Pituitary-adrenal alterations and fear responding.
01 Mar 1970-American Journal of Physiology (American Physiological Society)-Vol. 218, Iss: 3, pp 864-868
About: This article is published in American Journal of Physiology.The article was published on 1970-03-01. It has received 114 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Fear processing in the brain & Corticosterone.
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TL;DR: The present review shows that different aspects of fear and anxiety are affected differentially by the occupation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) or glucoc Corticosteroids (GR) at different phases of the stress response.
579 citations
TL;DR: Through their reward-related effects, glucocorticoids may play a key role in tuning adaptation to stress and in determining reward- related behavioral pathologies.
366 citations
TL;DR: Frequency-modulated telemetry was used to record the effects of hormones on single-unit activity in the brains of freely moving rats and Corticosterone decreased unitActivity in the dorsal hippocampus.
Abstract: Frequency-modulated telemetry was used to record the effects of hormones on single-unit activity in the brains of freely moving rats. Corticosterone decreased unit activity in the dorsal hippocampus. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone had the opposite effect.
256 citations
TL;DR: The variables that affect the unconditioned stimulus preexposure phenomenon are discussed and this information is used in evaluating both associative and nonassociative accounts of the phenomenon.
Abstract: Excitatory Pavlovian conditioning of a discrete conditioned stimulus is attenuated by prior exposure to the unconditioned stimulus. The unconditioned stimulus preexposure phenomenon is observed in a variety of Pavlovian conditioning procedures as diverse as eyelid conditioning, the conditioned emotional response, and conditioned taste aversion learning. This article discusses the variables that affect the unconditioned stimulus preexposure phenomenon and uses this information in evaluating both associative and nonassociative accounts of the phenomenon. At least one associative account, based on context blocking, and at least one nonassociative account, based on central habituation of the emotional response to the unconditioned stimulus, remain viable. The primary goals of research in Pavlovian conditioning are to determine the variables that influence the formation of conditioned responses and then to specify their mechanisms of action. A number of investigators are currently examining how one such variable, the organism's experience with the unconditioned stimulus, affects the course of conditioning. It has been shown in a variety of Pavlovian conditioning paradigms that exposure to the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) prior to the initiation of pairings of the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the UCS attenuates the formation of the excitatory conditioned response (CR). The UCS preexposure effect interests many investigators because of their conviction that a thorough analysis of this phenomenon will further our understanding of the necessary conditions for Pavlovian conditioning.
256 citations
231 citations