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Proceedings ArticleDOI

Polarization mode dispersion reduction in optical fibers

TL;DR: In this article, the use of polarizer for compensating PMD along with an optical delay element, where the delay factor is predetermined based on the simulation bandwidth, is proposed to improve the performance of PMD.
Abstract: Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) is a kind of modal dispersion usually associated with Single Mode Fibers (SMF). It is measured in picoseconds per square root of kilometer as it is proportional to the square root of the length of the fiber. It is one of the serious impairments which limit the data rate in long distance transmission and high speed communication systems. It severely degrades the system performance and causes pulse broadening. PMD has negligible effect on low data rate systems but it affects the bandwidth distance product severely in high data rate systems. Being time varying, it increases the Bit Error Rate (BER) in long distance communication. Hence, compensation of PMD is essential. This paper adopts the use of polarizer for compensating PMD along with an optical delay element, where the delay factor is predetermined based on the simulation bandwidth. With the Deterministic Differential Group Delay (DDGD) algorithm, PMD gets compensated to the original pulse duration and BER less than 0.99999E-40 is achieved.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a distributed optical PMD equalizer with one piece of polarization-maintaining fiber twisted by 64 stepper motors has been proposed and tested in transmission systems with bit rates of 10, 20 and 40 Gb/s.
Abstract: Polarization mode dispersion (PMD), especially in "old" fibers, is considered harmful for installation and upgrading of trunk lines. An optical PMD equalizer should have several or many differential group delay (DGD) sections with polarization transformers in between which can endlessly transform any input polarization into a principal state of the following DGD section. The sections must practically have fixed DGDs unless there is only one section. The small-signal baseband transfer function for PMD, higher order PMD, and the necessary number of sections as well as their control by the output signals of an electrical filter bank in the receiver are also discussed in this context. Several PMD equalizers have been realized and successfully tested in transmission systems with bit rates of 10, 20, and 40 Gb/s. The systems operated stably with well-opened eye diagrams for DGDs ranging between 0 and 1.7 bit durations. Best performance is obtained from a distributed PMD equalizer with one piece of polarization-maintaining fiber twisted by 64 stepper motors. The principle can also be realized in LiNbO/sub 3/.

262 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
B.W. Hakki1
TL;DR: In this article, a phase diversity detection method for compensating for polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in optical fiber at 10 Gb/s is described. But this method relies on a three-sectioned polarization maintaining fiber that provides a controlled amount of PMD in the range of 1.6-42 ps.
Abstract: A phase diversity detection method is described for compensating for polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in optical fiber at 10 Gb/s. The PMD distorted received signal is separated into its two constituent principal states of polarization (PSP) by maximizing the measured phase difference between the two pseudorandom data streams. The PMD is inferred from the measured phase and the two data streams are resynchronized by introducing appropriate delay/advance in their respective paths prior to merging in a combiner. The PMD source is a specially constructed three-sectioned polarization maintaining fiber that provides a controlled amount of PMD in the range of 1.6-42 ps.

103 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a single-section polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) compensator was proposed to improve the overall system performance by reducing the fading probability for the worst performing channel at any given time.
Abstract: We demonstrate, both experimentally and numerically, polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) compensation in wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) systems without wavelength demultiplexing. Our technique improves the overall system performance by reducing the fading probability for the worst-performing channel at any given time. The effectiveness of our approach is based on the fact that, for moderate PMD, the probability that all channels are severely degraded at the same time is extremely small. A single-section PMD compensator reduces the 2% worst-case power penalty for a four-channel 10-Gb/s WDM system with /spl sim/42 ps average differential group delay from 9.6 to 5.3 dB.

58 citations


Additional excerpts

  • ...…mode dispersion compensation by phase diversity detection, Microwave & Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC), 2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International, Oct. 29 2011- Nov. 1 2011 [7] Polarization-mode dispersion compensation in WDM systems, Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE (Volume:13 , Issue:12),Dec.2001...

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Journal ArticleDOI
Lianshan Yan1, Q. Yu1, T. Luo1, Alan E. Willner1, X.S. Yao 
TL;DR: In this paper, a higher order polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) compensation scheme using a polarization controller and a phase modulator in the transmitter, as well as a traditional first-order compensator in the receiver was demonstrated for a 10-Gb/s non-return-to-zero (NRZ) transmission over a link with an average PMD of 50 ps.
Abstract: We demonstrate a higher order polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) compensation scheme using a polarization controller and a phase modulator in the transmitter, as well as a traditional first-order compensator in the receiver. The effectiveness of this approach is experimentally demonstrated for a 10-Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) transmission over a link with an average PMD of 50 ps. Under this large PMD condition, the system power penalty can be reduced from /spl sim/4 dB that is achieved with a first-order compensator to 1 dB using the proposed technique. According to a reasonable outage criterion, simulation results show that the tolerance to average PMD for the 40-Gb/s NRZ system is improved to /spl sim/10 ps, as compared to the 7-ps value using only first-order PMD compensation. Such improvement may double the PMD-limited transmission distance.

19 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the pulse broadening of optical signals in a single mode fiber was studied theoretically in the presence of polarization mode dispersion, polarization dependent losses, chromatic dispersion and spectral chirping.

9 citations


Additional excerpts

  • ...…mode dispersion compensation by phase diversity detection, Microwave & Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC), 2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International, Oct. 29 2011- Nov. 1 2011 [7] Polarization-mode dispersion compensation in WDM systems, Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE (Volume:13 , Issue:12),Dec.2001...

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