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Book ChapterDOI

Physiology and biochemistry of the aerobic methane oxidising bacteria.

TL;DR: The availability of genome sequences of several methanotrophs now opens up possibilities of postgenomic studies to investigate the regulation of methane oxidation in the laboratory and in the environment.
Abstract: Methanotrophic bacteria grow aerobically using methane as a source of carbon and energy. They are widespread in the environment and play an important role in oxidizing methane in the environment, thereby mitigating the effects of global warming by this potent greenhouse gas. Methane monooxygenases (MMOs), which are the enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of methane, especially, the catalytically versatile soluble MMO, can cooxidize a wide range of hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons, and have great potential as biocatalysts for bioremediation and biocatalysis. Methanotrophs can also be used to make single-cell protein from methane. Recent isolation of novel groups of thermophilic, acidophilic methanotrophs has revealed that these bacteria can even grow under extreme environmental conditions. The availability of genome sequences of several methanotrophs now opens up possibilities of postgenomic studies to investigate the regulation of methane oxidation in the laboratory and in the environment.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this study, modeling is used to describe how oxygen and nitrogen source affect the stoichiometry and kinetics of growth and PHB production in the Type II methanotrophs Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b and Methylocystis parvus OBBP.

99 citations


Cites background from "Physiology and biochemistry of the ..."

  • ...In industrial applications, methanotrophy is of interest for single-cell protein production (Smith et al., 2010), production of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) (Wendlandt et al....

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  • ..., 2011a,b), specialty chemicals, and bioremediation through co-metabolism (Smith et al., 2010; Dalton and Stirling, 1982)....

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  • ...In industrial applications, methanotrophy is of interest for single-cell protein production (Smith et al., 2010), production of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) (Wendlandt et al., 2001; Whittenbury et al., 1970a; Pieja et al., 2011a,b), specialty chemicals, and bioremediation through co-metabolism (Smith…...

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  • ...…is of interest for single-cell protein production (Smith et al., 2010), production of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) (Wendlandt et al., 2001; Whittenbury et al., 1970a; Pieja et al., 2011a,b), specialty chemicals, and bioremediation through co-metabolism (Smith et al., 2010; Dalton and Stirling, 1982)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarize the recent accomplishments in three methanotrophic-based biotechnological applications which are methanol, biopolymers production and biological nitrogen removal processes.
Abstract: Methane is classified as the second major greenhouse gas with a global warming potential 25 times higher than carbon dioxide. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are considered as one of the main anthropogenic sources for global methane emissions. Utilizing the anaerobic digestion driven biogas, methanotrophs can offer a prominent solution for coupling methane mitigation with value-added resources recovery. Hence, methanotrophs can play a pivotal role in the paradigm shift to consider wastewater streams as proactive energy and value-added material resource instead of waste requiring further treatment. This review is destined to summarize the recent accomplishments in three methanotrophic-based biotechnological applications which are methanol, biopolymers production and biological nitrogen removal processes. Moreover, methanotrophs taxonomy, metabolism, and growth conditions are reviewed. In addition, the possibility to link the aforementioned applications within the operation of existing WWTPs in order to transform “energy-consuming treatment processes” into “energy-saving and energy-positive systems” is discussed.

34 citations


Cites background or methods from "Physiology and biochemistry of the ..."

  • ...This reaction is catalyzed by the NAD dependent enzyme formate dehydrogenase (FDH) which functions as sMMO electron source (Smith et al. 2010)....

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  • ...On the other hand, sMMO have a broader substrate range than pMMO which makes it more attractive for several biotechnological processes (Smith et al. 2010)....

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  • ...Afterwards, PPQH2 is oxidized and transfer electrons (2 electrons) either to the terminal oxidase with cytochromes-c and other carriers as intermediates or to regenerate the reducing equivalents needed for methane hydroxylation as previously described (Smith et al. 2010)....

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  • ...equivalents needed for methane hydroxylation as previously described (Smith et al. 2010)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the maximum methanol concentration achieved in this study was 485µ±µ21µmg/L, whereas the highest methanolate productivity obtained was equal to 2115µµ√ 2.81µ µm/L/day, which showed the high potential of producing methanols using mixed culture enriched from activated sludge process.

30 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the behavior of type II methanotrophs mixed culture enriched from activated sludge when subjected to different ammonium and copper concentrations under different operational conditions through a series of batch experiments was analyzed.

10 citations

Dissertation
15 Aug 2017
TL;DR: This dissertation aims to provide a history of quantitative analysis of the determinants of infectious disease in the United States from 1989 to 2002, a period chosen in order to explore its roots as well as specific cases in the literature and science.
Abstract: Wastewater treatment plants contribute to the global warming phenomena not only by GHG emissions, but also, by consuming enormous amount of fossil fuel based energy. Therefore, methane bio-hydroxylation has attracted the attention as methanol is an efficient substitute for methane (GHG) due to its transportability and higher energy yield. This work is destined to investigate and optimize the factors affecting the microbial activity within methane bio-hydroxylation system using type I methanotrophs enriched from activated sludge system. The optimization resulted in a notable enhancement of the growth kinetics. The attained maximum specific growth rate (max) (0.358 hr-1) and maximum specific methane biodegradation rate (qmax) (0.605 g-CH4,Total/g-DCW/hr-1) were the highest reported in mixed cultures. Furthermore, the maximum methanol productivity achieved is comparable with pure cultures and equal to 211581 mg/L/day. Whereas, methanol concentration of 48521 mg/L was attained which is two times higher than the reported using mixed culture.

5 citations


Cites background or methods from "Physiology and biochemistry of the ..."

  • ...On the other hand, sMMO have a broader substrate range than pMMO which makes it more attractive for several biotechnological applications (Chistoserdova and Lidstrom, 2013; Smith et al., 2010)....

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  • ...Firstly, oxidation is catalyzed by formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FaDH) which is either NADlinked or PQQ-containing and cytochrome-linked enzyme (Chistoserdova and Lidstrom, 2013; Smith et al., 2010)....

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  • ...Table (2-1): Particulate and Soluble Methane Monooxygenase (pMMO and sMMO) Enzymes Properties The produced methanol is oxidized further to formaldehyde via the quinoprotein methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) located in the periplasm, equation (2-4) (Chistoserdova and Lidstrom, 2013; Smith et al., 2010)....

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  • ...Afterwards, PPQH2 is oxidized and transfer electrons (2 electrons) either to the terminal oxidase with cytochromes-c and other carriers as intermediates or to reduce the pMMO electron donor as previously described (Chistoserdova and Lidstrom, 2013; Hanson and Hanson, 1996; Smith et al., 2010)....

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  • ...This last reaction is catalyzed by the NAD dependent enzyme formate dehydrogenase (FDH) which functions as sMMO electron source (Smith et al., 2010)....

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References
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01 Jan 1982

903 citations

Book
01 Jun 1982

817 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
10 Mar 2005-Nature
TL;DR: The structure of pMMO is determined from the methanotroph Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) to a resolution of 2.8 Å and provides new insight into the molecular details of biological methane oxidation.
Abstract: Particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) is an integral membrane metalloenzyme that catalyses the conversion of methane to methanol. Knowledge of how pMMO performs this extremely challenging chemistry may have an impact on the use of methane as an alternative energy source by facilitating the development of new synthetic catalysts. We have determined the structure of pMMO from the methanotroph Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) to a resolution of 2.8 A. The enzyme is a trimer with an α3β3γ3 polypeptide arrangement. Two metal centres, modelled as mononuclear copper and dinuclear copper, are located in soluble regions of each pmoB subunit, which resembles cytochrome c oxidase subunit II. A third metal centre, occupied by zinc in the crystal, is located within the membrane. The structure provides new insight into the molecular details of biological methane oxidation. Methane is the main component of natural gas, so there is keen interest in methods of converting it into liquids such as methanol for use as alternatives to petroleum. But it is also the most inert hydrocarbon, and no practical catalysts have been developed to crack the problem. Methane-eating bacteria have cracked it, however, most of them with the enzyme methane monooxygenase. The structure of this enzyme has now been determined to 2.8 A resolution, revealing that the protein contains three monomers and three metal centres. Future work to establish which of the metal centres is catalytic and how the electrons needed to oxidize methane are delivered may facilitate development of synthetic catalysts to convert methane into methanol.

585 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Methanotrophs are bacteria that live on methane as their only source of carbon and the first step in their utilization is its selective conversion to methanol, which in turn is processed into biomass.
Abstract: Methanotrophs are bacteria that live on methane as their only source of carbon.1 The first step in their utilization of this simplest of all hydrocarbons is its selective conversion to methanol. Subsequent biochemical pathways transform methanol to formaldehyde, which in turn is processed into biomass. Further oxidation of formaldehyde to carbon dioxide provides energy that is stored for later use as NADH.2 The conversion of methane to methanol is catalyzed at the active site of a metalloenzyme known as methane monooxygenase, or MMO.3-9

417 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the metabolic aspects of aerobic obligate methanotrophy, a unique group of gram-negative bacteria that use methane as carbon and energy source and a vital role in the global methane cycle.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the metabolic aspects of aerobic obligate methanotrophy. Aerobic methanotrophs are a unique group of gram-negative bacteria that use methane as carbon and energy source. Methanotrophs have been studied intensively over the past 40 years since these bacteria possess significant metabolic potential for practical use in the biotransformation of a variety of organic substrates, bioremediation of pollutants the production of single-cell protein (SCP), and value-added products. They also play a vital role in the global methane cycle, mitigating the emissions and green-house effects of methane on the Earth's climate. Methanotrophs build all of their cell constituents from C1 compounds by employing special biosynthetic pathways for phosphotrioses, which are different from those of heterotrophic bacteria.

394 citations

Trending Questions (1)
What are the Methane gas influence the production of single cell protein from Methane oxydising bacteria?

The paper does not provide information on how methane gas influences the production of single cell protein from methane oxidizing bacteria.