Poetic Expressions: Students of Color Express Resiliency Through Metaphors and Similes

doi:10.4219/JAA-2007-355

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Poetic Expressions: Students of Color Express Resiliency Through Metaphors and Similes

Journal Article•DOI•

Poetic Expressions: Students of Color Express Resiliency Through Metaphors and Similes

Horace R. Hall¹•Institutions (1)

DePaul University¹

01 Feb 2007-Journal of Advanced Academics (SAGE Publications)-Vol. 18, Iss: 2, pp 216-244

TL;DR: The after-school City School Outreach youth program captured the attention of high school male students by offering them a physically and psychologically safe environment to talk about issues they faced as mentioned in this paper.

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Abstract: The after-school City School Outreach youth program captured the attention of high school male students by offering them a physically and psychologically safe environment to talk about issues they faced. The students of color who attended the program used various forms of creative written expression (i.e., poetry, spoken word, and hip hop) to document and share their lived realities as African American and Latino youth. An analysis of their writings and subsequent interviews revealed a variety of coping strategies and resources that these resilient adolescent males of color used to transcend adversity in their environment. When adolescent males of color have a strong sense of cultural pride and awareness, they are able to construct a healthy self-concept that assists them in acts of agency and resistance against negative psychological forces in their environment. These students used familial and nonfamilial support mechanisms, such as peers, church, and mentors, to assist them in reducing the stressful im...

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Education no longer deferred: the possibilities of educating urban african american males in a single gender school.

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Marlon James

01 Jan 2008

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the emerging school culture of Excel Academy for Boys [Pseudonym] located in the Southwestern region of the United States, and how it contributes to the social and academic development of urban African American male students.

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Abstract: Education No Longer Deferred: The Possibilities of Educating Urban African American Males in a Single-Gender School. (December 2008) Marlon Contrell James, B.S., Illinois State University; M.S., Illinois State University Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. Chance W. Lewis Dr. Norvella Carter The purpose of this study is to investigate the emerging school culture of Excel Academy for Boys [Pseudonym] located in the Southwestern region of the United States, and how it contributes to the social and academic development of urban African American male students. This case study was based on interviews and focus groups with parents, teachers, students, and the school administrator. Additionally, the researcher conducted participant observations of school meetings, new parent orientations, new teacher interviews, and reviewed student academic and behavioral records. This exploratory analysis consisted of two separate; but interrelated, qualitative studies relevant to educating urban African American males. The first inquiry featured a case study of Excel Academy for Boys, a singlegender middle school serving urban African American males. This detailed examination of Excel Academy’s organizational habitus yielded the Building African American Males Model. This organizational process was characterized by four essential factors that included: (1) educational justice; (2) expectations monitoring; (3) expectations

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4 citations

Witnesses with a microphone: Teaching and learning in a hip hop literacy community

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Philip Jude Campbell

01 Jan 2016

4 citations

Cites background from "Poetic Expressions: Students of Col..."

...He embraces the notion that hip hop is a space perfectly suited for open discourse (Perry, 2006) and believes that his role is to encourage the emcees to work toward using their music as a means for challenging listeners to create a just and equal society (Shor, 2011). Hill (2009) points out that in order to be effective practitioners of culturally responsive pedagogy they need learn their students’ cultures and communities and this is exactly what Mr....
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...Jim takes up the challenge issued by Marc Lamont Hill (2009) to view young people’s culture as the “stuff” of learning instead something from which they need rescuing....
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...He embraces the notion that hip hop is a space perfectly suited for open discourse (Perry, 2006) and believes that his role is to encourage the emcees to work toward using their music as a means for challenging listeners to create a just and equal society (Shor, 2011). Hill (2009) points out that in order to be effective practitioners of culturally responsive pedagogy they need learn their students’ cultures and communities and this is exactly what Mr. Jim has done. When talking about the dynamics of regional hip hop in the larger scope of the culture Imani Perry (2006) reminded us that even as hip hop is responsible for helping create a national youth culture, the specificity of home grounds emcees in a particular historic, cultural, and linguistic community....
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...Through their lyrics they have accepted the challenge of Gwendyln Pough (2004) and harnessed the energy and activist roots of hip- hop culture and rap music to claim a public voice for themselves....
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Prospecting with the 'Poetry Pioneers': Youth Poetry Slam and the U.K.'s WordCup

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Helen Gregory

04 Feb 2015

TL;DR: Empirical study into youth poetry slam, using interviews, focus groups, participant observation and thematic analysis was conducted by as discussed by the authors, who used focus groups and focus groups.

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Abstract: Empirical study into youth poetry slam, using interviews, focus groups, participant observation and thematic analysis.

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4 citations

Cites background from "Poetic Expressions: Students of Col..."

...…nurture their creativity (Gehring, 2005); provide them with a space in which to engage with issues of identity, personal development (Fisher, 2003; Hall, 2007) and ‘social justice’ (Damico, 2005); sustain a mutually supportive community (Damico, 2005; Fisher, 2005; Gehring, 2005); and enhance…...
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Book Chapter•DOI•

Emotion work in black and white: Transracial adoption and the process of racial socialization

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Cardell K. Jacobson, Darron T. Smith

15 Oct 2013

TL;DR: This article used the concepts of emotional labor or emotion work to examine the experiences of transracial families, white families rearing Black adoptees, focusing on the emotion work done by the parents to inculcate and develop positive racial identities for their adoptive children.

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Abstract: In this chapter, we use the concepts of emotional labor or emotion work to examine the experiences of transracial families – white families rearing Black adoptees. We focus on the emotion work done by the parents to inculcate and develop positive racial identities for their adoptive children as their adoptees experience racial mistreatment. We also use the concept of white racial framing to examine strategies for effectively coping with racial mistreatment. African Americans have more emotion work than the members of dominant group because of their status as stigmatized minorities in American society. African Americans adopted by white families have even greater emotion work because they tend to have the extra burden of living in predominately white communities where there are fewer people of color to serve as positive role models in the socialization process.

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4 citations

Dissertation•

Spirituality As Protective Factor For Adolescents Exposed To Domestic Violence

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Linda E. Benavides

03 Mar 2010

TL;DR: Benavides et al. as discussed by the authors examined the lived experiences of fourteen adolescents who had been exposed to domestic violence to answer the following questions: 1) How do adolescents define spirituality? 2) In what ways does spirituality serve as a protective factor for adolescents exposed to violence?

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Abstract: SPIRITUALITY AS PROTECTIVE FACTOR FOR ADOLESCENTS EXPOSED TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE Linda E. Benavides, PhD The University of Texas at Arlington Supervising Professor: Joan Rycraft Research has shown that exposure to domestic violence can have adverse developmental outcomes for adolescents. Several protective factors have been identified in the research literature as promoting resilience with at-risk youth. Recently spirituality as a potential protective factor has received attention. The current phenomenological study examined the lived experiences of fourteen adolescents-who had been exposed to domestic violence-to answer the following questions: 1) How do adolescents define spirituality? 2) In what ways does spirituality serve as a protective factor for adolescents exposed to domestic violence? In the current study, both traditional and non-traditional definitions of spirituality emerged. Spirituality appeared to be a source of strength for the participants and manifested itself in numerous ways. Themes included having a sense of purpose, a positive attitude, learning from experiences and helping

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3 citations

Cites background from "Poetic Expressions: Students of Col..."

...Hall (2007) found that for both Hispanic and AfricanAmerican male adolescents, the ability to express themselves through poems, hip hop, rap, and spoken word text was a means by which resilience was built....
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References

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Book•

Identity, youth, and crisis

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Erik H. Erikson

01 Jan 1968

TL;DR: Erikson as mentioned in this paper describes a process that is located both in the core of the individual and in the inner space of the communal culture, and discusses the connection between individual struggles and social order.

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Abstract: Identity, Erikson writes, is an unfathomable as it is all-pervasive. It deals with a process that is located both in the core of the individual and in the core of the communal culture. As the culture changes, new kinds of identity questions arise-Erikson comments, for example, on issues of social protest and changing gender roles that were particular to the 1960s. Representing two decades of groundbreaking work, the essays are not so much a systematic formulation of theory as an evolving report that is both clinical and theoretical. The subjects range from "creative confusion" in two famous lives-the dramatist George Bernard Shaw and the philosopher William James-to the connection between individual struggles and social order. "Race and the Wider Identity" and the controversial "Womanhood and the Inner Space" are included in the collection.

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14,906 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Identity: Youth and Crisis

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Ivan Fras

01 Jul 1968-Psychosomatics

5,199 citations

"Poetic Expressions: Students of Col..." refers background in this paper

...From a psychosocial perspective, adolescents are engaged in a conscious and unconscious search for an autonomous identity as they seek to understand their social roles in life (Erikson, 1968; Marcia, 1980)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Black students' school success: Coping with the “burden of ‘acting white’”

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Signithia Fordham¹, John U. Ogbu²•Institutions (2)

University of the District of Columbia¹, University of California, Berkeley²

01 Sep 1986-The Urban Review

TL;DR: In this paper, a framework for understanding how a sense of collective identity enters into the process of schooling and affects academic achievement is proposed, showing how the fear of being accused of "acting white" causes a social and psychological situation which diminishes black students' academic effort and thus leads to underachievement.

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Abstract: The authors review their previous explanation of black students' underachievement. They now suggest the importance of considering black people's expressive responses to their historical status and experience in America. “Fictive kinship” is proposed as a framework for understanding how a sense of collective identity enters into the process of schooling and affects academic achievement. The authors support their argument with ethnographic data from a high school in Washington, D.C., showing how the fear of being accused of “acting white” causes a social and psychological situation which diminishes black students' academic effort and thus leads to underachievement. Policy and programmatic implications are discussed.

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3,468 citations

"Poetic Expressions: Students of Col..." refers background in this paper

...Even though there is an abundance of work that focuses on why youth of color either fail or succeed academically (Cammarota, 2004; Conchas, 2001; Fordham & Ogbu, 1986; Juarez, 1996; Majors & Billson, 1992; Osborne, 2001), there is little research that concentrates on the dynamics that build…...
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Reference Book•DOI•

Handbook of adolescent psychology

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Richard M. Lerner, Laurence Steinberg

30 Oct 2009

TL;DR: The study of and interest in adolescence in the field of psychology and related fields continues to grow, necessitating an expanded revision of this seminal work as discussed by the authors, with contributions from the leading researchers.

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Abstract: The study of and interest in adolescence in the field of psychology and related fields continues to grow, necessitating an expanded revision of this seminal work. This multidisciplinary handbook, edited by the premier scholars in the field, Richard Lerner and Laurence Steinberg, and with contributions from the leading researchers, reflects the latest empirical work and growth in the field.

...read moreread less

2,001 citations

Book•

Why Are All The Black Kids Sitting Together In The Cafeteria?: And Other Conversations About Race

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Beverly Daniels Tatum

24 Jun 1999

TL;DR: A definition of terms Defining Racism can be found in this paper, where the Complexity of Identity and Affirmative Action are defined. But there is more than just Black and White, you know.

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Abstract: Introduction A Definition of Terms Defining RacismCan we talk? The Complexity of IdentityWho am I? Understanding Blackness In A White Context The Early YearsIs my skin brown because I drink chocolate milk? Identity Development in AdolescenceWhy are all the black kids sitting together in the cafeteria? Racial Identity in AdulthoodStill a work in progress Understanding Whiteness In a White Context The Development of White IdentityIm not ethnic, Im just normal. White Identity and Affirmative ActionIm in favor of affirmative action except when it comes to my jobs. Beyond Black and White Critical Issues in Latino, American Indian, and Asian Pacific American Identity DevelopmentTheres more than just Black and White, you know. Identity Development in Multiracial FamiliesBut dont the children suffer? Breaking The Silence Embracing a Cross-Racial DialogueWe were struggling for the words.

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1,562 citations