Plasma needle for in vivo medical treatment: recent developments and perspectives
TL;DR: The hitherto unravelled facts on the interactions of a cold atmospheric plasma with living cells and tissues are described.
Abstract: In this paper we describe the hitherto unravelled facts on the interactions of a cold atmospheric plasma with living cells and tissues. A specially designed source, plasma needle, is a low-power discharge, which operates under the threshold of tissue damage. When applied properly, the needle does not cause fatal cell injury which would result in cell death (necrosis). Instead, it allows precise and localized cell removal by means of the so-called cell detachment. In addition, plasma can be used for bacterial disinfection. Because of mild treatment conditions, plasma disinfection can be performed in vivo, e.g. on wounds and dental cavities. Presently, one strives to obtain a better control of the operating device. Therefore, plasma has been characterized using a variety of diagnostics, and a smart system has been designed for the positioning of the device with respect to the treated surface.
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TL;DR: Non-equilibrium plasmas will be shown to be non-destructive to tissue, safe, and effective in inactivation of various parasites and foreign organisms.
Abstract: An emerging field of plasma medicine is discussed, where non-equilibrium plasmas are shown to be able to initiate, promote, control, and catalyze various complex behaviors and responses in biological systems. More importantly, it will be shown that plasma can be tuned to achieve the desired medical effect, especially in medical sterilization and treatment of different kind of skin diseases. Wound healing and tissue regeneration can be achieved following various types of plasma treatment in a multitude of wound pathologies. Non-equilibrium plasmas will be shown to be non-destructive to tissue, safe, and effective in inactivation of various parasites and foreign organisms.
1,819 citations
Cites background from "Plasma needle for in vivo medical t..."
... artery sections obtained from Swiss mouse (carotid and uterine arteries) [18]....
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...behavior was observed in the detached cells; however, the level of apoptosis appears to be not too significant as about 3% of the human epithelial cells underwent apoptosis while 100% were detached [18]....
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...Why are non-thermal effects of plasma so interesting and promising? The main reason is that non-thermal plasma effects can be tuned for various sub-lethal purposes such as genetic transfection [12-14], cell detachment [15-18], wound healing [19-23], and others (i....
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...At the incidence of the plasma needle, the cells are removed (suspended in the medium and washed away) [18]....
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...Treatment by plasma needle of various cell lines causes these cells to lift off from the substrate and float away, without necrosis of these cells (Figure 31) [18]....
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TL;DR: The aim of the new research field of plasma medicine is the exploitation of a much more differentiated interaction of specific plasma components with specific structural as well as functional elements or functionalities of living cells.
711 citations
TL;DR: Analysis of interaction of floating electrode dielectric barrier discharge with living tissues and cells is presented and biological and physical mechanisms are discussed and a hypothesis of plasma selectivity and its effects is offered.
Abstract: Mechanisms of plasma interaction with living tissues and cells can be quite complex, owing to the complexity of both the plasma and the tissue. Thus, unification of all the mechanisms under one umbrella might not be possible. However, the authors are attempting to make first steps in this direction. In this paper, analysis of interaction of floating electrode dielectric barrier discharge (FE-DBD) with living tissues and cells is presented and biological and physical mechanisms are discussed. In physical mechanisms, charged species are identified as the major contributors to the desired effect and a mechanism of this interaction is proposed. Biological mechanisms are also addressed and a hypothesis of plasma selectivity and its effects is offered.
708 citations
Cites background from "Plasma needle for in vivo medical t..."
...Plasma treatment has been previously shown to be safe to skin by various research groups around the world [1, 3, 15, 23, 49, 50]....
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...Some examples of medical applications of plasma are the use of plasma in the treatment of dental cavities [2, 3], sterilization of various surfaces [4]–[7], treatment of skin diseases [1, 4], [8]–[10], delicate surgeries [3, 11]–[13] and many other applications (see [1, 14, 15] for...
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...radiofrequency discharge in helium will likely have somewhat different mechanisms of interaction than afterglow from a nitrogen arc [3, 16]....
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TL;DR: The development of cold plasma tumour ablation has the potential of shifting the current paradigm of cancer treatment and enabling the transformation ofcancer treatment technologies by utilisation of another state of matter.
Abstract: Plasma is an ionised gas that is typically generated in high-temperature laboratory conditions. However, recent progress in atmospheric plasmas has led to the creation of cold plasmas with ion temperature close to room temperature. Both in-vitro and in-vivo studies revealed that cold plasmas selectively kill cancer cells. We show that: (a) cold plasma application selectively eradicates cancer cells in vitro without damaging normal cells; and (b) significantly reduces tumour size in vivo. It is shown that reactive oxygen species metabolism and oxidative stress responsive genes are deregulated. The development of cold plasma tumour ablation has the potential of shifting the current paradigm of cancer treatment and enabling the transformation of cancer treatment technologies by utilisation of another state of matter.
655 citations
Cites background from "Plasma needle for in vivo medical t..."
...The potential use in biomedical applications has driven the development of a variety of reliable and userfriendly plasma sources (Laroussi and Lu, 2005; Becker et al, 2006; Stoffels et al, 2006; Fridman et al, 2008; Kong et al, 2009; Morfill et al, 2009)....
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TL;DR: A tutorial-type review of recent work on surface modification of polymeric biomaterials, with a focus on plasma-based strategies, to provide a fast introduction for researchers into the field.
590 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: This introductory book provides an in-depth, comprehensive treatment of a collection of classical and state-space approaches to control system design and ties the methods together so that a designer is able to pick the method that best fits the problem at hand.
Abstract: From the Publisher:
This introductory book provides an in-depth, comprehensive treatment of a collection of classical and state-space approaches to control system designand ties the methods together so that a designer is able to pick the method that best fits the problem at hand. It includes case studies and comprehensive examples with close integration of MATLAB throughout the book. Chapter topics include an overview and brief history of feedback control, dynamic models, dynamic response, basic properties of feedback, the root-locus design method, the frequency-response design method, state-space design, digital control, and control-system design. A basic reference for control systems engineers.
4,267 citations
"Plasma needle for in vivo medical t..." refers background in this paper
...Feedback control is usually very effective: it stabilizes a system, has a linearizing effect on the input–output mapping, gives robustness with respect to system uncertainty and attenuates external disturbances on the output [ 24 ]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the literature on plasma sterilization is presented, where three basic mechanisms are involved in the plasma inactivation of microorganisms: (a) direct destruction by UV irradiation of the genetic material of micro organisms; (b) erosion of the microorganisms atom by atom, through intrinsic photodesorption by ultraviolet irradiation to form volatile compounds combining atoms intrinsic to the micro organisms.
906 citations
TL;DR: A review of various works on the germicidal effects of atmospheric pressure, "cold" plasmas, is presented in this article, where nonequilibrium discharge devices discussed in this review, which have been used in biological applications by various investigators, are the corona discharge, diffuse dielectric-barrier discharge, resistive barrier discharge, and the atmospheric-pressure plasma jet.
Abstract: Although the use of an electrical discharge to disinfect water was suggested and applied more than a hundred years ago, basic and applied research on the interaction of plasmas with biological media was extensively carried out only relatively recently. In this context, a review of various works on the germicidal effects of atmospheric pressure, "cold" plasmas, is presented. The nonequilibrium discharge devices discussed in this review, which have been used in biological applications by various investigators, are the corona discharge, the diffuse dielectric-barrier discharge, the resistive barrier discharge, and the atmospheric-pressure plasma jet. Analysis of the inactivation kinetics for various bacteria seeded in (or on) various media and exposed to the plasma generated by these devices, showed that three types of survivor curves exist, depending on the type of micro-organism, the type of medium, and the type of exposure (direct versus remote). Insights into the roles of UV radiation, active species, and charged particles has led to the conclusion that chemically reactive species, such as free radicals, play the most important role in the inactivation process. In addition, recent results suggesting that biomanipulation of the cells of micro-organisms with nonequilibrium plasmas is possible are highlighted.
715 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a non-thermal plasma source (plasma needle) generated under atmospheric pressure by means of radiofrequency excitation has been characterized, which can be applied on organic materials, also in watery environment, without causing thermal/electric damage to the surface.
Abstract: A non-thermal plasma source (`plasma needle') generated under atmospheric pressure by means of radio-frequency excitation has been characterized. Plasma appears as a small (sub-mm) glow at the tip of a metal pin. It operates in helium, argon, nitrogen and mixtures of He with air. Electrical measurements show that plasma needle operates at relatively low voltages (200–500 V peak-to-peak) and the power consumption ranges from tens of milliwatts to at most a few watts. Electron-excitation, vibrational and rotational temperatures have been determined using optical emission spectroscopy. Excitation and vibration temperatures are close to each other, in the range 0.2–0.3 eV, rotational gas temperature is at most a few hundred K. At lowest power input the source has the highest excitation temperature while the gas remains at room temperature. We have demonstrated the non-aggressive nature of the plasma: it can be applied on organic materials, also in watery environment, without causing thermal/electric damage to the surface. Plasma needle will be used in the study of plasma interactions with living cells and tissues. At later stages, this research aims at performing fine, high-precision plasma surgery, like removal of (cancer) cells or cleaning of dental cavities.
594 citations
Patent•
16 Jan 1976
TL;DR: An electrosurgical method and apparatus for coagulating by fulguration where the electrical discharge is established through a formation of flowing inert gas where the formation may either be a diffuse blanket of the flowing gas or a well defined column thereof is described in this paper.
Abstract: An electrosurgical method and apparatus for coagulating by fulguration where the electrical discharge is established through a formation of flowing inert gas where the formation may either be a diffuse blanket of the flowing gas or a well defined column thereof.
337 citations