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Journal ArticleDOI

Piezoelectric 36-shear mode for [011] poled 24%Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 ferroelectric crystal

09 Feb 2012-Journal of Applied Physics (American Institute of Physics)-Vol. 111, Iss: 3, pp 034107
TL;DR: In this article, Han et al. investigated the piezoelectric 36-shear mode of PIN-PMN-PT crystal and performed the theoretical calculation on d36 by coordinate transformation of a third rank tensor.
Abstract: Superior piezoelectric 36-shear mode of [011] poled Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) in zxt+/−45o cut direction is the first practical piezoelectric 36-shear mode reported [P. Han, “Piezoelectric crystal elements of shear mode and process for preparation,” U.S. patent 7,908,722 B2 (2004)]. The investigation on the piezoelectric 36-shear mode of PIN-PMN-PT crystal was carried out and summarized in this paper. The [011] poled 24%Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PIN-PMN-PT) crystal was chosen for the study owing to its large coercive electrical field and high de-poling temperature. Following an introduction to the concept of the piezoelectric 36-shear mode and targeting to explore the maximum d36, we have performed the theoretical calculation on d36 by coordinate transformation of a third rank tensor. To verify the results of the calculation, the d36 was measured by two ways: strain measurements (piezoelectric converse effect) and charge measurements (piezoelectric direct effect) on the same composi...
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article intends to provide a comprehensive review on the development of relaxor-PT single crystals, spanning material discovery, crystal growth techniques, domain engineering concept, and full-matrix property characterization all the way to device innovations.

450 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a guided wave generation, sensing, and damage detection in metallic plates using in-plane shear (d36 type) piezoelectric wafers as actuators and sensors.
Abstract: This work presents guided wave generation, sensing, and damage detection in metallic plates using in-plane shear (d36 type) piezoelectric wafers as actuators and sensors. The conventional lead zirconate titanate (PZT) based on induced in-plane normal strain (d31 type) has been widely used to excite and receive guided waves in plates, pipes or thin-walled structures. The d36 type of piezoelectric wafer, however, induces in-plane (or called face) shear deformation in the plane normal to its polarization direction. This form of electromechanical coupling generates more significant shear horizontal (SH) waves in certain wave propagation directions, whose amplitudes are much greater than those of Lamb waves. In this paper, an analysis of SH waves generated using in-plane shear electromechanical coupling is firstly presented, followed by a multiphysics finite element analysis for comparison purposes. Voltage responses of both the conventional d31 and the new d36 sensors are obtained for comparison purposes. Results indicate that this type of wafer has the potential to provide a simple quantitative estimation of damage in structural health monitoring.

80 citations


Additional excerpts

  • ...By rotating the crystal wafer around the new Z axis [011] counterclockwise by an angle θ , the piezoelectric coefficient d 36 can be expressed as [10]:...

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work introduces a methodology, inspired by quasi-symmetry breaking, realizing artificial anisotropy by metamaterial design to excite all the nonzero elements in contrast to zero values in natural materials.
Abstract: Designing topological and geometrical structures with extended unnatural parameters (negative, near-zero, ultrahigh, or tunable) and counterintuitive properties is a big challenge in the field of metamaterials, especially for relatively unexplored materials with multiphysics coupling effects. For natural piezoelectric ceramics, only five nonzero elements in the piezoelectric matrix exist, which has impeded the design and application of piezoelectric devices for decades. Here, we introduce a methodology, inspired by quasi-symmetry breaking, realizing artificial anisotropy by metamaterial design to excite all the nonzero elements in contrast to zero values in natural materials. By elaborately programming topological structures and geometrical dimensions of the unit elements, we demonstrate, theoretically and experimentally, that tunable nonzero or ultrahigh values of overall effective piezoelectric coefficients can be obtained. While this work focuses on generating piezoelectric parameters of ceramics, the design principle should be inspirational to create unnatural apparent properties of other multiphysics coupling metamaterials.

41 citations


Cites background from "Piezoelectric 36-shear mode for [01..."

  • ...Crystals with specific point groups have more practical coefficients, like d36, but are still limited (36)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors modified the symmetry of poled PZT ceramics from transversally isotropic to orthogonal through ferroelastic domain switching by applying a high lateral stress along the 2-direction and holding the stress for several hours.
Abstract: The piezoelectric face-shear ( d36) mode may be the most useful shear mode in piezoelectrics, while currently this mode can only exist in single crystals of specific point groups and cut directions. Theoretically, the d36 coefficient vanishes in piezoelectric ceramics because of its transversally isotropic symmetry. In this work, we modified the symmetry of poled PZT ceramics from transversally isotropic to orthogonal through ferroelastic domain switching by applying a high lateral stress along the “2” direction and holding the stress for several hours. After removing the compression, the piezoelectric coefficient d31 is found much larger than d32. Then, by cutting the compressed sample along the Zxt±45° direction, we realized d36 coefficients up to 206pC/N, which is measured by using a modified d33 meter. The obtained large d36 coefficients in PZT ceramics could be very promising for face-shear mode resonators and shear horizontal wave generation in nondestructive testing.

38 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the piezoelectric properties of relaxor based ferroelectric single crystals, such as Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 and PbTiO3, were investigated for electromechanical actuators.
Abstract: The piezoelectric properties of relaxor based ferroelectric single crystals, such as Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 and Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 were investigated for electromechanical actuators. In contrast to polycrystalline materials such as Pb(Zr,Ti)O3, morphotropic phase boundary compositions were not essential for high piezoelectric strain. Piezoelectric coefficients (d33’s)>2500 pC/N and subsequent strain levels up to >0.6% with minimal hysteresis were observed. Crystallographically, high strains are achieved for 〈001〉 oriented rhombohedral crystals, although 〈111〉 is the polar direction. Ultrahigh strain levels up to 1.7%, an order of magnitude larger than those available from conventional piezoelectric and electrostrictive ceramics, could be achieved being related to an E-field induced phase transformation. High electromechanical coupling (k33)>90% and low dielectric loss <1%, along with large strain make these crystals promising candidates for high performance solid state actuators.

3,766 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the dielectric, piezoelectric and elastic properties of 0.91(PbZn1/3Nb2/3)O3−0.09PbTiO3 single crystals have been investigated as functions of temperature and applied electric field.
Abstract: The dielectric, piezoelectric and elastic properties of 0.91(PbZn1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.09PbTiO3 single crystals have been investigated as functions of temperature and applied electric field. Two multiple phase transitions at 68°C and 178°C, the crystal changing from the rhombohedral ferroelectric phase to tetragonal ferroelectric and then to cubic paraelectric, have been observed. Both the transitions are of first-order, but both are slightly diffused. Significant increases in the dielectric, piezoelectric and elastic constants are observed at the lower transition point. In particular, the sample poled along the pseudo-cubic [001] axis reveals anomalously large piezoelectric and electro-mechanical coupling constants at room temperature in the rhombohedral phase (d[001]//=1500×10-12 C/N, k[001]//=0.92).

900 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, two successive phase transitions, changing the crystal symmetry from rhombohedral to tetragonal, and then to cubic on a heating process, have been investigated in the Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 single crystals with the composition near the morphotropic phase boundary.
Abstract: Two successive phase transitions, changing the crystal symmetry from rhombohedral to tetragonal, and then to cubic on a heating process, have been investigated in the Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 single crystals with the composition near the morphotropic phase boundary. The existence of the morphotropic phase boundary has been confirmed by measuring the dielectric, piezoelectric and pyroelectric constant. Anomalously large electromechanical and piezoelectric constants are observed on the morphotropic phase boundary.

564 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, single crystals in the lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate-(1−x) Pb(Mg1/3 Nb2/3)O3-(x), PbTiO3 solid solution system were grown using a flux growth technique.
Abstract: Single crystals in the lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate-(1−x) Pb(Mg1/3 Nb2/3)O3-(x) PbTiO3 solid solution system were grown using a flux growth technique. Crystals over the compositional range of 0.3 ≤ ′ ≤ 0.4 being near the rhombohedra1 (pseudo-cubic)-tetragonal morphotropic phase boundary were characterized. The dielectric behavior along the pseudo cubic [111] and [100] directions were measured as a function of temperature and frequency. The effect of poling was also examined.

458 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of relaxor ferroelectric PMNT single crystals grown by a modified Bridgman method with the size more than φ25×40 mm are reported in this paper.
Abstract: The results of relaxor ferroelectric PMNT single crystals grown by a modified Bridgman method with the size more than φ25×40 mm are reported in this paper. The crystal habit and growth mechanism of PMNT has been investigated to optimize the growth conditions. The reason that the PMNT crystals will grow along [111] direction under the condition of no seed crystals has been illustrated. It was found that the domain configuration in PMNT is much complicated and they will dominate the piezoelectric properties of PMNT single crystals. The characterization of PMNT single crystals shows that PMNT 67/33 single crystals have d33>2000pC/N. ϵ∼5500, k33-0.93.

149 citations