Polarization Effects in Multilayer Dielectric Thin Films
TL;DR: In this paper, the spectral properties of multilayer dielectric thin films are investigated for different states of polarizations p and s even when the incoming light is unpolarized, and the difference between both spectra of the two states of polarization is regarded as the polarization effect.
Abstract: The spectral behaviour of the reflected and transmitted light from a dielectric multilayer film at an oblique angle of incidence is discussed. These spectra are different for both states of polarizations p and s even when the incoming light is unpolarized. The difference between both spectra of the two states of polarization is regarded as the polarization effect. This effect is investigated for three cases: all dielectric Fabry-Perot interference filters (ADI), Long and Short-wave Pass Filters (LWPF and SWPF) and multilayer antireflection coatings (AR). The conditions for avoiding or reducing these polarization effects in multilayer dielectric thin films of the above-mentioned cases are found and applied. Typical designs and calculated spectra are given and discussed.
Citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a two-material producible design was proposed to improve current limitations in wavelength-division multiplex transmission over multimode optical fibers, where multiple half-wave filters can be detuned to provide a nonpolarizing edge at a specific angle of incidence.
Abstract: Multiple half-wave filters can be detuned to provide a nonpolarizing edge at a specific angle of incidence. For the case of quarter-wave layers, an analytic expression for the necessary amount of detuning can be derived. For non-quarter-wave layers, a more empirical design approach is used. The resulting two-material producible designs improve current limitations in wavelength-division multiplex transmission over multimode optical fibers.
45 citations
TL;DR: Ohmer's algorithm for the complete exact synthesis of three-layer equivalent periods has been generalized for oblique incidence, and a theory was developed for periods with unsplit equivalent admittances, observing simultaneously the corresponding equivalent phase thicknesses.
Abstract: Ohmer's algorithm for the complete exact synthesis of three-layer equivalent periods has been generalized for oblique incidence, and a theory was developed for periods with unsplit equivalent admittances, observing simultaneously the corresponding equivalent phase thicknesses. In a parallel development general conditions were deduced for the depolarization of outer media by quarterwave extensions of the central system. In combination, these building blocks enable the design of depolarized partial reflectors. A number of concrete designs are presented on various reflection levels.
31 citations
TL;DR: These truly polarization-independent beam splitters for 0.6328- and 10.6-microm laser radiation are designed using single-layer-coated (Cleartran) ZnS and Ge prisms and are found to be reasonably achromatic.
Abstract: Truly polarization-independent beam splitters for 0.6328- and 10.6-microm (He-Ne and CO(2)) laser radiation are designed using single-layer-coated (Cleartran) ZnS and Ge prisms. These devices are found to be reasonably achromatic, their reflectance (beam-splitting ratio) can be varied over a wide range with little accompanying polarization error, and they are tolerent to small film-thickness and film refractive-index errors.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new method of designing dielectric edge filters for wavelength-selective optical tapping elements based on the beam splitter concept relies on the analysis of the envelope of the reflectance for the beam components oscillating normal and parallel to the plane of incidence in the passband of the filter.
Abstract: A new method of designing dielectric edge filters for wavelength-selective optical tapping elements based on the beam splitter concept relies on the analysis of the envelope of the reflectance for the beam components oscillating normal and parallel to the plane of incidence in the passband of the filter Despite the 45° angle of incidence of the beam, the strong polarizing effects usually encountered are almost entirely avoided for the two wavelengths that are to be demultiplexed A number of multilayer stack designs of the type S(H/2 L H/2) k S are described in which the ideal reflectance Rs = Rp = 0 is realized for the s and p components at the wavelength to be passed, while the desired value Rs≈Rp≈1 is realized for the wavelength to be rejected
6 citations
TL;DR: This paper gives solutions for multilayer dielectrics that yield polarization-independent operation at a given angle of incidence and at agiven frequency and rules for obtaining new polarization- independent solutions by cascading given solutions.
Abstract: This paper gives solutions for multilayer dielectrics that yield polarization-independent operation at a given angle of incidence and at a given frequency. An exhaustive analysis is given for symmetric three-layer dielectrics surrounded by the same medium. Special solutions are also given for symmetric multilayer dielectrics with more than three layers surrounded by the same medium and for multilayer dielectrics surrounded by different media. Rules are presented for obtaining new polarization-independent solutions by cascading given solutions. Finally, for the purpose of demonstration and comparison of various solutions, different design examples are carried out for polarization-independent 3-dB beam splitters to operate at millimeter wavelengths.
6 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1969
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a theoretical analysis of thin-film dielectric materials and apply it to filter and coating applications, showing that layer uniformity and thickness monitoring are important factors affecting layer and coating properties.
Abstract: Introduction. Basic theory. Antireflection coating. Neutral mirrors and beam splitters. Multilayer high-reflectance coatings. Edge filters. Band-pass filters. Tilted coatings. Production methods and thin-film materials. Factors affecting layer and coating properties. Layer uniformity and thickness monitoring. Specification of filters and environmental effects. System considerations: applications of filters and coatings. Other topics. Characteristics of thin-film dielectric materials.
3,301 citations
1,814 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the properties of double half-wave systems are analyzed and the conditions to be fulfilled in the design of band-pass filters of various band widths and of low-frequency pass filters are deduced.
Abstract: Any nonabsorbing multilayer system may be completely described by two effective interfaces. An analysis based on this representation is applied to deduce the properties of systems consisting of one or two half-wave layers surrounded by reflecting stacks. The salient features of the transmission characteristics are easily obtained. The conditions to be fulfilled in the design of band-pass filters of various band widths and of low-(frequency) pass filters are deduced. It is shown that double half-wave systems have theoretical advantages in band shape and peak transmission over single half-wave systems. This is confirmed experimentally.
119 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the synthesis of multilayer dielectric films as antireflection coatings over any specified frequency band has not been attempted before, and the design procedure (synthesis) described herein leads to the best possible antireslection films, but demands precisely controlled materials with certain refractive indices.
Abstract: The synthesis (as opposed to analysis) of multilayer dielectric films as antireflection coatings over any specified frequency band has not been attempted before. The similarity with transmission lines, which can be synthesized as multisection quarter-wave transformers to minimize reflection over any prescribed frequency band, is utilized by applying recently developed synthesis procedures for quarter-wave transformers to the synthesis of multiple antireflection films. [ See O. S.
Heavens
, Optical Properties of Thin Solid Films ( Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1955); and P. J.
Leurgans
, J. Opt. Soc. Am.41, 714 ( 1951).] A brief review of network synthesis is given, leading up to the synthesis of quarter-wave transformers and multilayer films. Numerical tables are presented in this paper from which antireflection coatings of up to four layers can be designed by interpolation. The design procedure (synthesis) described herein leads to the best possible antireflection films, but demands precisely controlled materials with certain refractive indices. It is hoped that this paper will help to promote the development of such materials, and will encourage opticists to try experimentally for the optimum performances possible in theory.
79 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a procedure is described which enables three-layer anti-reflection coatings to be designed, which possess zero reflectance at two different wavelengths, but there is no simple relationship between the optical thicknesses of the constituent films.
Abstract: A procedure is described which enables three-layer anti-reflection coatings to be designed, which possess zero reflectance at two different wavelengths. There is no simple relationship between the optical thicknesses of the constituent films.
28 citations