Journal ArticleDOI
Phylogeographical patterns shed light on evolutionary process in South America.
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TLDR
The results suggest a highly complex mosaic of phylogeographical patterns in South America, which is suggestive of high levels of undocumented species diversity.Abstract:
The South American continent is composed of several biogeographical regions harbouring the highest biodiversity on the globe, encompassing five of the world’s biodiversity ‘hot spots’. Nonetheless, the patterns and processes responsible for shaping its astonishing species diversity are largely unknown. Here, we present a review of current South American phylogeographical knowledge based on published articles on this topic. An appraisal of the literature reveals emerging phylogeographical patterns in the biota of South America. The striking phylogeographical divergence observed among organism lineages in South American studies is suggestive of high levels of undocumented species diversity. The interplay between Pleistocene climatic oscillations and Pliocene/Miocene orogenic events has contributed to shaping the current diversity and distribution of modern lineages in both the tropical and temperate regions of South America. Although older divergence times were observed for a range of species, most herpetofauna underwent an intraspecific lineage split much earlier than other organisms. The geographical ranges of species associated with forest habitats were reduced mainly during glacial cycles, whereas species associated with open vegetation domains have shown variable responses to climatic oscillations. The results suggest a highly complex mosaic of phylogeographical patterns in South America. We suggest future research directions to promote a better understanding of the origin and maintenance of the South American biota.read more
Citations
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The drivers of tropical speciation
Brian Tilston Smith,John E. McCormack,Andrés M. Cuervo,Michael J. Hickerson,Alexandre Aleixo,Carlos Daniel Cadena,Jorge L. Pérez-Emán,Curtis W. Burney,Xiaoou Xie,Michael G. Harvey,Brant C. Faircloth,Travis C. Glenn,Elizabeth P. Derryberry,Jesse Prejean,Samantha Fields,Robb T. Brumfield +15 more
TL;DR: It is shown that spatial and temporal patterns of genetic differentiation in Neotropical birds are highly discordant across lineages and are not reconcilable with a model linking speciation solely to landscape change, and the strongest predictors of speciation are the amount of time a lineage has persisted in the landscape and the ability of birds to move through the landscape matrix.
Journal ArticleDOI
Geographical Distribution of Animals
TL;DR: In this article, it was found that Wallace in his new work on the "Geographical distribution of Animals" when stating the limits of his Ceylon sub-region (vol. ii. p. 327), gave among mammals the genus Tupaia and among birds "a species of Mviophonus, whose nearest ally is in Java".
Journal ArticleDOI
Multilocus Species Trees Show the Recent Adaptive Radiation of the Mimetic Heliconius Butterflies
Krzysztof M. Kozak,Niklas Wahlberg,Andrew F. E. Neild,Kanchon K. Dasmahapatra,James Mallet,Chris D. Jiggins +5 more
TL;DR: The first comprehensive, time-calibrated phylogeny of this group is used to test the hypotheses of a diversification rate increase driven by the dramatic environmental changes in the Neotropics over the past 23 myr, or changes caused by diversity-dependent effects on the rate of diversification.
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Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae)
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Journal ArticleDOI
The historical connections between the Amazon and the Atlantic Forest revisited
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities
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TL;DR: A ‘silver bullet’ strategy on the part of conservation planners, focusing on ‘biodiversity hotspots’ where exceptional concentrations of endemic species are undergoing exceptional loss of habitat, is proposed.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Some genetic consequences of ice ages, and their role in divergence and speciation
TL;DR: The genetic effects of pleistocene ice ages are approached by deduction from paleoenvironmental information, by induction from the genetic structure of populations and species, and by their combination to infer likely consequences.