Physico-chemical treatment techniques for wastewater laden with heavy metals
Citations
6,844 citations
Cites background from "Physico-chemical treatment techniqu..."
...…it is important to mention that the selection of the most suitable treatment techniques depends on the initial metal concentration, the component of the wastewater, capital investment and operational cost, plant flexibility and reliability and environmental impact, etc. (Kurniawan et al., 2006)....
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2,419 citations
Cites background from "Physico-chemical treatment techniqu..."
...However, with reduced chemical costs (such as utilizing of low-cost adsor- bents) and a feasible sludge disposal, physico-chemical treatments have been found as one of the most suitable treatments for inorganic effluent (Kurniawan et al., 2006)....
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...There are different types of membrane filtration such as ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) Kurniawan et al., 2006....
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...A noticeable disadvantage was that corrosion could become a significant limiting factor, where electrodes would frequently have to be replaced (Kurniawan et al., 2006)....
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...Fouling has many adverse effects on the membrane system such as flux decline, an increase in transmembrane pressure (TMP) and the biodegradation of the membrane materials (Kurniawan et al., 2006)....
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1,828 citations
Cites methods from "Physico-chemical treatment techniqu..."
...Nowadays, numerous methods have been proposed for fficient heavy metal removal from waters, including but not imited to chemical precipitation, ion exchange, adsorption, memrane filtration and electrochemical technologies [5–9]....
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1,127 citations
Cites background or methods from "Physico-chemical treatment techniqu..."
...Paints and pigments Pb, Cr, As, Ti, Ba, Zn Aqueous waste from m deterioration and soil p tion/coagulation, membrane technology, electrolytic reduction, ion exchange and adsorption (Kurniawan et al., 2006; Wang et al., 2003)....
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...Various methods exist for the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater which include chemical precipita- tion/coagulation, membrane technology, electrolytic reduction, ion exchange and adsorption (Kurniawan et al., 2006; Wang et al., 2003)....
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...Li et al. (2007a) prepared an citric acid modified orange peel cellulose adsorbent for the removal of Cd(II) from aqueous solutions....
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1,051 citations
References
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