Physical and chemical methods used to enhance the structure and mechanical properties of protein films: A review
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the various methods used to modify protein film functional properties, including cross-linking techniques induced by heat, chemical, enzymes, and irradiation, and use of nanocomposites to enhance their barrier properties are discussed in this paper.
About: This article is published in Journal of Food Engineering.The article was published on 2013-02-01. It has received 265 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Nanocomposite & Polymer.
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TL;DR: A review of the most common bio-based polymeric materials can be found in this paper, which provides an overview of recent advances in the selection and use of plasticizers, and their effect on the performance of these materials.
Abstract: Over the coming few decades bioplastic materials are expected to complement and gradually replace some of the fossil oil based materials. Multidisciplinary research efforts have generated a significant level of technical and commercial success towards these bio-based materials. However, extensive application of these bio-based plastics is still challenged by one or more of their possible inherent limitations, such as poor processability, brittleness, hydrophilicity, poor moisture and gas barrier, inferior compatibility, poor electrical, thermal and physical properties. The incorporation of additives such as plasticizers into the biopolymers is a common practice to improve these inherent limitations. Generally, plasticizers are added to both synthetic and bio-based polymeric materials to impart flexibility, improve toughness, and lower the glass transition temperature. This review introduces the most common bio-based plastics and provides an overview of recent advances in the selection and use of plasticizers, and their effect on the performance of these materials. In addition to plasticizers, we also present a perspective of other emerging techniques of improving the overall performance of bio-based plastics. Although a wide variety of bio-based plastics are under development, this review focuses on plasticizers utilized for the most extensively studied bioplastics including poly(lactic acid), polyhydroxyalkanoates, thermoplastic starch, proteinaceous plastics and cellulose acetates. The ongoing challenge and future potentials of plasticizers for bio-based plastics are also discussed.
567 citations
TL;DR: This review summarized the advances in protein-based films and coatings for food packaging and summarized the research about the storage requirements of various foods that can provide corresponding guidance for the preparation of food packaging materials.
Abstract: As the IV generation of packaging, biopolymers, with the advantages of biodegradability, process ability, combination possibilities and no pollution to food, have become the leading food packaging materials. Biopolymers can be directly extracted from biomass, synthesized from bioderived monomers and produced directly by microorganisms which are all abundant and renewable. The raw materials used to produce biopolymers are low-cost, some even coming from agrion dustrial waste. This review summarized the advances in protein-based films and coatings for food packaging. The materials studied to develop protein-based packaging films and coatings can be divided into two classes: plant proteins and animal proteins. Parts of proteins are referred in this review, including plant proteins i.e., gluten, soy proteins and zein, and animal proteins i.e., casein, whey and gelatin. Films and coatings based on these proteins have excellent gas barrier properties and satisfactory mechanical properties. However, the hydrophilicity of proteins makes the protein-based films present poor water barrier characteristics. The application of plasticizers and the corresponding post-treatments can make the properties of the protein-based films and coatings improved. The addition of active compounds into protein-based films can effectively inhibit or delay the growth of microorganisms and the oxidation of lipids. The review also summarized the research about the storage requirements of various foods that can provide corresponding guidance for the preparation of food packaging materials. Numerous application examples of protein-based films and coatings in food packaging also confirm their important role in food packaging materials.
189 citations
TL;DR: The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the effects of various treatments on whey, soy, and wheat gluten protein-based films and coatings.
Abstract: Protein-based films and coatings are an interesting alternative to traditional petroleum-based materials. However, their mechanical and barrier properties need to be enhanced in order to match those of the latter. Physical, chemical, and biochemical methods can be used for this purpose. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the effects of various treatments on whey, soy, and wheat gluten protein-based films and coatings. These three protein sources have been chosen since they are among the most abundantly used and are well described in the literature. Similar behavior might be expected for other protein sources. Most of the modifications are still not fully understood at a fundamental level, but all the methods discussed change the properties of the proteins and resulting products. Mastering these modifications is an important step towards the industrial implementation of protein-based films.
187 citations
Cites background from "Physical and chemical methods used ..."
...The incorporation of fatty acids is able to improve the moisture barrier of protein films and coatings [29]....
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...A novel upcoming trend is the preparation of WPI films with nanocomposites [29]....
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...On the whole, however, research work to produce enzymatically improved protein films for packaging materials has not yet managed to develop films having physical properties superior to those of synthetic films [29]....
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...Another extensively studied bio-nanocomposite is montmorillonite nanoclay (MMT) [29]....
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...There is a positive net charge at a lower pH value and a negative net charge at a higher pH value [29]....
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TL;DR: In this article, a solution casting of WPI-based bio-nanocomposite with zein nanoparticles (ZNP) was used to obtain a uniform distribution of nanoparticles in the films.
162 citations
Cites background or methods from "Physical and chemical methods used ..."
...Biopolymer films can also improve the quality of food products and act as efficient carrier agent for incorporating various additives including antimicrobials, antioxidants, coloring agents, and other nutrients (Wihodo & Moraru, 2013)....
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...Various methods proposed to overcome inherent shortcomings ofWPI based food packaging materials have been reviewed byWihodo and Moraru (2013). The most commonly used approaches are blending with other biodegradable polymers, lipids, coating and lamination, plasticization, pH alteration and cross-linking by heat, chemicals, enzymes or irradiation....
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...As an alternative to plastic films, biopolymer-based packaging materials, which originated from naturally renewable resources such as polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids, have been recently of interest (Wihodo & Moraru, 2013)....
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...Various methods proposed to overcome inherent shortcomings ofWPI based food packaging materials have been reviewed byWihodo and Moraru (2013). The most commonly used approaches are blending with other biodegradable polymers, lipids, coating and lamination, plasticization, pH alteration and cross-linking by heat, chemicals, enzymes or irradiation. Recent works have explored the use of nanocomposites to improve the barrier and mechanical properties of WPI films. Sothornvit, Rhim, and Hong (2009) prepared WPI based nanocomposite films by blending the polymer with three different types of nanoclays at 5%...
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TL;DR: In this article, a review of the state of the art of eco-materials based on Soy Protein Isolate (SPI) with special reference to organic and inorganic fillers in the macro, micro and nano scale is presented.
162 citations
References
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TL;DR: The use of natural and/or biodegradable plasticizers, with low toxicity and good compatibility with several plastics, resins, rubber and elastomers in substitution of conventional plasticizers attracted the market along with the increasing worldwide trend towards use of biopolymers.
1,417 citations
Journal Article•
1,126 citations
TL;DR: The combination of synthetic and edible packagings was proposed to increase the efficiency of food quality preservation by the packaging to contribute to the protection of the environment.
Abstract: (1998). Edible Films and Coatings: Tomorrow's Packagings: A Review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition: Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 299-313.
685 citations
TL;DR: In recent years, antimicrobial packaging has attracted much attention from the food industry because of the increase in consumer demand for minimally processed, preservative-free products.
Abstract: The term antimicrobialpackaging encompasses any packaging technique(s) used to control microbial growth in a food product. These include packaging materials and edible films and coatings that contain antimicrobial agents and also techniques that modify the atmosphere within the package. In recent years, antimicrobial packaging has attracted much attention from the food industry because of the increase in consumer demand for minimally processed, preservative-free products. Reflecting this demand, the preservative agents must be applied to packaging in such away that only low levels of preservatives come into contact with the food. The film or coating technique is considered to be more effective, although more complicated to apply. New antimicrobial packaging materials are continually being developed. Many of them exploit natural agents to control common food-borne microorganisms. Current trends suggest that, in due course, packaging will generally incorporate antimicrobial agents, and the sealing systems will continue to improve. The focus of packaging in the past has been on the appearance, size, and integrity of the package. A greater emphasis on safety features associated with the addition of antimicrobial agents is perhaps the next area for development in packaging technology.
646 citations
TL;DR: The results of many studies suggest that MTGase, as well as other transglutaminases, has many potential applications in food processing and in other areas.
Abstract: Some characteristics and applications of a transglutaminase, derived from a variant of Streptoverticillium mobaraense, namely microbial transglutaminase (MTGase), are considered MTGase, mass-produced at low cost by fermentation, catalyses the crosslinking of most food proteins through the formation of an e-(γ-glutamyl)lysine bond, in the same way as well-known mammalian enzymes However, MTGase is remarkable because it is calcium independent and its molecular weight is smaller than that of other known enzymes The results of many studies suggest that MTGase, as well as other transglutaminases, has many potential applications in food processing and in other areas
632 citations