TL;DR: In this paper, the phytochemical screening and antioxidant properties of the ethanolic extract of Termitomyces clypeatus were evaluated through superoxide radical scavenging assay, DPPH radical scavengence assay, chelating ability, reducing power and total antioxidant capacity determining assays.
Abstract: Article history: Received on: 11/03/2016 Revised on: 22/04/2016 Accepted on: 01/06/2016 Available online: 28/07/2016 The present study documents the phytochemical screening and antioxidant properties of ethanolic extract of Termitomyces clypeatus. Phytochemical constituents like phenols, flavonoids and ascorbic acid were much higher than β carotene and lycopene. The analysis of the phenolic compounds performed by HPLC, revealed the presence of pyrogallol (0.223 μg/mg) and cinnamic acid (0.095 μg/mg). Antioxidant activity was evaluated through superoxide radical scavenging assay, DPPH radical scavenging assay, chelating ability, reducing power and total antioxidant capacity determining assays. Their EC50 values ranged from 0.21 μg/ml to 3.22 mg/ml. Result implies that T. clypeatus can not only serve as a food supplement but also be used as treatment for various oxidative stress related diseases.
TL;DR: In this paper, a pharmacognostic standard of the dried powder of Volvariella volvacea has been established with a view to establish a pharmacological standard for the mushroom.
Abstract: From ancient times, Volvariella volvacea has been recognized as a dietary addition in many Asian and European countries. Clinical evaluations have also revealed that the fruit body contains a great diversity of pharmacologically active constituents that posses remarkable medicinal activities. However pharmacognostic studies of the mushroom have not been carried out so far. So the present study was conducted with a view to establish a pharmacognostic standard of the dried powder of V. volvacea. Study was executed on the basis of microscopic, physical characters and phytochemical parameters using standard methods. Fluorescence analysis of the dried powder was also conducted using different chemical reagents. On the other hand, a fresh methanol soluble extract was prepared and prelimiminary screening of phytochemicals revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, β-carotene and lycopene. In addition, HPLC profile was recorded and results showed existence of 12 peaks as detected at 278 nm which might be of phenolic compounds. Furthermore, DPPH radical scavenging activity (EC50-0.12 mg/ml) and total antioxidant capacity (23.75±1.25 μg ascorbic acid equivalent/mg of extract) were conducted to evaluate antioxidant potentiality of the methanol extract. All these above mentioned standards developed from this study will help in maintaining quality and purity as well as ascertain the identity and authenticity of dried powder of V. volvacea.
6 citations
Cites background from "Phytochemical Study and Antioxidati..."
...Different mushroom metabolites and active components
have shown strong medicinal prospects (Khatua et al., 2013; Mitra et al., 2016; Chatterjee et al., 2014; Chatterjee et al., 2016; Mallick et al., 2014; Mallick et al., 2015; Nandi et al., 2014; Nandi et al., 2013)....
Abstract: The present study aimed at the evaluation of chemical composition and bioactive potential of methanolic extract obtained from Lepista sordida in terms of antioxidative and antimicrobial efficacy. The macrofungus is recognized for its high nutritional value and medicinal properties. However, to the best of our knowledge bioactivity of its methanolic extract is yet to be explored. In this investigation, quantitative analysis of mycochemicals revealed the extract contained significant amount of phenolic compounds such as phenols and flavonoids. Ascorbic acid was found in higher amount than β carotene and lycopene which were present in vestigial amounts. A phenolic profile was also determined using high performance liquid chromatography that further confirmed the presence of 10 phenolic constituents in the extract. Furthermore, the extract was subjected for determining antioxidant potential in different in-vitro assays. The findings showed remarkable 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ABTS radical scavenging ability which was evident by low EC50 values, 330 µg/mL and 30 µg/mL respectively. The extract also demonstrated good chelating and reducing ability, an important marker of antioxidant compounds. Antimicrobial screening displayed positive results against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Altogether, the observations recommend therapeutic application of this mycotaxon on a commercial basis.
3 citations
Cites background from "Phytochemical Study and Antioxidati..."
...In our previous publication, chelating ability of ethanolic extract from Termitomyces clypeatus had been recorded (Mitra et al., 2016) which exhibited higher EC50 value of 0....
TL;DR: A brief review of the current findings through an overview of recently published literature involving taxonomic updates, diversity, distribution, ethno-medicinal uses, nutritional value, medicinal importance, and industrial implementations of Termitomyces, as well as its socioeconomic importance is presented in this article .
Abstract: Termite mushrooms have been classified to the genus Termitomyces, family Lyophyllaceae, order Agaricales. These mushrooms form a mutualistic association with termites in the subfamily Macrotermitinae. In fact, all Termitomyces species are edible and have unique food value attributed to their texture, flavour, nutrient content, and beneficial mediational properties. Additionally, Termitomyces have been recognized for their ethno-medicinal importance in various indigenous communities throughout Asia and Africa. Recent studies on Termitomyces have indicated that their bioactive compounds have the potential to fight against certain human diseases such as cancer, hyperlipidaemia, gastroduodenal diseases, and Alzheimer’s. Furthermore, they possess various beneficial antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Moreover, different enzymes produced from Termitomyces have the potential to be used in a range of industrial applications. Herein, we present a brief review of the current findings through an overview of recently published literature involving taxonomic updates, diversity, distribution, ethno-medicinal uses, nutritional value, medicinal importance, and industrial implementations of Termitomyces, as well as its socioeconomic importance.
TL;DR: This study documents five species of Termitomyces distributed in the forests, plantations and grasslands of the Western Ghats and west coast of India and recommends strategies for conservation of their habitat and sustainable harvesting of this human nutritional source as an alternative to plant- and animalderived foods.
Abstract: This study documents five species of Termitomyces distributed in the forests, plantations and grasslands of the Western Ghats and west coast of India. Occurrence and distribution of Termitomyces have been assessed based on literature and the present survey. Descriptions of recorded Termitomyces species are given along with diagnostic features for identification. Traditional knowledge of Termitomyces has been documented based on the experience of a tribal sect and the local population. As termitomycetes are largely uncultivable, strategies are recommended for conservation of their habitat and sustainable harvesting of this human nutritional source as an alternative to plant- and animalderived foods.
30 citations
Additional excerpts
...Identification was done following standard literature (Karun and Sridhar, 2013)....
TL;DR: The PS exhibited antioxidant properties and was isolated from the aqueous extract of an edible mushroom Termitomyces clypeatus using total hydrolysis, methylation analysis, Smith degradation, and 1D/2D NMR experiments.
26 citations
"Phytochemical Study and Antioxidati..." refers background in this paper
...Recently a water soluble pure polysaccharide with average molecular weight of ~1.98 X 10 5 Da was isolated from T. clypeatus having strong antioxidative properties (Pattanayak et al., 2015)....
TL;DR: This review summarizes the medicinal value of different edible mushrooms on free radical–, xenobiotic-, and drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
Abstract: Liver, the most important metabolic organ of the body, is also the major organ for the detoxification of the blood stream. If the accumulation of toxins is faster than their removal by liver, hepatic damage occurs. Although synthetic drugs are available in the market, long-term use of such drugs has consequential side effects. Therefore, the growing need to find safe, cost-effective drugs devoid of adverse effects is spawning extensive research. Mushrooms are rising as a major medicinal food and pharmaceuticals. This review summarizes the medicinal value of different edible mushrooms on free radical–, xenobiotic-, and drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
TL;DR: The present data suggests that the Fa fraction of T. giganteum might extend its chemopreventive potential by modulating lipid peroxidation, augmenting antioxidant defense system, inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis.
Abstract: A convenient animal model of forestomach cancer is compelling for development of chemopreventive strategies. The present study was an effort to identify the chemopreventive role of Tricholoma giganteum Fa fraction (80% ethanolic extract) against benzo[a]pyrene-induced forestomach cancer in Swiss albino mice. B[a]P-induced large numbers of tumors at forestomach and also caused abnormal alterations in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, reduced glutathione and lactate dehydrogenase. Fa fraction administration effectively suppressed forestomach cancer as revealed by the decrease in lipid peroxidation and all the above alterations were observed to return towards normal. The preventive effect could be occurring possibly by regulating expression of some critical genes associated with cell cycle and apoptosis such as p53, p21, Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, Bax and cyclinD1. The treatment profoundly reverted back the histopathological changes observed in cancerous animals and thus further supports our findings. Our present data suggests that the Fa fraction of T. giganteum might extend its chemopreventive potential by modulating lipid peroxidation, augmenting antioxidant defense system, inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis.
15 citations
"Phytochemical Study and Antioxidati..." refers background in this paper
...…or prevent underlying
* Corresponding Author Email: krish_paper@yahoo.com
oxidative stress related pathological conditions such as cancer (Chatterjee et al., 2014), heart ailments (Biswas et al., 2011), diabetes (Biswas and Acharya, 2013), inflammation (Biswas et al., 2010), gastric…...
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...com oxidative stress related pathological conditions such as cancer (Chatterjee et al., 2014), heart ailments (Biswas et al....
TL;DR: In this paper, the in vitro antioxidant activity of Russula al bonigra was tested for in vitro, namely, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, chelating effect on ferrous ions, re ducing power and total antioxidant capacity.
Abstract: Ethanolic fraction from edible mushroom, Russula al bonigra, was tested for in vitro antioxidant activity, namely, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scaven gi g activity, chelating effect on ferrous ions, re ducing power and total antioxidant capacity assay and a quantita tive estimation of putative antioxidant components like total phenol, flavonoid, β-carotene, lycopene and ascorbic acid was carried o ut. Findings showed that EC 50 values were below 1 mg /ml except DPPH radical scavenging test. The extract exhibited 50% DPPH radical scavenging activity at only 1.8 mg /ml concentration. Estimated putativ e antioxidant components was in order of phenol > f lavonoids > ascorbic acid > β-carotene> lycopene. Result implies that Russula al bonigra can be a potential source of natural antioxidant which may be used as food suplement to treat various oxidative stress related diseases.
12 citations
"Phytochemical Study and Antioxidati..." refers background in this paper
...…ion chelating efficacy (Figure 2 c.) with EC50 value at 0.21 ± 0.03 mg/ml, which indicated that it was a far better chelator than Termitomyces medius (0.68 mg/ml), Russula albonigra (0.81 mg/ml) and Amanita vaginata (0.73 mg/ml) (Mitra et al., 2014, Dasgupta et al., 2014, Paloi and Acharya, 2014)....
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...EC50 value of it was much lower than that of ethanolic extract of Termitomyces medius (1.40 mg/ml) and Russula albonigra (0.74 mg/ml) (Mitra et al., 2014; Dasgupta et al., 2014)....