Dissertation•
Political economy of port competition : institutional analyses of Rotterdam, Southern California and Dubai
01 Jan 2007-
About: The article was published on 2007-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 37 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Port (computer networking) & Competition (economics).
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14 Sep 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose an evaluation of the performance of the ports of l'Axe Seine (Le Havre, Rouge, Caen, Paris, Le Havre/Rouen) and propose recommandations to improve the performance.
Abstract: Ce document de travail propose une evaluation de la performance des ports de l’Axe Seine (Le Havre,
Rouen, Caen, Paris), une analyse de l’impact de ces ports sur leur territoire et une appreciation des
politiques et de la gouvernance dans ce domaine. Il fait le constat du caractere declinant de la performance
portuaire au cours de la derniere decennie et identifie les principaux determinants de ce phenomene. En
plus de cela, le rapport analyse les possibilites de synergies entre les differents ports et indique les futurs
developpements majeurs qui influenceront la performance portuaire. Les differents impacts des ports (en
termes economiques, sociaux et environnementaux) sont identifies et quantifies lorsque c’est possible. La
valeur ajoutee du cluster portuaire du Havre/Rouen a ete calculee et ses interconnexions avec d’autres
secteurs economiques et d’autres regions de France ont ete identifiees. Le rapport montre divers impacts
des ports, mais indique que beaucoup de ces impacts ont des retombees dans d’autres regions que celles
dans lesquelles les ports sont situes. Les principales politiques a l’egard des ports, des transports, du
developpement economique, ainsi que de l’innovation, de l’environnement et de l’amenagement du
territoire ont ete evaluees. Cela inclut les politiques a l’echelle des autorites portuaires et aux echelles
locales, regionales et nationales. Les mecanismes de gouvernance a ces differents niveaux sont decrits et
analyses. Un ensemble de mesure lie a une reforme portuaire, mis en place en 2011, a change les roles des
acteurs au sein des ports, alors que les initiatives a l’echelle regionale se sont intensifiees. A partir de
l’analyse de ce rapport, des recommandations sont formulees afin d’ameliorer la performance portuaire et
d’augmenter l’impact positif de ces ports sur leur territoire.
5 citations
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this paper, a qualitative case study of the Port of Valencia is presented, making use of both new institutional economics to grasp the economic behaviour of port stakeholders, and the structure of provision approach to guide an institutional analysis on how the attributes of the port of Valencia provide global shipping companies with competitive advantages.
Abstract: Face to high unemployment and GDP stagnation, competitive ports bear potential positive impacts on regional economic development over their hinterland. Ports are conceived as nodes in global supply chains basing their competitiveness in deriving location, infrastructure, connectivity and supply chain integration advantages for logistics operators. In the current global logistics scenario, port oversupply has increased competition, and global shipping companies are increasingly influential in inserting ports into international maritime routes. This qualitative case study is a pragmatic research, making use of both new institutional economics to grasp the economic behaviour of port stakeholders, and the structure of provision approach to guide an institutional analysis on how the attributes of the Port of Valencia provide global shipping companies with competitive advantages. Institutions turn to be relevant in generating advantages such as a privileged connectivity to the centre of the peninsula, an outperforming integrated electronic information interchange system among all members of the port community, or the port authority’s valuable coordination, promotion and leadership of initiatives boosting logistics operators’ competitiveness. Port institutions have also shaped competitive disadvantages, namely the elevated cost of stowage, towage services, some taxes or low productivity of some terminals. The analysis of these findings grounds a discussion on possible adjustments of the port institutional attributes to strengthen the competitive advantages offered to global shipping companies, thus contributing to the regional economic development of the port hinterland. The paper concludes with some challenges for the future and further research tracks.
3 citations
Cites background or methods from "Political economy of port competiti..."
...The “structure of provision” concept allows for a sound “investigation on the territorial embeddedness of key dominant actors in ports” (Jacobs et al. 2007, 330), “the way ports are institutionally structured and how it changes through the strategic behaviour of stakeholders” (Jacobs 2007, 22 362)....
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...Although some differences exist, similar theoretical framework and methodology to this research have been already conducted for studies at the ports of Dubai, Los Angeles, Long Beach or Rotterdam (Jacobs et al. 2007, Jacobs 2007, 2007b)....
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...Indeed, the role of shipping lines and terminal operators has expanded considerably vis-à-vis port authorities, local and national governments (Slack et al. 2002; Notteboom 2004 in Jacobs 2007, 363) in influencing port competitiveness....
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...Elements considered include property rights, land-use planning, environmental and safety or security stipulations, port tariffs and other relevant regulations” (Jacobs 2007, 362)....
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...A suitable location, appropriate infrastructure and superstructure, as well as sufficient capacity are conditio sine qua non to attract cargo flows (Jacobs 2007, 362)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the role of labor, and labor relations, in port and terminal location decisions is studied in the context of the shift of container traffic from the West to the East coast of the United States and, as an illustrative case study, how these developments have played out for the east coast port of Jacksonville, Florida.
Abstract: The globalization of production and the geographic dispersion of economic activity have elevated the importance of the transportation and logistics sectors of the economy. One sector in particular that has experienced significant expansion is maritime transport and container shipping. As the cargo has become increasingly “discretionary” such that it can conceivably be transported through any port that allows intermodal access to the hinterland, the industry has become much more foot-loose vis-a-vis a particular port of entry. The enhanced mobility of the cargo results in more intense port competition. One particular place to observe and study this dynamic is in the port and terminal location decisions of shippers and shipping lines and the role of port authorities in attempting to attract these carriers to their facilities. In this paper the focus is on the role of labor, and labor relations, in such decisions. These issues will be studied in the context of the shift of container traffic from the West to the East coast of the United States and, as an illustrative case study, how these developments have played out for the East coast port of Jacksonville, Florida.
3 citations
Cites background from "Political economy of port competiti..."
...Accordingly, the enhanced mobility of the cargo, and the shipping lines that transport the cargo, results in more intense competition among the ports seeking the business of the shipping lines (Fleming, 1989; Fleming & Baird, 1999; Notteboom, 2004; Jacobs, 2007)....
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01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyse the impact of van snelle and ingrijpende veranderingsprocessen on the transport, distributie, and logistieke sectors.
Abstract: Het is niet nieuw te stellen dat de transportsector in het algemeen en de distributie en logistieke sector in het bijzonder een fase van snelle en ingrijpende veranderingen hebben doorgemaakt en nog steeds doormaken. De dynamiek en de nieuwe ontwikkelingen worden onder meer gestuurd door een aantal megatrends op vlak van demografie (bevolkingsgroei vergrijzing, migratie), ecologie (klimaatverandering, druk op natuurlijke hulpbronnen), economie (verschuiving van het economische zwaartepunt, andere verhouding tussen consument en producent, rationalisering, consolidaties), politiek (transformatie van overheden), maatschappij (individualisering, diversiteit), en wetenschap en innovatie (disruptieve technologieen) (Vlaamse Regering, 2015). Deze veranderingsprocessen hebben een impact op de wijze waarop sectoren en producenten functioneren, consumenten reageren en de daaruit volgende ruimtelijke gevolgen. Transporten distributiebedrijven en logistieke dienstverleners gaan zich bijvoorbeeld bij uitstek lokaliseren (of herlokaliseren) op plaatsen die goed (of beter) bereikbaar zijn (zogenaamde ‘hot spots’). We denken hierbij aan de belangrijke gateways en mainports (zeeen luchthavens), de knooppunten langs belangrijke vervoersassen, multimodale overslagpunten, ‘hub-and-spoke’ locaties, en distributielokaties zijn maar enkele van de vestigingsplaatsen die thans zeer sterk in trek zijn. Het voorspellen van die ruimtelijke effecten, de raming van de ruimtebehoefte en het resulterend vestigingspatroon is dan ook geen eenvoudige zaak. Het doorgronden van het ruimtelijk-economisch functioneren van de transport, distributie en logistieke sector (kortweg TDL) is dan ook een bijzonder interessante uitdaging.
2 citations
Cites background from "Political economy of port competiti..."
...Maritieme handel en de toegevoegde waarde die het potentieel meebrengt is en blijft belangrijk voor een haven, maar is, zoals Jacobs (2007) stelt, letterlijk waardeloos als men er niet in slaagt die lokaal of regionaal te capteren....
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...Echter is het niet het schip dat belangrijk is voor de havenregio, maar hoe men toegevoegde waarde creëert met de lading van de schepen (Jacobs, 2007)....
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References
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Book•
01 Jan 1990TL;DR: Douglass C. North as discussed by the authors developed an analytical framework for explaining the ways in which institutions and institutional change affect the performance of economies, both at a given time and over time.
Abstract: Continuing his groundbreaking analysis of economic structures, Douglass North develops an analytical framework for explaining the ways in which institutions and institutional change affect the performance of economies, both at a given time and over time. Institutions exist, he argues, due to the uncertainties involved in human interaction; they are the constraints devised to structure that interaction. Yet, institutions vary widely in their consequences for economic performance; some economies develop institutions that produce growth and development, while others develop institutions that produce stagnation. North first explores the nature of institutions and explains the role of transaction and production costs in their development. The second part of the book deals with institutional change. Institutions create the incentive structure in an economy, and organisations will be created to take advantage of the opportunities provided within a given institutional framework. North argues that the kinds of skills and knowledge fostered by the structure of an economy will shape the direction of change and gradually alter the institutional framework. He then explains how institutional development may lead to a path-dependent pattern of development. In the final part of the book, North explains the implications of this analysis for economic theory and economic history. He indicates how institutional analysis must be incorporated into neo-classical theory and explores the potential for the construction of a dynamic theory of long-term economic change. Douglass C. North is Director of the Center of Political Economy and Professor of Economics and History at Washington University in St. Louis. He is a past president of the Economic History Association and Western Economics Association and a Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He has written over sixty articles for a variety of journals and is the author of The Rise of the Western World: A New Economic History (CUP, 1973, with R.P. Thomas) and Structure and Change in Economic History (Norton, 1981). Professor North is included in Great Economists Since Keynes edited by M. Blaug (CUP, 1988 paperback ed.)
27,080 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the role that institutions, defined as the humanly devised constraints that shape human interaction, play in economic performance and how those institutions change and how a model of dynamic institutions explains the differential performance of economies through time.
Abstract: Examines the role that institutions, defined as the humanly devised constraints that shape human interaction, play in economic performance and how those institutions change and how a model of dynamic institutions explains the differential performance of economies through time. Institutions are separate from organizations, which are assemblages of people directed to strategically operating within institutional constraints. Institutions affect the economy by influencing, together with technology, transaction and production costs. They do this by reducing uncertainty in human interaction, albeit not always efficiently. Entrepreneurs accomplish incremental changes in institutions by perceiving opportunities to do better through altering the institutional framework of political and economic organizations. Importantly, the ability to perceive these opportunities depends on both the completeness of information and the mental constructs used to process that information. Thus, institutions and entrepreneurs stand in a symbiotic relationship where each gives feedback to the other. Neoclassical economics suggests that inefficient institutions ought to be rapidly replaced. This symbiotic relationship helps explain why this theoretical consequence is often not observed: while this relationship allows growth, it also allows inefficient institutions to persist. The author identifies changes in relative prices and prevailing ideas as the source of institutional alterations. Transaction costs, however, may keep relative price changes from being fully exploited. Transaction costs are influenced by institutions and institutional development is accordingly path-dependent. (CAR)
26,011 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the extent to which economic action is embedded in structures of social relations, in modern industrial society, is examined, and it is argued that reformist economists who attempt to bring social structure back in do so in the "oversocialized" way criticized by Dennis Wrong.
Abstract: How behavior and institutions are affected by social relations is one of the classic questions of social theory. This paper concerns the extent to which economic action is embedded in structures of social relations, in modern industrial society. Although the usual neoclasical accounts provide an "undersocialized" or atomized-actor explanation of such action, reformist economists who attempt to bring social structure back in do so in the "oversocialized" way criticized by Dennis Wrong. Under-and oversocialized accounts are paradoxically similar in their neglect of ongoing structures of social relations, and a sophisticated account of economic action must consider its embeddedness in such structures. The argument in illustrated by a critique of Oliver Williamson's "markets and hierarchies" research program.
25,601 citations
"Political economy of port competiti..." refers background in this paper
...Proponents of this model (cf. Granovetter 1985) see institutional change as arising out of collective processes of interpretation, and emphasis is put on the ways in which existing institutions structure and circumscribe the range of institutional change and creation....
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Book•
01 Jan 1990
TL;DR: The Need for a New Paradigm as discussed by the authors is the need for a new paradigm for the competitive advantage of companies in global industries, as well as the dynamics of national competitive advantage.
Abstract: The Need for a New Paradigm - PART I: FOUNDATIONS - The Competitive Advantage of Firms in Global Industries - Determinants of National Competitive Advantage - The Dynamics of National Advantage - PART II: INDUSTRIES - Four Studies in National Competitive Advantage - National Competitive Advantage in Services - PART III: NATIONS - Patterns of National Competitive Advantage: The Early Postwar Winners - Emerging Nations in the 1970s and 1980s - Shifting National Advantage - The Competitive Development of National Economies - PART IV: IMPLICATIONS - Company Strategy - Government Policy - National Agendas - Epilogue - Appendices - References
22,660 citations
"Political economy of port competiti..." refers background in this paper
...This argument is associated with the work on clusters (Porter, 1990), industrial districts (Piore & Sabel, 1984) and agglomeration-economies (Krugman, 1995)....
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TL;DR: The authors show that the Musgrave-Samuelson analysis, which is valid for federal expenditures, need not apply to local expenditures, and restate the assumptions made by Musgrave and Samuelson and the central problems with which they deal.
Abstract: NE of the most important recent developments in the area of "applied economic theory" has been the work of Musgrave and Samuelson in public finance theory.2 The two writers agree on what is probably the major point under investigation, namely, that no "market type" solution exists to determine the level of expenditures on public goods. Seemingly, we are faced with the problem of having a rather large portion of our national income allocated in a "non-optimal" way when compared with the private sector. This discussion will show that the Musgrave-Samuelson analysis, which is valid for federal expenditures, need not apply to local expenditures. The plan of the discussion is first to restate the assumptions made by Musgrave and Samuelson and the central problems with which they deal. After looking at a key difference between the federal versus local cases, I shall present a simple model. This model yields a solution for the level of expenditures for local public goods which reflects the preferences of the population more adequately than they can be reflected at the national level. The assumptions of the model will then be relaxed to see what implications are involved. Finally, policy considerations will be discussed.
12,105 citations
"Political economy of port competiti..." refers background in this paper
...In such a situation, citizens and businesses can ‘vote with their feet’ (Tiebout, 1956) in the search for the most favorable package of welfare services and taxes within the metropolitan area....
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