Plastic versus elastic deformation effects on magnetic Barkhausen noise in steel
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of elastic and plastic deformation on magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) signals were investigated on a number of mild steel plate samples subjected to varying degrees of uniaxial elastic deformation up to ∼40% strain.
About: This article is published in Acta Materialia.The article was published on 2000-08-01. It has received 129 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Plastic bending & Plasticity.
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TL;DR: In this article, a review of magnetic NDT technologies is presented, which includes magnetic flux leakage (MFL), magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN), and recently developed metal magnetic memory (MMM).
181 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the dependence of Barkhausen noise on elastic and plastic deformations, achieved in tension and in compression, has been investigated both in Armco iron and a low carbon steel.
Abstract: The dependence of Barkhausen noise on elastic and plastic deformations, achieved in tension and in compression, has been investigated both in Armco iron and a low carbon steel These materials exhibit quite different behaviours, especially with regard to the effect of plastic deformation: a tensile plastic deformation (>1%) induces a marked increase in Barkhausen noise for Armco iron while it induces a steep decrease in the low carbon steel The comparison between the tensile and compressive behaviours, as well as between the elastic and plastic regimes of deformation enables us to attribute these effects to two underlying mechanisms, ie effect of residual internal stresses through magneto-elastic coupling and dislocation–domain wall interaction In Armco iron, the latter mechanism seems to have the strongest influence on the Barkhausen noise, while in the low carbon steel the influence of residual internal stresses prevails
105 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a data-based approach for building a prediction model consisting of feature generation, feature selection and model identification and validation steps is proposed, where a multivariable linear regression models are used in predictions.
Abstract: The aim of this study is to predict residual stress and hardness of a case-hardened steel samples based on the Barkhausen noise measurements. A data-based approach for building a prediction model proposed in the paper consists of feature generation, feature selection and model identification and validation steps. Features are selected with a simple forward-selection algorithm. A multivariable linear regression models are used in predictions. Throughout the selection and identification procedures a cross-validation is used to guarantee that the results are realistic and hold also for future predictions. The obtained prediction models are validated with an external validation data set. Prediction accuracy of the prediction models is good showing that the proposed modelling scheme can be applied to prediction of material properties.
100 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the stress dependence of spontaneous stray field signals by eliminating initial random signals was clarified by measuring the normal component H p ( y ) signals of stray field during the whole tensile test, and the results showed that the stress-induced H p( y ) signal curve had good linearity after loading.
Abstract: Measuring spontaneous stray field signals provides a promising tool to analyze the stress in ferromagnetic materials. However, strong initial stray field signals on the surface of ferromagnetic materials originating from various manufacturing processes can disturb stress-induced stray field signals. Consequently, it is necessary to conduct a study that will clarify the stress dependence of spontaneous stray field signals by eliminating initial random signals. In the present work, the focus is placed on sheet specimens that have a clean initial magnetic state by means of vacuum heat treatment. Measurements of the normal component H p ( y ) signals of stray field were performed during the whole tensile test. The results showed that the stress-induced H p ( y ) signal curve had good linearity after loading, i.e., the slope coefficient K s increased continuously in the elastic deformation stage but decreased slightly during the plastic deformation stage. This phenomenon was discussed and explained from both the stress-induced effective magnetic field and residual compressive stress viewpoints.
96 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of plastic deformation on magnetic behavior has been investigated in low carbon steel specimens under applied tension after unloading in the elastic-plastic region for different strain levels.
Abstract: Metal magnetic memory (MMM) technique can be potentially used to evaluate early damage of ferromagnetic materials nondestructively due to its high sensitivity to stress and stress–strain state. An experimental investigation of the effect of plastic deformation on magnetic behavior has been undertaken in low carbon steel specimens. The measurements were made under applied tension after unloading in the elastic–plastic region for different strain levels. Magnetic memory signals show apparently different variation characteristics in the elastic and plastic ranges, and the magnetic signals are sharply changed by a rather small plastic deformation, which is in agreement with the predictions of the modified magnetomechanical effect model correlating magnetic memory signal with plastic strain. The results of the present work indicate that the MMM method can detect macroyielding and early stage of plastic deformation effectively.
79 citations
Cites background from "Plastic versus elastic deformation ..."
...As a result, these effects have received considerable current attention in the literature [3–6]....
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References
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Book•
01 Jan 1953
TL;DR: In this paper, the Hartree-Fock Approximation of many-body techniques and the Electron Gas Polarons and Electron-phonon Interaction are discussed.
Abstract: Mathematical Introduction Acoustic Phonons Plasmons, Optical Phonons, and Polarization Waves Magnons Fermion Fields and the Hartree-Fock Approximation Many-body Techniques and the Electron Gas Polarons and the Electron-phonon Interaction Superconductivity Bloch Functions - General Properties Brillouin Zones and Crystal Symmetry Dynamics of Electrons in a Magnetic Field: de Haas-van Alphen Effect and Cyclotron Resonance Magnetoresistance Calculation of Energy Bands and Fermi Surfaces Semiconductor Crystals I: Energy Bands, Cyclotron Resonance, and Impurity States Semiconductor Crystals II: Optical Absorption and Excitons Electrodynamics of Metals Acoustic Attenuation in Metals Theory of Alloys Correlation Functions and Neutron Diffraction by Crystals Recoilless Emission Green's Functions - Application to Solid State Physics Appendix: Perturbation Theory and the Electron Gas Index.
21,954 citations
TL;DR: Kind's new edition is to be welcomed as mentioned in this paper, with a revised format and attractive illustrations, and with the inclusion of much new material this book has become one of the best sources for undergraduate teaching, likely to give the student a wish to dig deeper into the solid state.
Abstract: 3rd edition, complete modern revision C. Kittel London: John Wiley. 1966. Pp. 648. Price £4 14s. Kind's new edition is to be welcomed. There is a revised format and attractive illustrations, and with the inclusion of much new material this book has become one of the best sources for undergraduate teaching. It is above all an interesting book, likely to give the student a wish to dig deeper into the solid state.
5,704 citations
"Plastic versus elastic deformation ..." refers background in this paper
...Inhomogeneous distortion of a crystal lattice results in large shear displacements occurring on widely separated slip planes, while regions between these slip planes remain almost undeformed [18]....
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Book•
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01 Jan 1964
TL;DR: Paleomagnetism is the study of the magnetic properties of rocks as discussed by the authors, and it is one of the most broadly applicable disciplines in geophysics, having uses in diverse fields such as geomagnetic, tectonics, paleoceanography, volcanology, paleontology, and sedimentology.
Abstract: Paleomagnetism is the study of the magnetic properties of rocks. It is one of the most broadly applicable disciplines in geophysics, having uses in diverse fields such as geomagnetism, tectonics, paleoceanography, volcanology, paleontology, and sedimentology. Although the potential applications are varied, the fundamental techniques are remarkably uniform. Thus, a grounding in the basic tools of paleomagnetic data analysis can open doors to many of these applications. One of the underpinnings of paleomagnetic endeavors is the relationship between the magnetic properties of rocks and the Earth’s magnetic field. In this chapter, we will review the basic physical principles behind magnetism: what are magnetic fields, how are they produced, and how are they measured? Although many find a discussion of scientific units boring, much confusion arose when paleomagnetists switched from “cgs” to the Système International (SI) units, and mistakes abound in the literature. Therefore, we will explain both unit systems and look at how to convert successfully between them. There is a review of essential mathematical tricks in Appendix A, to which the reader is referred for help.
2,365 citations
"Plastic versus elastic deformation ..." refers background in this paper
...With increased internal stress, the critical ®eld required to move a domain wall across a pinning site, and implicitly the wall energy gradient, increase [16, 17]....
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...The pressure exerted by the ®eld H applied at an angle c with respect to domain magnetization Ms tends to move the wall across pinning site 1, unless this pressure is counterbalanced by the wall energy gradient [16] @Ew @x 2MsH cos c 2...
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...Figure 1 illustrates how domain wall energy might be aected by plastic deformation [16, 17]....
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TL;DR: In this article, surface residual stresses on a structural beam steel sample were evaluated using a non-destructive technique based on the measurement of surface magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN).
Abstract: Surface residual stresses on a structural beam steel sample were evaluated using a non-destructive technique based on the measurement of surface magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN). MBN measurements were performed using a high resolution probe consisting of a small magnetic read head mounted between the poles of a ferrite U-core magnet. Applied stress magnitudes were correlated to MBN energy levels for calibration purposes. MBN energy measurements were done at various locations on the steel sample. The magnitude of the residual stress component along the sample beam axis was evaluated across the width of the beam using these calibration curves. The range of sensitivity of the MBN signal to stress as defined by the calibration curves was limited by the direction of easy magnetization. The effect of stress on the MBN signal was interpreted in terms of the active 180° domain wall population. The validity of the residual stress results was confirmed experimentally using conventional methods: cutting and sectioning and hole drilling. Possible sources of residual stresses and their distribution on the structural steel specimen are discussed.
126 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the angular-dependent magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) measurements were performed on a pipeline steel sample for various values of applied uniaxial stress at three angles with respect to the sample's zero stress magnetic easy axis direction.
Abstract: Angular‐dependent magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) measurements were performed on a pipeline steel sample for various values of applied uniaxial stress at three angles with respect to the sample’s zero stress magnetic easy axis direction. It was observed that the response of the MBN signal to stress was dependent upon the direction of the stress with respect to the zero stress easy axis. The stress response of the MBN signal was greatest for (i) tensile stresses oriented perpendicular to the zero stress easy axis direction and (ii) compressive stresses applied parallel to the easy axis direction. The modification of the MBN signal under an applied stress was attributed primarily to a change in the 180° domain wall population in the material investigated. Results were described by a model that considered regions of locally correlated domain behavior, termed ‘‘interaction regions,’’ that were typically the size of grains within the steel material. A basic result of the model was the stress required to modify the number of 180° domain walls within an interaction region. Theoretical calculations of these threshold stresses for a typical grain size were found to be in agreement with the range of applied stresses that was observed to modify the angular‐dependent MBN signal obtained from the sample.
90 citations