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Journal ArticleDOI

Physical properties and depth of cure of a new short fiber reinforced composite

01 Aug 2013-Dental Materials (Elsevier)-Vol. 29, Iss: 8, pp 835-841
TL;DR: The new short fiber composite differed significantly in its physical properties compared to other materials tested, which suggests that the latter could be used in high-stress bearing areas.
About: This article is published in Dental Materials.The article was published on 2013-08-01. It has received 233 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Flexural modulus & Flexural strength.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A compromise with mechanical properties compared with more conventional commercially-available nano-hybrid materials was demonstrated by the present work, which highlights the critical requirement for a veneering material, not only to improve aesthetic quality of the translucent material, but to reduce the impact of degradation.

331 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evaluated degree of conversion (DC), Knoop microhardness (KHN), internal marginal adaptation (IA), and polymerization shrinkage stress (PS) of one conventional and four bulk-fill composites found that higher PS correlated positively with higher proportion of interfacial gaps.

190 citations


Cites background from "Physical properties and depth of cu..."

  • ...The higher PS values of XP composite may be explained by its high inorganic content nd resultant high elastic modulus, as demonstrated previusly [17,39]....

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  • ...[39] Garoushi S, Säilynoja E, Vallittu PK, Lassila L....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview of the literature on the currently available bulk-fill composites is provided, and the common trends as well as the wide variations are described to help the clinician to select the proper material with regard to its applicability in various clinical situations.
Abstract: Purpose The aim of this article was to provide an overview of the literature on the currently available bulk-fill composites, and to describe the common trends as well as the wide variations. The findings may help the clinician to select the proper material with regard to its applicability in various clinical situations. Methods The literature up to October 2016 was reviewed based on a PubMed search (keywords: "bulk-fill OR bulkfill OR bulk fill" AND "composite OR composites"). Results This review revealed that bulk-fill composites differ most from conventional composites in their increased depth of cure, which could mainly be attributed to an increase in translucency. However, the literature is inconsistent regarding the determination of the depth of cure. Flowable "base" bulk-fill composites seem most suitable for narrow cavities deeper than 4 mm, in particular when a higher adaptation potential thanks to better flowability in less accessible cavity configurations is desirable. In more extensive cavities, "full-body" bulk-fill composites with a high filler load are preferable. Then, resistance against wear and fracture becomes increasingly important, while a thicker consistency might also help in obtaining a good contact point. Tests related to shrinkage stress induced by bulk-filling seem inconsistent and their clinical relevance is unclear. Conclusion More clinical studies that specifically focus on bulk-filling deep and large restorations are definitely required to fully explore the clinical benefits of bulk-fill composites.

175 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview of fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) that are a group of non-metallic dental biomaterials used in several fields of dentistry and the anisotropic nature of FRCs from the perspective of dental applications has increased in recent years.

150 citations


Cites background from "Physical properties and depth of cu..."

  • ...[39] Garoushi S, Säilynoja E, Vallittu PK, Lassila LVJ....

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  • ...Discontinuous short fibers can be used to reinforce dental fillings [39]....

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  • ...A recently introduced short fibereinforced composite for filling applications has fiber lengths ithin this range [38,39]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: SureFil(®) SDR™ and everX Posterior exhibited DOC over 4mm, the maximum thickness recommended for bulk placement, while SonicFill recorded DOC values very close to the 4mm threshold, while sonicFill achieved the highest DC at the irradiated surface, as well as at 4mm depth.

132 citations


Cites background from "Physical properties and depth of cu..."

  • ...Some products present flowable conistency to enable self-adaptation to cavity walls [8,11], while ther materials have higher filler load [10], or feature short lass fibers for reinforcement [12,15]....

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  • ...[15] noted the absence of a direct elationship between volumetric content of filler and fracure parameters such as fracture toughness and FS of several ommercial composites....

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  • ...[15] Garoushi S, Säilynoia E, Vallittu PK, Lassila L....

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  • ...These Authors claimed that other actors beside filler content, such as stress transfer between ller particles and matrix, as well as adhesion between these omponents may play a relevant role [15]....

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  • ...It should however be pointed out that the choice o test 2-mm thick bars was justified by the need to conform o ISO 4049/2009 [14] in performing the FS test, as also done in revious studies [15,22,31]....

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References
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Book
01 Jan 1975
TL;DR: Restorative dental materials, Restorative dental Materials , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
Abstract: Scope and History of Restorative Materials,Applied Surface Phenomena, Optical, Thermal and Electrical Properties, Mechanical Properties, Biocompatibility of Dental Materials, Nature of Metals and Alloys, Polymers and Polymerization, Preventive Materials, Bonding to Dental Substrates, Amalgam, Impression Materials, Gypsum Products and Investments, Waxes, Noble Dental Alloys and Solders, Cast and Wrought Base Metal Alloys, Casting and Soldering Procedures, Ceramics, Metal-ceramics, Cements, Prosthetic Applications of Polymers

2,295 citations


"Physical properties and depth of cu..." refers background in this paper

  • ...The fracture related material properties, such as fracture resistance, elasticity, and the marginal degradation of materials under stress have usually been evaluated by the determination of the material parameters flexural strength, flexural modulus and fracture toughness [3]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The dimensional changes which develop during the curing of resin composites and glass polyalkenoate cements are studied, with special reference to methods of determining shrinkage, shrinkage stress and stress relief.

682 citations


"Physical properties and depth of cu..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Many factors affect the shrinkage of composite resins, including resin matrix composition, filler content, and the polymerization method [6,8,9]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Dynamic mechanical properties were most closely correlated to degree of conversion in these polymeric systems, suggesting that these resins may be more unstable at oral temperatures than more highly converted resins.
Abstract: The goal of this study was to determine the effects of resin formulation variables, such as diluent concentration, catalyst type and concentration and cure mode, on the degree of conversion of carbon double bonds and mechanical properties of dental restorative resins. Diametral tensile strength, compressive strength, hardness, flexural modulus and strength, and dynamic mechanical properties were tested, and the results were correlated to the degree of conversion results obtained by infrared analysis. The results showed a significant correlation between increased mechanical properties and higher degrees of conversion. Enhanced conversions were achieved by incorporating higher diluent and lower inhibitor concentrations into the resins. Ambient temperature properties were similarly enhanced by lower inhibitor concentrations, but were not enhanced by higher diluent concentration. Dynamic mechanical properties testing at oral and elevated temperatures elucidated possible differences in resin microstructure and network quality. The storage moduli decreased over the dental temperature range and was lower at all temperatures for resins with lower conversions. The glass transition temperature was also lower in resins with poorer conversions, suggesting that these resins may be more unstable at oral temperatures than more highly converted resins. Dynamic mechanical properties were most closely correlated to degree of conversion in these polymeric systems.

542 citations


"Physical properties and depth of cu..." refers background in this paper

  • ...The intensity of light at a given depth and for a given irradiance period is a critical factor in determining the extent of reaction of monomer into polymer, typically referred to as the degree of monomer conversion, and significantly associated with values of mechanical properties, biocompatibility, color stability and would therefore be expected to be associated with clinical success of the restoration [15,16]....

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  • ...gap formation, marginal leakage, recurrent caries, adverse pulpal effects and ultimate failure of the restoration [15,16]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Both filler morphology and filler loading influenced flexural strength, flexural modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness of contemporary composites.
Abstract: Statement of Problem Little information exists regarding the filler morphology and loading of composites with respect to their effects on selected mechanical properties and fracture toughness Purpose The objectives of this study were to: (1) classify commercial composites according to filler morphology, (2) evaluate the influence of filler morphology on filler loading, and (3) evaluate the effect of filler morphology and loading on the hardness, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and fracture toughness of contemporary composites Material and Methods Field emission scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy was used to classify 3 specimens from each of 14 commercial composites into 4 groups according to filler morphology The specimens (each 5 × 25 × 15 mm) were derived from the fractured remnants after the fracture toughness test Filler weight content was determined by the standard ash method, and the volume content was calculated using the weight percentage and density of the filler and matrix components Microhardness was measured with a Vickers hardness tester, and flexural strength and modulus were measured with a universal testing machine A 3-point bending test (ASTM E-399) was used to determine the fracture toughness of each composite Data were compared with analysis of variance followed by Duncan's multiple range test, both at the P Results The composites were classified into 4 categories according to filler morphology: prepolymerized, irregular-shaped, both prepolymerized and irregular-shaped, and round particles Filler loading was influenced by filler morphology Composites containing prepolymerized filler particles had the lowest filler content (25% to 51% of filler volume), whereas composites containing round particles had the highest filler content (59% to 60% of filler volume) The mechanical properties of the composites were related to their filler content Composites with the highest filler by volume exhibited the highest flexural strength (120 to 129 MPa), flexural modulus (12 to 15 GPa), and hardness (101 to 117 VHN) Fracture toughness was also affected by filler volume, but maximum toughness was found at a threshold level of approximately 55% filler volume Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, the commercial composites tested could be classified by their filler morphology This property influenced filler loading Both filler morphology and filler loading influenced flexural strength, flexural modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness (J Prosthet Dent 2002;87:642-9)

490 citations


"Physical properties and depth of cu..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Previous studies found a positive correlation between filler loading and mechanical performance [32]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The experimental flowable composite revealed the lowest shrinkage stress and shrinkage-rate values in comparison to regular methacrylate-based flowable composites but intermediate micro-mechanical properties.

315 citations


"Physical properties and depth of cu..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Several manufacturers have developed posterior “bulk fill” composite resins which claimed that can be applied to the cavity in thickness of 4 mm with enhanced curing, shrinkage and physical properties [14]....

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