Phytofiltration of Metal(loid)-Contaminated Water: The Potential of Native Aquatic Plants
01 Jan 2016-pp 305-343
TL;DR: In this article, a general description of the results obtained in native aquatic plant species from Portugal (South Western Europe), for the assessment of the potential for phyto-filtration techniques of multielement contaminated water is presented.
Abstract: This work constitutes a general description of the results obtained in native aquatic plant species from Portugal (South Western Europe), for the assessment of the potential for phytofiltration techniques of multielement contaminated water. Uptake patterns for metal(loid)s studied indicate the following features: Uranium accumulation in the range of 243–4979 mg/kg (DW) in Fontinalis antipyretica, Callitriche stagnalis, Callitriche hamulata, Callitriche lusitanica, and Ranunculus peltatus; Arsenic concentration from 346 to 2346 mg/kg in C. lusitanica, C. brutia, Lemna minor, Azolla caroliniana, R. trichophyllus, C. stagnalis, and F. antipyretica; Lead from 90.5 to 1104 mg/kg in R. trichophyllus, rhizomes/roots of Typha latifolia, L. minor, Spirodela polyrrhiza, and Myriophyllum spicatum; Copper from 81.8 to 161 mg/kg in C. lusitanica, C. hamulata, R. trichophyllus, and C. stagnalis; and Zinc from 900 to 34,162 mg/kg in L. minor, Lemanea fluviatilis, C. lusitanica, C. brutia, R. trichophyllus, F. antipyretica, and C. stagnalis. The abundance of some of these plant species, their biomass, relatively high bioproductivity, and their ability to accumulate several toxic elements collectively indicates their potential for the development of phytofiltration methodologies, either in monoculture systems or in combined systems representing natural ecosystems.
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TL;DR: In this article, a review article summarizes the available knowledge on rhizoremediation with respect to plant selection, inoculation with specific microbial strains (hydrocarbon-degrading as well as plant growth-promoting microbes) and a variety of soil amendments for enhancing the remediation efficiency.
83 citations
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TL;DR: Lemna valdiviana has been shown to be an arsenic bioaccumulating macrophyte with high phytoremediation potential for media contaminated with the metalloid.
44 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the potential of aquatic plants such as free-floating, submerged, and emergent plants, and also microalgae for removal of P in different types of wastewaters was reviewed.
Abstract: Phosphorus (P) is a vital nutrient for the ecosystems and its excess in wastewater streams leads to some environmental issues such as extensive algae growth (eutrophication). Phytoremediation is a green technology that is based on the combined actions of plants and their associated microbial groups to remove and transfer the toxic compounds in surface water, groundwater and soil. Aquatic plants are widely used for the remediation of contaminated rivers, eutrophic lakes, and other water bodies. In the past three decades, free-floating, submerged, emergent macrophytes and microalgae species have been used for P removal in aquatic plant-based systems such as constructed wetlands (CWs). This paper reviews the recent studies on the potential of aquatic plants such as free-floating, submerged, and emergent plants, and also microalgae for removal of P in different types of wastewaters. Several parameters such as plant species, hydraulic retention time, temperature, type of CWs, effluent concentration, and seasonal changes have effects on P removal. Based on the findings, some of the species such as Azolla and water hyacinth had the highest uptake ability up to 90% while algae species such as Chlorella showed about 70% of P removal. In addition, the mixed culture of aquatic plants can increase P removal if the interaction of the species is considered before cultivation in CWs.
20 citations
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight the U concentrations in water-soil-plant matrices and the efficiency of a heterogeneous set of native terrestrial and aquatic plant species in controlling the environmental U contamination in selected case studies.
Abstract: Uranium-contaminated sites are a worrying environmental issue around the world. Accordingly, several programs for the environmental remediation and rehabilitation of U-contaminated sites have been developed worldwide, in order to prevent its dispersion in the environment. This chapter highlights the U concentrations in water–soil–plant matrices and the efficiency of a heterogeneous set of native terrestrial and aquatic plant species in controlling the environmental U contamination in selected case studies. The uptake of U by plants, combined with other removal processes naturally occurring in ecosystems, constitute a form of natural attenuation of contamination. For example, from the case studies presented in this chapter, the high U accumulation patterns of some aquatic plant species, or a consistent preferential trend of U accumulation in the roots/rhizomes of terrestrial plants, confirm their potential for the phytofiltration of U-contaminated waters or for the phytostabilization of U in the soil/sediment rhizosphere, respectively.
17 citations
References
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TL;DR: The scale of the problem in terms of population exposed to high As concentrations is greatest in the Bengal Basin with more than 40 million people drinking water containing ‘excessive’ As as mentioned in this paper.
6,741 citations
Book•
15 Aug 1990TL;DR: The state of the art in the field of biosorption is reviewed, with many references to recent reviews and key individual contributions, and the composition of marine algae polysaccharide structures, which seem instrumental in metal uptake and binding are discussed.
Abstract: Only within the past decade has the potential of metal biosorption by biomass materials been well established. For economic reasons, of particular interest are abundant biomass types generated as a waste byproduct of large-scale industrial fermentations or certain metal-binding algae found in large quantities in the sea. These biomass types serve as a basis for newly developed metal biosorption processes foreseen particularly as a very competitive means for the detoxification of metal-bearing industrial effluents. The assessment of the metal-binding capacity of some new biosorbents is discussed. Lead and cadmium, for instance, have been effectively removed from very dilute solutions by the dried biomass of some ubiquitous species of brown marine algae such as Ascophyllum and Sargassum, which accumulate more than 30% of biomass dry weight in the metal. Mycelia of the industrial steroid-transforming fungi Rhizopus and Absidia are excellent biosorbents for lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, and uranium and also bind other heavy metals up to 25% of the biomass dry weight. Biosorption isotherm curves, derived from equilibrium batch sorption experiments, are used in the evaluation of metal uptake by different biosorbents. Further studies are focusing on the assessment of biosorbent performance in dynamic continuous-flow sorption systems. In the course of this work, new methodologies are being developed that are aimed at mathematical modeling of biosorption systems and their effective optimization. Elucidation of mechanisms active in metal biosorption is essential for successful exploitation of the phenomenon and for regeneration of biosorbent materials in multiple reuse cycles. The complex nature of biosorbent materials makes this task particularly challenging. Discussion focuses on the composition of marine algae polysaccharide structures, which seem instrumental in metal uptake and binding. The state of the art in the field of biosorption is reviewed in this article, with many references to recent reviews and key individual contributions.
3,388 citations
TL;DR: This review article comprehensively discusses the background, concepts and future trends in phytoremediation of heavy metals.
2,718 citations
Book•
29 Jun 2001
TL;DR: In this article, biogeochemical processes are used to regulate metal behavior and regulate the bioavailability of trace metals, and risk assessment and management in metal-contaminated sites.
Abstract: 1 Introduction- 2 Biogeochemical Processes Regulating Metal Behavior- 3 Bioavailability of Trace Metals- 4 Environmental Contamination and Regulation- 5 Ecological and Health Risks of Metals- 6 Risk Assessment and Management in Metal-Contaminated Sites- 7 Arsenic- 8 Cadmium- 9 Chromium- 10 Lead- 11 Mercury- 12 Boron- 13 Copper- 14 Manganese- 15 Molybdenum- 16 Zinc- 17 Nickel- 18 Selenium- 19 Other Trace Elements- Appendix A Tables- Appendix B Abbreviations, Acronyms, Symbols, and Terms- Appendix C Scientific Names for Plants and Animals- About the Author
1,978 citations