Photon flux density and light quality induce changes in growth, stomatal development, photosynthesis and transpiration of Withania Somnifera (L.) Dunal. plantlets
07 Jul 2007-Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (Kluwer Academic Publishers)-Vol. 90, Iss: 2, pp 141-151
TL;DR: Both the quality and the quantity of light affect growth of plantlets, development of stomata and physiological responses differently depending on the intensity and the wavelength of light.
Abstract: The aim of the study was to establish whether the quantity and the quality of light affect growth and development of Withania somnifera plantlets. We have studied growth and histo-physiological parameters [stomatal characteristics, chloroplastic pigments concentrations, photosynthesis, and transpiration (E)] of W. somnifera plantlets regenerated under various light intensities, or monochromatic light or under a mixture of two colors of light in tissue culture conditions. Plantlets grown under a photon flux density (PFD) of 30 μmol m-2 s-1 showed greater growth and development than those raised under other PFDs. Chlorophylls and carotenoids, numbers of stomata, rate of photosynthesis (PN) and transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs), and water use efficiency (WUE) increased with increasing the PFD up to 60 μmol m-2 s-1. Light quality also affected plantlets growth and physiology. Highest growth was observed under fluorescent and in a mixture of blue and red light. Very few stomata were developed in any of the monochromatic light but under fluorescent or under a mixture of two colors stomatal numbers increased. Similarly, gs, E, PN, and WUE were also higher under fluorescent light and under a mixture of red and blue light. Regressional analysis showed a linear relationship between PN (r2 = 70) and gs and between E (r2 = 0.95) and gs. In conclusion, both the quality and the quantity of light affect growth of plantlets, development of stomata and physiological responses differently depending on the intensity and the wavelength of light.
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that supplemental light quality can be strategically used to enhance the nutritional value and growth of lettuce plants grown under RBW LED lights.
513 citations
Cites background from "Photon flux density and light quali..."
...…producing any plant species, including lettuce, in controlled environments Brown et al., 1995; Yanagi et al., 1996; Tanaka et al., 1998; Yorio t al., 2001; Hanyu and Shoji, 2002; Lian et al., 2002; Nhut et al., 003; Dougher and Bugbee, 2004; Kim et al., 2004b; Lee et al., 2007; hin et al., 2008)....
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TL;DR: It is concluded that quantitative B could promote photosynthetic performance or growth by stimulating morphological and physiological responses, yet there was no positive correlation between Pn and shoot dry weight accumulation.
Abstract: Red and blue light are both vital factors for plant growth and development. We examined how different ratios of red light to blue light (R/B) provided by light-emitting diodes affected photosynthetic performance by investigating parameters related to photosynthesis, including leaf morphology, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll fluorescence, stomatal development, light response curve, and nitrogen content. In this study, lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.) were exposed to 200 μmol⋅m(-2)⋅s(-1) irradiance for a 16 h⋅d(-1) photoperiod under the following six treatments: monochromatic red light (R), monochromatic blue light (B) and the mixture of R and B with different R/B ratios of 12, 8, 4, and 1. Leaf photosynthetic capacity (A max) and photosynthetic rate (P n) increased with decreasing R/B ratio until 1, associated with increased stomatal conductance, along with significant increase in stomatal density and slight decrease in stomatal size. P n and A max under B treatment had 7.6 and 11.8% reduction in comparison with those under R/B = 1 treatment, respectively. The effective quantum yield of PSII and the efficiency of excitation captured by open PSII center were also significantly lower under B treatment than those under the other treatments. However, shoot dry weight increased with increasing R/B ratio with the greatest value under R/B = 12 treatment. The increase of shoot dry weight was mainly caused by increasing leaf area and leaf number, but no significant difference was observed between R and R/B = 12 treatments. Based on the above results, we conclude that quantitative B could promote photosynthetic performance or growth by stimulating morphological and physiological responses, yet there was no positive correlation between P n and shoot dry weight accumulation.
266 citations
Cites background from "Photon flux density and light quali..."
...In addition, B alone could also reduce Pn in many species, such as chrysanthemum plantlets (Kim et al., 2004), Withania Somnifera (L.) plantlets (Lee et al., 2007)....
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TL;DR: The results implied that, compared to other light treatments, 300 μmol m −2 s −1 was more suitable for the culture of young tomato plants and there was no substantial gain from a PPFD above that level.
262 citations
TL;DR: Blue and red LED (B:R = 1:1) was the most suitable light for the growth of upland cotton plantlets in vitro, and it may be used as alternative light source for an upland Cotton culture system.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different light-emitting diode (LED) light sources on the growth of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plantlets. Shoot bud apex cuttings of upland cotton (1.0 cm) were transplanted on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.5 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and cultured in vitro for 45 days. They were exposed to 50 μmol m−2 s−1 photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) and a 12-h photoperiod under six different lights: fluorescent lamp (CON), monochromatic blue LED (B), three blue and red LED mixtures (B:R = 3:1, 1:1, 1:3) and monochromatic red LED (R). The effects of the six light sources on growth and morphogenesis of upland cotton plantlets grown in vitro were investigated. Fresh weight, dry weight, stem length and second internode length were greatest in plantlets cultured under the B:R = 1:1 blue and red LED light, followed by blue LED light, and they were lowest in plantlets cultured under a fluorescent lamp. Chlorophyll content, leaf thickness, palisade tissue length, leaf and stomata area were highest in plantlets cultured under blue LED light. Root activity, sucrose, starch and soluble sugar contents were highest in plantlets cultured under red LED light. Our results showed that larger, healthier plantlets and a greater biomass of upland cotton were produced in the presence of red LED supplemented with a quantity of blue LED light. Blue and red LED (B:R = 1:1) was the most suitable light for the growth of upland cotton plantlets in vitro, and it may be used as alternative light source for an upland cotton culture system.
217 citations
Cites background from "Photon flux density and light quali..."
...…et al. 2008), Eucalyptus (Nhut et al. 2002), Rehmannia glutinose (Hahn et al. 2000), Zantedeschia (Jao et al. 2005), Euphorbia milii (Dewir et al. 2007), Spathiphyllum (Nhut et al. 2005), Withania somnifera (Lee et al. 2007), and Phalaenopsis orchids (Wongnok et al. 2008), have been reported....
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TL;DR: In this paper, an amalgamation of the recent research achievements in the horticulture and floriculture industry, ranging from greenhouse applications to climate rooms and vertical farming, is presented.
194 citations
References
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TL;DR: In vivo redox biosensing resolves the spatiotemporal dynamics of compartmental responses to local ROS generation and provide a basis for understanding how compartment-specific redox dynamics may operate in retrograde signaling and stress 67 acclimation in plants.
Abstract: In experiments with tobacco tissue cultured on White's modified medium (basal meditmi hi Tnhles 1 and 2) supplemenk'd with kiticthi and hidoleacctic acid, a slrikin^' fourlo (ive-told intTease iu yield was ohtaitu-d within a three to Tour week j^rowth period on addition of an aqtteotis exlrarl of tobacco leaves (Fi^'ures 1 and 2). Subse(iueutly it was found Ihiit this jnoniotiou oi' f^rowih was due mainly though nol entirely to inorj^auic rather than organic con.stitttenls in the extract. In the isolation of Rrowth factors from plant tissues and other sources inorj '̂anic salts are fre(|uently carried along with fhe organic fraclioits. When tissue cultures are used for bioassays, therefore, il is necessary lo lake into account increases in growth which may result from nutrient elements or other known constituents of the medium which may he present in the te.st materials. To minimize interference trom rontaminaitis of this type, an altempt has heen made to de\\eh)p a nieditmi with such adequate supplies of all re(iuired tnineral nutrients and cotntnott orgattic cottslitueitls that no apprecial»le change in growth rate or yield will result from the inlroduclion of additional amounts in the range ordinarily expected to be present in tnaterials to be assayed. As a point of referetice for this work some of the culture media in mc)st common current use will he cotisidered briefly. For ease of comparis4)n Iheir mineral compositions are listed in Tables 1 and 2. White's nutrient .solution, designed originally for excised root cultures, was based on Uspeuski and Uspetiskaia's medium for algae and Trelease and Trelease's micronutrieni solution. This medium also was employed successfully in the original cttltivation of callus from the tobacco Iiybrid Nicotiana gtauca x A', tanijadorffii, atitl as further modified by White in 194̂ ^ and by others it has been used for the
63,098 citations
"Photon flux density and light quali..." refers methods in this paper
...The nodal explants were transferred in 100 ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing 20 ml MS (Murashige and Skoog 1962) solid media supplemented with 0....
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...The nodal explants were transferred in 100 ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing 20 ml MS (Murashige and Skoog 1962) solid media supplemented with 0.5 mg l-1 benzyl adenine and 3% sucrose 0.8% agar (Duchefa, Haarlem, The Netherlands) to induce adventitious shoots....
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Book•
01 Jan 1963
TL;DR: Methods of enzymatic analysis, Methods of enzymes analysis, the authors, Methods of enzyme analysis, enzymatics, methods of enzymes, and methods of analysis, method of enzymes.
Abstract: Methods of enzymatic analysis , Methods of enzymatic analysis , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
18,100 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the spectral characteristics and absorption coefficients of chlorophylls, pheophytins, and carotenoids were analyzed using a two-beam spectrophotometer.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter presents detailed information on chlorophylls and carotenoids to give practical directions toward their quantitative isolation and determination in extracts from leaves, chloroplasts, thylakoid particles, and pigment proteins. The chapter focuses on the spectral characteristics and absorption coefficients of chlorophylls, pheophytins, and carotenoids, which are the basis for establishing equations to quantitatively determine them. Therefore, the specific absorption coefficients of the pigments are re-evaluated. This is achieved by using a two-beam spectrophotometer of the new generation, which allows programmed automatic recording and printing out of the proper wavelengths and absorbancy values. Several procedures have been developed for the separation of the photosynthetic pigments, including column (CC), paper (PC), and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). All chloroplast carotenoids exhibit a typical absorption spectrum that is characterized by three absorption maxima (violaxanthin, neoxanthin) or two maxima with one shoulder (lutein and β-carotene) in the blue spectral region.
10,367 citations
"Photon flux density and light quali..." refers methods in this paper
...Chlorophyll and carotenoids contents were measured according to Lichtenthaler (1987)....
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01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: The Xanthophyll cycle and thermal energy dissipation were investigated in this paper. But the results of these experiments were limited to the case of light-capturing systems, where active oxygen was not formed in the Photochemical Apparatus.
Abstract: PHOTO PROTECTION 604 Prevention oj Excessive Light Absorption... 604 Removal of Excess Excitation Energy Directly within the Light-Capturing System ......... ...... . . ..... ..... . .... . ..... ...... .... . .. . .. . . ..... . . . ... ... . 604 Removal oj Active Oxygen Formed in the Photochemical Apparatus ........ . . .. . . . . . . 605 INACTIV A TIONiTURNOVER OF PS II 606 THE XANTHOPHYLL CYCLE AND THERMAL ENERGY DISSIPATION: A PHOTOPROTECTIVE RESPONSE 608 Characteristics oj the Xanthophyll Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608 Association Among the De-epoxidized State oj the Xanthophyll Cycle, Thermal Energy Dissipation. and Photoprotection .. .. . . . .. . . ...... .. .. ... ... 609 Operation of the Xanthophyll Cycle in the Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .... . . . .. . . . . 611 CONCLUSIONS 618
2,388 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a photo-inhibition from exposure to a high PFD without adding additional additional stress is described, which is caused by interaction between light and other environmental factors.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION . PHOTOINHIBITION FROM EXPOSURE TO A HIGH PFD WITHOUT ADDITIONAL STRESS . Aquatic Plants . Shade Plants . Sun Plants... .. . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . Damage to Photosynthesis Caused by an Excessive PFD . PHOTOINHIBITION INDUCED BY INTERACTION BETWEEN LIGHT AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS FACTORS .
1,834 citations
"Photon flux density and light quali..." refers background in this paper
...to different susceptibilities to photoinhibition (Powles 1984)....
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...Since photosynthetic CO2 assimilation is a major sink for absorbed light energy, the difference in photosynthetic capacity, which varies depending on growth and irradiance, may lead to different susceptibilities to photoinhibition (Powles 1984)....
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...Although light is the energy source for plant growth, excess light can lead to depression in photosynthetic efficiency (photoinhibition) (Powles 1984)....
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