PISCATOR, an individual-based model to analyze the dynamics of lake fish communities
TL;DR: This work presents the individual-based model Piscator, which describes a multi-species fish community and demonstrates techniques to deal with the inherent complexity of such a model, and proposes a novel procedure for calibration and analysis, in which the complexity of the model is increased step-by-step.
About: This article is published in Ecological Modelling.The article was published on 2002-07-01. It has received 47 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Population.
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01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: An excellent introduction and overview of this field, written by Volker Grimm and Steven F. Railsback, should be read by everyone interested in individual-based modeling and especially by anyone contemplating developing, or being involved with a group developing, an individualbased model.
Abstract: Individual-based modeling is a new, exciting discipline that allows ecologists to explore, using computer simulations, how properties of populations and ecosystems might evolve from the characteristics and behaviors of individual organisms. Individual-based Modeling and Ecology, written by Volker Grimm and Steven F. Railsback, gives an excellent introduction and overview of this field. It should be read by everyone interested in individual-based modeling, and especially by anyone contemplating developing, or being involved with a group developing, an individualbased model.
1,495 citations
01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: Plagányi et al. as discussed by the authors reviewed the methods available for assessing the impacts of interactions between species and fisheries and their implications for marine fisheries management, highlighting in particular features of these models which have general relevance to the field of the ecosystem approach to fisheries.
Abstract: This report reviews the methods available for assessing the impacts of interactions between species and fisheries and their implications for marine fisheries management. A brief description of the various modelling approaches currently in existence is provided, highlighting in particular features of these models which have general relevance to the field of the ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF). The report concentrates on the currently available models representative of general types such as bionergetic models, predator-prey models and minimally realistic models. Short descriptions are given of model parameters, assumptions and data requirements. Some of the advantages, disadvantages and limitations of each of the approaches in addressing questions pertaining to EAF are discussed. The report concludes with some recommendations for moving forward in the development of multi-species and ecosystem models and for the prudent use of the currently available models as tools for provision of scientific information on fisheries in an ecosystem context. Plagányi, É.E. Models for an ecosystem approach to fisheries. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 477. Rome, FAO. 2007. 108p.
425 citations
Aarhus University1, University of Toronto2, Siberian Federal University3, University of Miami4, Wageningen University and Research Centre5, Federal University of Alagoas6, University of Potsdam7, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences8, University of Waikato9, University of Western Australia10, Dresden University of Technology11, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology12, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ13, University of Oslo14, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education15, Portland State University16, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency17
TL;DR: It is argued that while the historical development of each approach and model is understandable given its ‘leading principle’, there are many opportunities for combining approaches and multiple modelling approaches, applied concurrently to a given problem, can help develop an integrative view on the functioning of lake ecosystems.
Abstract: A large number and wide variety of lake ecosystem models have been developed and published during the past four decades. We identify two challenges for making further progress in this field. One such challenge is to avoid developing more models largely following the concept of others (‘reinventing the wheel’). The other challenge is to avoid focusing on only one type of model, while ignoring new and diverse approaches that have become available (‘having tunnel vision’). In this paper, we aim at improving the awareness of existing models and knowledge of concurrent approaches in lake ecosystem modelling, without covering all possible model tools and avenues. First, we present a broad variety of modelling approaches. To illustrate these approaches, we give brief descriptions of rather arbitrarily selected sets of specific models. We deal with static models (steady state and regression models), complex dynamic models (CAEDYM, CE-QUAL-W2, Delft 3D-ECO, LakeMab, LakeWeb, MyLake, PCLake, PROTECH, SALMO), structurally dynamic models and minimal dynamic models. We also discuss a group of approaches that could all be classified as individual based: super-individual models (Piscator, Charisma), physiologically structured models, stage-structured models and trait-based models. We briefly mention genetic algorithms, neural networks, Kalman filters and fuzzy logic. Thereafter, we zoom in, as an in-depth example, on the multi-decadal development and application of the lake ecosystem model PCLake and related models (PCLake Metamodel, Lake Shira Model, IPH-TRIM3D-PCLake). In the discussion, we argue that while the historical development of each approach and model is understandable given its ‘leading principle’, there are many opportunities for combining approaches. We take the point of view that a single ‘right’ approach does not exist and should not be strived for. Instead, multiple modelling approaches, applied concurrently to a given problem, can help develop an integrative view on the functioning of lake ecosystems. We end with a set of specific recommendations that may be of help in the further development of lake ecosystem models.
233 citations
Cites background or methods from "PISCATOR, an individual-based model..."
...The model correctly simulated that the proposed phosphorus reduction measure did not stop the algal bloom and indicated the causes of the failure such as a decrease in the P/C ratio (Gulati et al. 1991; Van Liere and Janse 1992)....
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...We also discuss a group of approaches that could all be classified as individual based: superindividual models (Piscator, Charisma), physiologically structured models, stage-structured models and traitbased models....
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...Piscator has, as a default, eight interacting fish species, three types of fishery (fykes, seine and gill nets), piscivorous birds and a simple representation of the fish food (zooplankton, benthos), but many userdefined species can be added, as required....
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...The approach has been applied in the macrophyte model Charisma (Van Nes et al. 2003) and the fish model Piscator (Van Nes et al. 2002)....
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...Instead, multiple modelling approaches, applied concurrently to a given problem, can help develop an integrative view on the functioning of lake ecosystems....
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TL;DR: The ELAM model introduced in this paper is called the Numerical Fish Surrogate and facilitated the development of a mechanistic biological-based hypothesis describing observed 3-D movement and passage response of downstream migrating juvenile salmon at 3 hydropower dams on 2 rivers with a total of 20 different structural and operational configurations.
164 citations
TL;DR: It is argued that this way of combining analyses of simple and more elaborate models is a powerful way to gain understanding of complex systems.
147 citations
References
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TL;DR: The body size is one of the most important attributes of an organism from an ecological and evolutionary point of view as mentioned in this paper, and it has a predominant influence on an animal's energetic requirements, its potential for resource exploitation, and its susceptibility to natural enemies.
Abstract: Body size is manifestly one of the most important attributes of an organism from an ecological and evolutionary point of view. Size has a predominant influence on an animal's energetic requirements, its potential for resource exploitation, and its susceptibility to natural enemies. A large literature now exists on how physiological, life history, and population parameters scale with body dimensions (24, 131). The ecological literature on species interactions and the structure of animal communities also stresses the importance of body size. Differences in body size are a major means by which species avoid direct overlap in resource use (153), and size-selective predation can be a primary organizing force in some communities (20, 70). Size thus imposes important constraints on the manner in which an organism interacts with its environment and influences the strength, type, and symmetry of interactions with other species (152, 207). Paradoxically, ecologists have virtually ignored the implications of these observations for interactions among species that exhibit size-distributed populations. For instance, it has been often suggested that competing species
3,129 citations
2,110 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a mini-review of 50 individual-based animal population models shows that the majority of them are driven by pragmatic motivation, which does not explicitly refer to theoretical ecology.
978 citations
939 citations