2020-Vol. 3, Iss: 2, pp 1612-1620
TL;DR: In this paper, photocatalytic splitting of aqueous NH3 into H2 and N2 on semiconductor powders is an important reaction toward on-site production of H2 from NH3, a promising hydrogen carrier for sustainable energy.
Abstract: Photocatalytic splitting of aqueous NH3 into H2 and N2 on semiconductor powders is an important reaction toward on-site production of H2 from NH3, a promising hydrogen carrier for sustainable energ...
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TL;DR: In this article, the formation of Au/TiO2(1/0/1) interfaces with different exposed facets was found to reduce the height of Schottky barrier and enhance the transfer of conduction band (CB) electrons from TiO2 to Au cocatalysts.
116 citations
01 Jan 2021
TL;DR: In this article, the typical applications of semiconductor/bimetallic NPs-based composites in photoredox catalysis, including hydrogen evolution, carbon dioxide reduction, selective organic synthesis and environmental remediation are summarized.
Abstract: Semiconductor photocatalysis is considered as a cutting-edge research topic for the production of value-added fuels and chemicals to confront the global energy crisis. In order to improve the solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency of pristine semiconductors, combining them with cocatalysts to form heterostructures has been extensively investigated. Among studied formulations, bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs), featuring enhanced light harvesting, efficient capture of photogenerated electrons and abundant surface active sites are ideal cocatalysts to improve the photocatalytic performance of semiconductor-based photocatalysts. In this review, we begin with a concise overview of representative synthesis and characterization methods of bimetallic NPs. Then, we predominantly summarize the typical applications of semiconductor/bimetallic NPs-based composites in photoredox catalysis, including hydrogen evolution, carbon dioxide reduction, selective organic synthesis and environmental remediation. In particular, we highlight the regulatory effects of parameters of bimetallic NPs (composition, structure, morphology, size, atomic arrangement, loading position, etc.) on the photocatalytic activity and selectivity. Finally, the remaining challenges and future perspectives for the utilization of bimetallic NPs in photoredox catalysis are discussed and anticipated to stimulate the sparkling ideas in the construction of high-efficiency semiconductor/bimetallic NPs-based photocatalytic systems.
106 citations
18 Dec 2020
27 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the development of efficient semiconductor photocatalytic materials is presented, which is a promising approach to solving environmental and energy problems worldwide, and they categorize advanced modifications in electronic states of Ti3+-self-doped TiO2 (Ti3+−TiO2) by improving their photocatalysis activity.
Abstract: Research into the development of efficient semiconductor photocatalytic materials is a promising approach to solving environmental and energy problems worldwide. Among these materials, TiO2 photocatalysts are one of the most commonly used due to their efficient photoactivity, high stability, low cost and environmental friendliness. However, since the UV content of sunlight is less than 5%, the development of visible light-activated TiO2-based photocatalysts is essential to increase the solar energy efficiency. Here, we review recent works on advanced visible light-activated Ti3+-self-doped TiO2 (Ti3+–TiO2) photocatalysts with improved electronic band structures for efficient charge separation. We analyze the different methods used to produce Ti3+–TiO2 photocatalysts, where Ti3+ with a high oxygen defect density can be used for energy production from visible light. We categorize advanced modifications in electronic states of Ti3+–TiO2 by improving their photocatalytic activity. Ti3+–TiO2 photocatalysts with large charge separation and low recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes can be practically applied for energy conversion and advanced oxidation processes in natural environments and deserve significant attention.
25 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors proposed a novel and deep insights into the design and fabrication of practical photocatalysts with high catalytic activity and controllable selectivity to perform efficient CO 2 photoconversion.
13 citations
References
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TL;DR: This critical review shows the basis of photocatalytic water splitting and experimental points, and surveys heterogeneous photocatalyst materials for water splitting into H2 and O2, and H2 or O2 evolution from an aqueous solution containing a sacrificial reagent.
Abstract: This critical review shows the basis of photocatalytic water splitting and experimental points, and surveys heterogeneous photocatalyst materials for water splitting into H2 and O2, and H2 or O2 evolution from an aqueous solution containing a sacrificial reagent Many oxides consisting of metal cations with d0 and d10 configurations, metal (oxy)sulfide and metal (oxy)nitride photocatalysts have been reported, especially during the latest decade The fruitful photocatalyst library gives important information on factors affecting photocatalytic performances and design of new materials Photocatalytic water splitting and H2 evolution using abundant compounds as electron donors are expected to contribute to construction of a clean and simple system for solar hydrogen production, and a solution of global energy and environmental issues in the future (361 references)
8,850 citations
TL;DR: The biggest challenge is whether or not the goals need to be met to fully utilize solar energy for the global energy demand can be met in a costeffective way on the terawatt scale.
Abstract: Energy harvested directly from sunlight offers a desirable approach toward fulfilling, with minimal environmental impact, the need for clean energy. Solar energy is a decentralized and inexhaustible natural resource, with the magnitude of the available solar power striking the earth’s surface at any one instant equal to 130 million 500 MW power plants.1 However, several important goals need to be met to fully utilize solar energy for the global energy demand. First, the means for solar energy conversion, storage, and distribution should be environmentally benign, i.e. protecting ecosystems instead of steadily weakening them. The next important goal is to provide a stable, constant energy flux. Due to the daily and seasonal variability in renewable energy sources such as sunlight, energy harvested from the sun needs to be efficiently converted into chemical fuel that can be stored, transported, and used upon demand. The biggest challenge is whether or not these goals can be met in a costeffective way on the terawatt scale.2
8,037 citations
TL;DR: Approaches to Modifying the Electronic Band Structure for Visible-Light Harvesting and its Applications d0 Metal Oxide Photocatalysts 6518 4.4.1.
Abstract: 2.3. Evaluation of Photocatalytic Water Splitting 6507 2.3.1. Photocatalytic Activity 6507 2.3.2. Photocatalytic Stability 6507 3. UV-Active Photocatalysts for Water Splitting 6507 3.1. d0 Metal Oxide Photocatalyts 6507 3.1.1. Ti-, Zr-Based Oxides 6507 3.1.2. Nb-, Ta-Based Oxides 6514 3.1.3. W-, Mo-Based Oxides 6517 3.1.4. Other d0 Metal Oxides 6518 3.2. d10 Metal Oxide Photocatalyts 6518 3.3. f0 Metal Oxide Photocatalysts 6518 3.4. Nonoxide Photocatalysts 6518 4. Approaches to Modifying the Electronic Band Structure for Visible-Light Harvesting 6519
6,332 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of recent developments in particulate photocatalysts for overall water splitting based on one-and two-step photoexcitation systems is presented, which is a promising approach to large-scale solar hydrogen production.
Abstract: Overall water splitting using powdered photocatalysts is a promising approach to large-scale solar hydrogen production. This Review details recent developments in particulate photocatalysts for overall water splitting based on one- and two-step photoexcitation systems.
1,283 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the photocatalyst sheet design enables efficient and scalable water splitting using particulate semiconductors, which is a potentially scalable and economically feasible technology for converting solar energy into hydrogen.
Abstract: Photocatalytic water splitting using semiconductors is attractive for converting solar energy into hydrogen. An efficient and scalable system based on particulate photocatalyst sheets is now shown to exhibit energy conversion efficiency exceeding 1%. Photocatalytic water splitting using particulate semiconductors is a potentially scalable and economically feasible technology for converting solar energy into hydrogen1,2,3. Z-scheme systems based on two-step photoexcitation of a hydrogen evolution photocatalyst (HEP) and an oxygen evolution photocatalyst (OEP) are suited to harvesting of sunlight because semiconductors with either water reduction or oxidation activity can be applied to the water splitting reaction4,5. However, it is challenging to achieve efficient transfer of electrons between HEP and OEP particles6,7. Here, we present photocatalyst sheets based on La- and Rh-codoped SrTiO3 (SrTiO3:La, Rh; ref. 8) and Mo-doped BiVO4 (BiVO4:Mo) powders embedded into a gold (Au) layer. Enhancement of the electron relay by annealing and suppression of undesirable reactions through surface modification allow pure water (pH 6.8) splitting with a solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiency of 1.1% and an apparent quantum yield of over 30% at 419 nm. The photocatalyst sheet design enables efficient and scalable water splitting using particulate semiconductors.
1,190 citations