Phyto-assisted synthesis, characterization and applications of gold nanoparticles – A review
TL;DR: This review mainly focused on plants which include scientific name, family name, common name, plant parts, its characterization, size and shape of the nanoparticles, and their potential applications.
Abstract: Nanotechnology is the formation, running and use of operation at the nanomaterial size scale (1-100 nm). Nanoscale materials can also be obtained by biological synthesis materials via eco-friendly green chemistry based technique. Current development and numerous strategies involved in the green synthesis of nanoparticles were focussed. This review mainly focused on plants which include scientific name, family name, common name, plant parts, its characterization, size and shape of the nanoparticles. Plant extract which was done experimentally gives its various characterization which leads to the identification of compounds of different nano size and shape. Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles is in different shapes like spherical, rod, cubic, triangle and also in different sizes. Various application and importance of gold nanoparticles in numerous fields were discussed. The mark of the review is to provide an overview of recent learning in biosynthesized nanoparticles, its characterization and their potential applications.
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TL;DR: A review in gold nanoparticles focusing on chemical reduction synthesis mechanisms is presented in this paper, where the most commonly used synthesis methods are: Turkevich Method, NaBH4 with/without citrate, Seeding-Growth, Synthesis by Ascorbic Acid, Green Synthesis, Brust-Schiffrin, and synthesis using other reducing agents.
244 citations
TL;DR: This review focuses on recent advances in various methods of synthesis of gold nanoparticles and strategies of functionalization and mechanisms of application of AuNPs in drug and bio-macromolecule delivery and release of payloads at target site are comprehensively discussed.
Abstract: Metal nanoparticles are being extensively used in biomedical fields due to their small size-to-volume ratio and extensive thermal stability. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are an obvious choice for biomedical applications due to their amenability of synthesis, stabilization, and functionalization, low toxicity, and ease of detection. In the past few decades, various chemical methods have been used for the synthesis of AuNPs, but recently, newer environment friendly green approaches for the synthesis of AuNPs have gained attention. AuNPs can be conjugated with a number of functionalizing moieties including ligands, therapeutic agents, DNA, amino acids, proteins, peptides, and oligonucleotides. Recently, studies have shown that gold nanoparticles not only infiltrate the blood vessels to reach the site of tumor but also enter inside the organelles, suggesting that they can be employed as effective drug carriers. Moreover, after reaching their target site, gold nanoparticles can release their payload upon an external or internal stimulus. This review focuses on recent advances in various methods of synthesis of AuNPs. In addition, strategies of functionalization and mechanisms of application of AuNPs in drug and bio-macromolecule delivery and release of payloads at target site are comprehensively discussed.
167 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the most recent advancement in heat transfer fluids, their preparation and stability issues when doped with nanoparticles are discussed and compared and their preparation methods and properties are discussed.
109 citations
TL;DR: The cytotoxicity and bacterial tests showed the effectiveness of biogenic Pt nanoparticles, and Pt NPs showed high zone diameters against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria at concentrations of 100 and 500 μg/ml.
97 citations
TL;DR: This review has focused on the antimicrobial properties of metal nanoparticles synthesized using plant-derived secondary metabolites instead of crude extract and the evaluation of the toxicity and safety of phytochemicals coatedMetal nanoparticles has been conducted.
89 citations
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TL;DR: The mechanical properties of nanocrystalline materials are reviewed in this paper, with emphasis on their constitutive response and on the fundamental physical mechanisms, including the deviation from the Hall-Petch slope and possible negative slope, the effect of porosity, the difference between tensile and compressive strength, the limited ductility, the tendency for shear localization, fatigue and creep responses.
3,828 citations
"Phyto-assisted synthesis, character..." refers background in this paper
...The size, shape, overall physiochemical properties and surface structure are processed throughout the process [14]....
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TL;DR: The role of important factors such as solution ionic strength, pH, and particle surface chemistry that control nanoparticle dispersion was examined in this article, where the size and zeta potential of four TiO2 and three quantum dot samples dispersed in different solutions (including one physiological medium) were characterized.
Abstract: Characterizing the state of nanoparticles (such as size, surface charge, and degree of agglomeration) in aqueous suspensions and understanding the parameters that affect this state are imperative for toxicity investigations. In this study, the role of important factors such as solution ionic strength, pH, and particle surface chemistry that control nanoparticle dispersion was examined. The size and zeta potential of four TiO2 and three quantum dot samples dispersed in different solutions (including one physiological medium) were characterized. For 15 nm TiO2 dispersions, the increase of ionic strength from 0.001 M to 0.1 M led to a 50-fold increase in the hydrodynamic diameter, and the variation of pH resulted in significant change of particle surface charge and the hydrodynamic size. It was shown that both adsorbing multiply charged ions (e.g., pyrophosphate ions) onto the TiO2 nanoparticle surface and coating quantum dot nanocrystals with polymers (e.g., polyethylene glycol) suppressed agglomeration and stabilized the dispersions. DLVO theory was used to qualitatively understand nanoparticle dispersion stability. A methodology using different ultrasonication techniques (bath and probe) was developed to distinguish agglomerates from aggregates (strong bonds), and to estimate the extent of particle agglomeration. Probe ultrasonication performed better than bath ultrasonication in dispersing TiO2 agglomerates when the stabilizing agent sodium pyrophosphate was used. Commercially available Degussa P25 and in-house synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles were used to demonstrate identification of aggregated and agglomerated samples.
1,519 citations
TL;DR: This review provides comprehensive analysis of data available on health effects of nanomaterials and predicts a further rise in consumer products relying on nanotechnology.
Abstract: Manmade nanoparticles range from the well-established multi-ton production of carbon black and fumed silica for applications in plastic fillers and car tyres to microgram quantities of fluorescent quantum dots used as markers in biological imaging. As nano-sciences are experiencing massive investment worldwide, there will be a further rise in consumer products relying on nanotechnology. While benefits of nanotechnology are widely publicised, the discussion of the potential effects of their widespread use in the consumer and industrial products are just beginning to emerge. This review provides comprehensive analysis of data available on health effects of nanomaterials.
1,363 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used live plants for the fabrication of nanoparticles and found that the Au nanoparticles are in a crystalline state and showed defects such as twins in the crystal structure and icosahedral nanoparticles were found.
Abstract: In modern nanotechnology one of the most exciting areas is the interaction between inorganic quantum dots and biological structures. For instance gold clusters surrounded by a shell of organic ligands covalently attach to proteins or other biological substances and can be used for labeling in structural biology. In the present report we show the possibility of using live plants for the fabrication of nanoparticles. Alfalfa plants were grown in an AuCl4 rich environment. The absorption of Au metal by the plants was confirmed by X-ray absorption studies (XAS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Atomic resolution analysis confirmed the nucleation and growth of Au nanoparticles inside the plant and that the Au nanoparticles are in a crystalline state. Images also showed defects such as twins in the crystal structure, and in some cases icosahedral nanoparticles were found. X-ray EDS studies corroborated that the nanoparticles are pure gold. This is the first report on the formation of gold nanoparticl...
845 citations
"Phyto-assisted synthesis, character..." refers methods in this paper
...Intracellular methods for synthesizing of nanoparticles includes growing the plant in metal-rich organic media [7], metal-rich soil [8], metal-rich hydroponic solution [9]....
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TL;DR: The novel biological properties and applications of three most widely used metal nanoparticles, namely, the nanoparticles of gold, silver and platinum are discussed.
794 citations
"Phyto-assisted synthesis, character..." refers background in this paper
...1) [4], in separation sciences and disease diagnosis [5]....
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