Physiological effects of nanoparticles on fish: A comparison of nanometals versus metal ions
TL;DR: It is concluded that nanometals do have adverse physiological effects on fish, and the hazard for some metal NPs will be different to the traditional dissolved forms of metals.
About: This article is published in Environment International.The article was published on 2011-08-01. It has received 359 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Metal toxicity.
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TL;DR: In this study, AgNPs were immobilized on an amine-functionalized silica surface and their bactericidal activity was studied concurrently with the silver release profile over time, concluding that contact killing is the predominant bactericidal mechanism and surface immobilized nanoparticles show greater efficacy than colloidal AgNPS, as well as a higher concentration of silver ions in solution.
Abstract: Antimicrobial materials with immobilized/entrapped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are of considerable interest. There is significant debate on the mode of bactericidal action of AgNPs, and both contact killing and/or ion mediated killing have been proposed. In this study, AgNPs were immobilized on an amine-functionalized silica surface and their bactericidal activity was studied concurrently with the silver release profile over time. This was compared with similar studies performed using colloidal AgNPs and AgCl surfaces that released Ag ions. We conclude that contact killing is the predominant bactericidal mechanism and surface immobilized nanoparticles show greater efficacy than colloidal AgNPs, as well as a higher concentration of silver ions in solution. In addition, the AgNP immobilized substrate was used multiple times with good efficacy, indicating this immobilization protocol is effective for retaining AgNPs while maintaining their disinfection potential. The antibacterial surface was found to be extremely stable in aqueous medium and no significant leaching (∼1.15% of total silver deposited) of the AgNPs was observed. Thus, immobilization of AgNPs on a surface may promote reuse, reduce environmental risks associated with leaching of AgNPs and enhance cost effectiveness.
401 citations
TL;DR: Metal-containing nanomaterials have the potential to be used in dentistry for infection control, but little is known about their antibacterial properties, and Ag NPs were the best disinfectant and performed better than chlorhexidine.
Abstract: Metal-containing nanomaterials have the potential to be used in dentistry for infection control, but little is known about their antibacterial properties This study investigated the toxicity of silver (Ag), titanium dioxide and silica nanoparticles (NPs) against the oral pathogenic species of Streptococcus mutans, compared to the routine disinfectant, chlorhexidine The bacteria were assessed using the minimum inhibitory concentration assay for growth, fluorescent staining for live/dead cells, and measurements of lactate All the assays showed that Ag NPs had the strongest antibacterial activity of the NPs tested, with bacterial growth also being 25-fold lower than that in chlorhexidine The survival rate of bacteria under the effect of 100 mg l(-1) Ag NPs in the media was 2% compared to 60% with chlorhexidine, while the lactate concentration was 06 and 40 mM, respectively Silica and titanium dioxide NPs had limited effects Dialysis experiments showed negligible silver dissolution Overall, Ag NPs were the best disinfectant and performed better than chlorhexidine Improvements to the MIC assay are suggested
398 citations
TL;DR: The authors address the new direction of developing high‐throughput detection of genetically modified transparent zebrafish to open a new window for monitoring environmental pollutants.
Abstract: Monitoring and assessing the effects of contaminants in the aquatic eco-environment is critical in protecting human health and the environment. The zebrafish has been widely used as a prominent model organism in different fields because of its small size, low cost, diverse adaptability, short breeding cycle, high fecundity, and transparent embryos. Recent studies have demonstrated that zebrafish sensitivity can aid in monitoring environmental contaminants, especially with the application of transgenic technology in this area. The present review provides a brief overview of recent studies on wild-type and transgenic zebrafish as a model system to monitor toxic heavy metals, endocrine disruptors, and organic pollutants for toxicology. The authors address the new direction of developing high-throughput detection of genetically modified transparent zebrafish to open a new window for monitoring environmental pollutants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:11–17. © 2013 SETAC
384 citations
TL;DR: Focus was placed on three categories of nanomaterials: nanometals and metal oxides, carbon-based nanoparticles, and polymer/dendrimers with emphasis on those particles of greatest relevance to gastrointestinal exposures.
Abstract: The increasing interest in nanoparticles for advanced technologies, consumer products, and biomedical applications has led to great excitement about potential benefits but also concern over the potential for adverse human health effects. The gastrointestinal tract represents a likely route of entry for many nanomaterials, both directly through intentional ingestion or indirectly via nanoparticle dissolution from food containers or by secondary ingestion of inhaled particles. Additionally, increased utilisation of nanoparticles may lead to increased environmental contamination and unintentional ingestion via water, food animals, or fish. The gastrointestinal tract is a site of complex, symbiotic interactions between host cells and the resident microbiome. Accordingly, evaluation of nanoparticles must take into consideration not only absorption and extraintestinal organ accumulation but also the potential for altered gut microbes and the effects of this perturbation on the host. The existing literature was evaluated for evidence of toxicity based on these considerations. Focus was placed on three categories of nanomaterials: nanometals and metal oxides, carbon-based nanoparticles, and polymer/dendrimers with emphasis on those particles of greatest relevance to gastrointestinal exposures.
340 citations
Cites background from "Physiological effects of nanopartic..."
...Additional potential oral exposures could arise from water contamination due to run-off and accumulation within food fish (Shaw and Handy, 2011)....
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TL;DR: In marine systems, Me(O)NPs can absorb to micro-organisms with potential for trophic transfer following consumption, and their likely fate here is sedimentation following hetero-aggregation with natural organic matter and/or free anions, putting benthic, sediment-dwelling and filter feeding organisms most at risk.
335 citations
Cites background from "Physiological effects of nanopartic..."
...The direct interference of metal ions with branchial pumps (Shaw and Handy, 2011) could therefore cause problems in the acclimation of diadromous fishes to their new environments. nd metal oxide nanoparticles on marine organisms, Environmental...
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...The direct interference of metal ions with branchial pumps (Shaw and Handy, 2011) could therefore cause problems in the acclimation of diadromous fishes to their new environments....
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References
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TL;DR: This review critiques existing nanomaterial research in freshwater, marine, and soil environments and illustrates the paucity of existing research and demonstrates the need for additional research.
Abstract: The recent advances in nanotechnology and the corresponding increase in the use of nanomaterials in products in every sector of society have resulted in uncertainties regarding environmental impacts. The objectives of this review are to introduce the key aspects pertaining to nanomaterials in the environment and to discuss what is known concerning their fate, behavior, disposition, and toxicity, with a particular focus on those that make up manufactured nanomaterials. This review critiques existing nanomaterial research in freshwater, marine, and soil environments. It illustrates the paucity of existing research and demonstrates the need for additional research. Environmental scientists are encouraged to base this research on existing studies on colloidal behavior and toxicology. The need for standard reference and testing materials as well as methodology for suspension preparation and testing is also discussed.
2,566 citations
"Physiological effects of nanopartic..." refers methods in this paper
...This definition has been adopted by the British Standards Institution, the American Society for Testing Materials, and the Scientific Committee on Emerging and NewlyIdentified Health Risks (see reviews on NPs, Handy et al., 2008a; Klaine et al., 2008)....
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TL;DR: The results of this study indicate that risks to aquatic organisms may currently emanate from nano- Ag, nano-TiO(2), and nano-ZnO in sewage treatment effluents for all considered regions and for nano-Ag in surface waters.
Abstract: Engineered nanomaterials (ENM) are already used in many products and consequently released into environmental compartments. In this study, we calculated predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) based on a probabilistic material flow analysis from a life-cycle perspective of ENM-containing products. We modeled nano-TiO2, nano-ZnO, nano-Ag, carbon nanotubes (CNT), and fullerenes for the U.S., Europe and Switzerland. The environmental concentrations were calculated as probabilistic density functions and were compared to data from ecotoxicological studies. The simulated modes (most frequent values) range from 0.003 ng L−1 (fullerenes) to 21 ng L−1 (nano-TiO2) for surface waters and from 4 ng L−1 (fullerenes) to 4 μg L−1 (nano-TiO2) for sewage treatment effluents. For Europe and the U.S., the annual increase of ENMs on sludge-treated soil ranges from 1 ng kg−1 for fullerenes to 89 μg kg−1 for nano-TiO2. The results of this study indicate that risks to aquatic organisms may currently emanate from nano-Ag, n...
2,258 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1971
TL;DR: In this paper, a review on cadmium in the environment has been performed under a contract between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Department of Environmental Hygiene of the Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
Abstract: The focus of this report is upon information essential to the understanding of the toxic action of cadmium and the relationship between dose (exposure) and effects on human beings and animals. The therapy of cadmium poisoning has not been discussed.This review on cadmium in the environment has been performed under a contract between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Department of Environmental Hygiene of the Karolinska Institute, Sweden. The report is intended to serve as a background paper for a future Air Quality Criteria document on cadmium. Therefore, particular attention has been given to information relevant for the evaluation of risks due to long-term exposure to low concentrations of cadmium. Acute effects from short-term exposure to high concentrations are dealt with briefly. In vitro studies without bearing on the main problem have not been dealt with.The report is not limited to effects from exposure via inhalation. Newly accessible information, showing that large populations may be exposed considerably via the oral route, can elucidate chronic effects of cadmium in general. Man and animals can be victims of secondary exposure through vehicles such as food and water which have been contaminated by cadmium in air.
1,641 citations
TL;DR: This is the first study showing that uncoated fullerenes can cause oxidative damage and depletion of GSH in vivo in an aquatic species, and further research needs to be done to evaluate the potential toxicity of manufactured nanomaterials, especially with respect to translocation into the brain.
Abstract: Although nanotechnology has vast potential in uses such as fuel cells, microreactors, drug delivery devices, and personal care products, it is prudent to determine possible toxicity of nanotechnolo...
1,417 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: In this paper, the Free-Ion Activity Model (FIAM) was used to model the relationship between trace metals and aquatic organisms, and the results showed that metal toxicity in aquatic organisms can be predicted from bioassays.
Abstract: Transport of Metals Across Membranes (K. Simkiss & M. Taylor). Interactions between Trace Metals and Aquatic Organisms: A Critique of the Free-Ion Activity Model (P. Campbell). Environmental Organometallic Chemistry of Mercury, Tin and Lead: Present Status and Perspectives (E. Pelletier). Problems in Trace Metal Speciation Modeling (D. Turner). Trace Metal Speciation of Labile Chemical Species in Natural Water: Electrochemical Methods (A. Mota & M. Correia dos Santos). Trace Metal Speciation of Labile Chemical Species in Natural Waters and Sediments: Non-Electrochemical Approaches (S. Apter & G. Batley). Chromatographic Approaches to Trace Element Speciation of Non-Labile Chemical Species (W. Marshall & G.-M. Momplaisir). The Trophic Transfer of Metals in Marine Systems (N. Fisher & J. Reinfelder). Biological Factors Involved in Metal Concentrations Observed in Aquatic Organisms (W. Langston & S. Spence). Metal Detoxification in Aquatic Organisms (A. Mason & K. Jenkins). Prediction of Metal Toxicity in Nature from Bioassays: Limitations and Research Needs (S. Luoma). Index.
1,132 citations