Phytochemicals of Brassicaceae in plant protection and human health - Influences of climate, environment and agronomic practice
TL;DR: The role of glucosinolates and other phytochemical compounds present in the Brassicaceae in relation to plant protection and human health is provided and multi-factorial approaches are briefly discussed.
About: This article is published in Phytochemistry.The article was published on 2011-05-01. It has received 338 citations till now.
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TL;DR: Interactions between ingested fermented food, intestinal microbiota and their correlations to metabolomics profiles and health represent an important perspective deserving to be further explored.
337 citations
TL;DR: The fact that the exogenous addition of glucosinolate hydrolysis products may alleviate certain stress conditions through its effect on specific proteins is described in light of the recent reports, but the molecular mechanisms involved in this response merit further research.
Abstract: Glucosinolates, a class of secondary metabolites, mainly found in Brassicaceae, are affected by the changing environment. This review is focusing on the physiological significance of glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products in the plant response to different abiotic stresses. Special attention is paid to the crosstalk between some of the physiological processes involved in stress response and glucosinolate metabolism, with the resulting connection between both pathways in which signaling mechanisms glucosinolate may act as signals themselves. The function of glucosinolates, further than in defense switching, is discussed in terms of alleviating pathogen attack under abiotic stress. The fact that the exogenous addition of glucosinolate hydrolysis products may alleviate certain stress conditions through its effect on specific proteins is described in light of the recent reports, but the molecular mechanisms involved in this response merit further research. Finally, the transient allocation and re-distribution of glucosinolates as a response to environmental changes is summarized.
259 citations
Cites background from "Phytochemicals of Brassicaceae in p..."
...concerning the effect of light intensity and quality on glucosinolate concentrations [76] depending on plant genotype, as well as the particular glucosinolate....
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TL;DR: Understanding how plant tissues and their specific secondary metabolic pathways respond to specific treatments with elicitors would be the basis for designing protocols to enhance the production of secondary metabolites, in order to produce quality and healthy fresh foods.
Abstract: Elicitation is a good strategy to induce physiological changes and stimulate defense or stress-induced responses in plants. The elicitor treatments trigger the synthesis of phytochemical compounds in fruits, vegetables and herbs. These metabolites have been widely investigated as bioactive compounds responsible of plant cell adaptation to the environment, specific organoleptic properties of foods, and protective effects in human cells against oxidative processes in the development of neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer. Biotic (biological origin), abiotic (chemical or physical origin) elicitors and phytohormones have been applied alone or in combinations, in hydroponic solutions or sprays, and in different selected time points of the plant growth or during post-harvest. Understanding how plant tissues and their specific secondary metabolic pathways respond to specific treatments with elicitors would be the basis for designing protocols to enhance the production of secondary metabolites, in order to produce quality and healthy fresh foods.
246 citations
Cites background from "Phytochemicals of Brassicaceae in p..."
...There was a significant decrease in the fixation of CO2 (20...
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...gastrointestinal tract, lung, colon, bladder, pancreas, skin, breast and prostate [9]....
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...Biotic and abiotic stresses (variation in agronomical conditions, such as plant organ, plant competition, fertilization, pH, season, climate, water availability, light, and CO2 [9]) are expressed in plants by a series of morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular changes that adversely affect plant growth and productivity [72]....
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TL;DR: This review will cover several in vitro and in vivo research studies, as well as clinical trials, and highlight the potential of natural antioxidants in the treatment of patients with neurological disorders.
Abstract: Neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease, present a major health issue and financial burden for health care systems around the world. The impact of these diseases will further increase over the next decades due to increasing life expectancies. No cure is currently available for the treatment of these conditions; only drugs, which merely alleviate the symptoms. Oxidative stress has long been associated with neurodegeneration, whether as a cause or as part of the downstream results caused by other factors. Thus, the use of antioxidants to counter cellular oxidative stress within the nervous system has been suggested as a potential treatment option for neurological disorders. Over the last decade, significant research has focused on the potential use of natural antioxidants to target oxidative stress. However, clinical trial results have lacked success for the treatment of patients with neurological disorders. The knowledge that natural extracts show other positive molecular activities in addition to antioxidant activity, however, has led to further research of natural extracts for their potential use as prevention or treatment/management of neurodegenerative diseases. This review will cover several in vitro and in vivo research studies, as well as clinical trials, and highlight the potential of natural antioxidants.
172 citations
Cites background from "Phytochemicals of Brassicaceae in p..."
...Hence, the in vitro and in vivo effects of phytoche icals have sho n intense interest as testified in the literature, including their ability to treat and prevent neurodegeneration [28,45,48,51]....
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...Hence, the in vitro and in vivo effects of phytochemicals have shown intense interest as testified in the literature, including their ability to treat and prevent neurodegeneration [28,45,48,51]....
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TL;DR: An overview of kale's botanical characteristics, agronomic requirements, contemporary and traditional use, macronutrient and phytochemical content and biological activity, in order to point out the reasons for tremendous kale popularity.
Abstract: Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) is a cruciferous vegetable, characterized by leaves along the stem, which, in recent years, have gained a great popularity as a ´superfood´. Consequently, in a popular culture it is listed in many ´lists of the healthiest vegetables´. Without the doubt, a scientific evidences support the fact that cruciferous vegetables included in human diet can positively affect health and well-being, but remains unclear why kale is declared superior in comparison with other cruciferous. It is questionable if this statement about kale is triggered by scientific evidence or by some other factors. Our review aims to bring an overview of kale's botanical characteristics, agronomic requirements, contemporary and traditional use, macronutrient and phytochemical content and biological activity, in order to point out the reasons for tremendous kale popularity.
134 citations
Cites background from "Phytochemicals of Brassicaceae in p..."
...…positive effect of the cruciferous vegetables in cancers prevention might be associated with the presence of health-promoting phytochemicals such as glucosinolates, polyphenols and carotenoids (Ferreres et al. 2009, Bj€orkman et al. 2011, Becerra-Moreno et al. 2013; Samec and Salopek-Sondi 2018)....
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...…and essentials minerals (especially K, Ca, Mg, Fe and Cu) (Ayaz et al. 2006; Jahangir et al. 2009; Eryilmaz Acikgoz and Deveci 2011; Thavarajah et al. 2016) but their level may depend on the the environmental and growing factors (Fadigas et al. 2010; Bj€orkman et al. 2011; Westwood et al. 2014)....
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References
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TL;DR: This review addresses the complex array of glucosinolates, the precursors of isothiocyanates, present in sixteen families of dicotyledonous angiosperms including a large number of edible species including Brassica vegetables.
2,679 citations
"Phytochemicals of Brassicaceae in p..." refers background in this paper
...Both total level and profile of glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products, vary between Brassica species and cultivars (Cartea et al., 2008; Castro et al., 2004; Charron et al., 2005; Fahey et al., 2001; Mithen, 2000; Nakamura et al., 2008; O’Hare et al., 2008; Velasco et al., 2008)....
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TL;DR: Glucosinolates are sulfur-rich, anionic natural products that upon hydrolysis by endogenous thioglucosidases called myrosinases produce several different products that function as cancer-preventing agents, biopesticides, and flavor compounds.
Abstract: Glucosinolates are sulfur-rich, anionic natural products that upon hydrolysis by endogenous thioglucosidases called myrosinases produce several different products (e.g., isothiocyanates, thiocyanates, and nitriles). The hydrolysis products have many different biological activities, e.g., as defense compounds and attractants. For humans these compounds function as cancer-preventing agents, biopesticides, and flavor compounds. Since the completion of the Arabidopsis genome, glucosinolate research has made significant progress, resulting in near-complete elucidation of the core biosynthetic pathway, identification of the first regulators of the pathway, metabolic engineering of specific glucosinolate profiles to study function, as well as identification of evolutionary links to related pathways. Although much has been learned in recent years, much more awaits discovery before we fully understand how and why plants synthesize glucosinolates. This may enable us to more fully exploit the potential of these compounds in agriculture and medicine.
1,955 citations
"Phytochemicals of Brassicaceae in p..." refers background in this paper
...For pathogens, the ability to cause enough cell damage to activate the glucosinolate–myrosinase system has been questioned (Halkier and Gershenzon, 2006)....
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...The biosynthesis of glucosinolates has largely been solved (see reviews by Grubb and Abel (2006), Halkier and Gershenzon (2006), Sønderby et al. (2010a)) and the steps of the biosynthesis of both aliphatic and indole glucosinolates can be divided into three phases: (1) recruitment of precursor…...
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TL;DR: The principles of the strategy are described, the potential components are listed, and case studies reviewing work on the development and use of push-pull strategies in each of the major areas of pest control are presented.
Abstract: Push-pull strategies involve the behavioral manipulation of insect pests and their natural enemies via the integration of stimuli that act to make the protected resource unattractive or unsuitable to the pests (push) while luring them toward an attractive source (pull) from where the pests are subsequently removed. The push and pull components are generally nontoxic. Therefore, the strategies are usually integrated with methods for population reduction, preferably biological control. Push-pull strategies maximize efficacy of behavior-manipulating stimuli through the additive and synergistic effects of integrating their use. By orchestrating a predictable distribution of pests, efficiency of population-reducing components can also be increased. The strategy is a useful tool for integrated pest management programs reducing pesticide input. We describe the principles of the strategy, list the potential components, and present case studies reviewing work on the development and use of push-pull strategies in each of the major areas of pest control.
1,245 citations
"Phytochemicals of Brassicaceae in p..." refers background in this paper
...The push– pull strategy (Cook et al., 2007) or stimulo-deterrent-diversionary strategy (Miller and Cowles, 1990) is probably the most comprehensive approach for insect control since it amalgamates a number of different behavioral stimuli that, in combination, provide an effective and robust manipulation of the distribution and abundance of the target pest....
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...Merging intercropping with trap cropping in so called ‘push– pull’ strategies is likely to have a greater potential for pest control than using each system in isolation (Cook et al., 2007)....
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TL;DR: The authors showed that 3-day-old sprouts of certain crucifers including broccoli and cauliflower contain 10-100 times higher levels of glucoraphanin (the glucosinolate of sulforaphane) than do the corresponding mature plants.
Abstract: Induction of phase 2 detoxication enzymes [e.g., glutathione transferases, epoxide hydrolase, NAD(P)H: quinone reductase, and glucuronosyltransferases] is a powerful strategy for achieving protection against carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, and other forms of toxicity of electrophiles and reactive forms of oxygen. Since consumption of large quantities of fruit and vegetables is associated with a striking reduction in the risk of developing a variety of malignancies, it is of interest that a number of edible plants contain substantial quantities of compounds that regulate mammalian enzymes of xenobiotic metabolism. Thus, edible plants belonging to the family Cruciferae and genus Brassica (e.g., broccoli and cauliflower) contain substantial quantities of isothiocyanates (mostly in the form of their glucosinolate precursors) some of which (e.g., sulforaphane or 4-methylsulfinylbutyl isothiocyanate) are very potent inducers of phase 2 enzymes. Unexpectedly, 3-day-old sprouts of cultivars of certain crucifers including broccoli and cauliflower contain 10-100 times higher levels of glucoraphanin (the glucosinolate of sulforaphane) than do the corresponding mature plants. Glucosinolates and isothiocyanates can be efficiently extracted from plants, without hydrolysis of glucosinolates by myrosinase, by homogenization in a mixture of equal volumes of dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, and acetonitrile at -50 degrees C. Extracts of 3-day-old broccoli sprouts (containing either glucoraphanin or sulforaphane as the principal enzyme inducer) were highly effective in reducing the incidence, multiplicity, and rate of development of mammary tumors in dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-treated rats. Notably, sprouts of many broccoli cultivars contain negligible quantities of indole glucosinolates, which predominate in the mature vegetable and may give rise to degradation products (e.g., indole-3-carbinol) that can enhance tumorigenesis. Hence, small quantities of crucifer sprouts may protect against the risk of cancer as effectively as much larger quantities of mature vegetables of the same variety.
1,182 citations
"Phytochemicals of Brassicaceae in p..." refers background in this paper
...Fahey et al. (1997) found that broccoli and cauliflower sprouts (3 days old) contained 10– 100 times higher levels of glucoraphanin per gram compared to the corresponding mature plants....
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01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: This article showed that 3-day-old sprouts of certain crucifers including broccoli and caulif lower contain 10-100 times higher levels of glucoraphanin (the glucosinolate of sulforaphane) than do the corresponding mature plants.
Abstract: Induction of phase 2 detoxication enzymes (e.g., glutathione transferases, epoxide hydrolase, NAD(P)H: quinone reductase, and glucuronosyltransferases) is a pow- erful strategy for achieving protection against carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, and other forms of toxicity of electrophiles and reactive forms of oxygen. Since consumption of large quanti- ties of fruit and vegetables is associated with a striking reduction in the risk of developing a variety of malignancies, it is of interest that a number of edible plants contain substantial quantities of compounds that regulate mamma- lian enzymes of xenobiotic metabolism. Thus, edible plants belonging to the family Cruciferae and genus Brassica (e.g., broccoli and caulif lower) contain substantial quantities of isothiocyanates (mostly in the form of their glucosinolate precursors) some of which (e.g., sulforaphane or 4- methylsulfinylbutyl isothiocyanate) are very potent inducers of phase 2 enzymes. Unexpectedly, 3-day-old sprouts of cul- tivars of certain crucifers including broccoli and caulif lower contain 10-100 times higher levels of glucoraphanin (the glucosinolate of sulforaphane) than do the corresponding mature plants. Glucosinolates and isothiocyanates can be efficiently extracted from plants, without hydrolysis of glu- cosinolates by myrosinase, by homogenization in a mixture of equal volumes of dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, and acetonitrile at 250°C. Extracts of 3-day-old broccoli sprouts (containing either glucoraphanin or sulforaphane as the principal enzyme inducer) were highly effective in reducing the incidence, multiplicity, and rate of development of mam- mary tumors in dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-treated rats. No- tably, sprouts of many broccoli cultivars contain negligible quantities of indole glucosinolates, which predominate in the mature vegetable and may give rise to degradation products (e.g., indole-3-carbinol) that can enhance tumorigenesis. Hence, small quantities of crucifer sprouts may protect against the risk of cancer as effectively as much larger quantities of mature vegetables of the same variety.
1,162 citations