Political economy of port competition : institutional analyses of Rotterdam, Southern California and Dubai

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Political economy of port competition : institutional analyses of Rotterdam, Southern California and Dubai

Dissertation•

Political economy of port competition : institutional analyses of Rotterdam, Southern California and Dubai

01 Jan 2007-

About: The article was published on 2007-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 37 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Port (computer networking) & Competition (economics).

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The end of history and the last man : kemenangan kapitalisme dn demokrasi liberal / oleh Francis Fukuyama, penerjemah M.H. Amrullah

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Francis Fukuyama

01 Jan 2003

TL;DR: Fukuyama's seminal work "The End of History and the Last Man" as discussed by the authors was the first book to offer a picture of what the new century would look like, outlining the challenges and problems to face modern liberal democracies, and speculated what was going to come next.

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Abstract: 20th anniversary edition of "The End of History and the Last Man", a landmark of political philosophy by Francis Fukuyama, author of "The Origins of Political Order". With the fall of Berlin Wall in 1989 the threat of the Cold War which had dominated the second half of the twentieth century vanished. And with it the West looked to the future with optimism but renewed uncertainty. "The End of History and the Last Man" was the first book to offer a picture of what the new century would look like. Boldly outlining the challenges and problems to face modern liberal democracies, Frances Fukuyama examined what had just happened and then speculated what was going to come next. Tackling religious fundamentalism, politics, scientific progress, ethical codes and war, "The End of History and the Last Man" remains a compelling work to this day, provoking argument and debate among its readers. "Awesome ...a landmark ...profoundly realistic and important ...supremely timely and cogent ...the first book to fully fathom the depth and range of the changes now sweeping through the world." (George Gilder, "The Washington"). Post Francis Fukuyama was born in Chicago in 1952. His work includes "America at the Crossroads: Democracy, Power, and the Neoconservative Legacy" and "After the Neo Cons: Where the Right went Wrong". He now lives in Washington D.C. with his wife and children, where he also works as a part time photographer.

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235 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Port Governance Reforms in Diversified Institutional Frameworks: Generic Solutions, Implementation Asymmetries:

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Adolf K.Y. Ng¹, Athanasios A. Pallis²•Institutions (2)

Hong Kong Polytechnic University¹, University of the Aegean²

01 Jan 2010-Environment and Planning A

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the recent corporatisation process of three seaports in Asia and Europe, focusing on whether the newly established seaport governance structures follow a path largely affected by the local/national institutional frameworks and the political traditions in place.

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Abstract: Bringing in neo-institutional perspectives, this paper investigates the recent corporatisation process of three seaports in Asia and Europe. We focus on whether the newly established seaport governance structures follow a path largely affected by the local/national institutional frameworks and the political traditions in place. Findings confirm that path-dependent decisions largely preserve the institutional characteristics of local/national systems, resulting in implementation asymmetries when different countries seek generic governance solutions.

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160 citations

Cites background from "Political economy of port competiti..."

...Given calls for more balanced regional development (see Jacobs, 2007b), the government also ensured that the PoR would not gain significant competitive advantage due to public financing....
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...…line with the transformation of Singapore (Airriess, 2001a) and Dubai (Jacobs and Hall, 2007) to global hubs, the comparative study of ports in South California, Dubai, and Rotterdam by Jacobs (2007a; 2007b), and Lee et al's (2008) remarks on the importance of contextual traditions for port models....
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...…representatives, the national government pushed a (trans)port expansion agenda (the Main-port Agenda) against the reservations of city authorities who were less keen on attracting more business within the port's premises through too drastic port governance reform (for details, see Jacobs, 2007b)....
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...It is only recently that scholars (ie Hall, 2003; Jacobs, 2007a; Jacobs and Hall, 2007) have focused on a concept previously applied in the context of transportation (Heritier et al, 2001) and maritime (Pallis, 2002) policy evolution: institutional settings do matter....
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...…political traditions and relevant frameworks on port governance between (or within) nations has only recently attracted academic interest, with Airriess (2001a), Hall (2003), Jacobs (2007a), and Jacobs and Hall (2007) examining Singapore, Baltimore, Dubai, and Los Angeles/Long Beach, respectively....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Integrating world cities into production networks : the case of port cities

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Wouter Jacobs¹, César Ducruet², Peter W. de Langen³•Institutions (3)

Erasmus University Rotterdam¹, University of Paris², Eindhoven University of Technology³

01 Jan 2010-Global Networks-a Journal of Transnational Affairs

TL;DR: In this paper, the location patterns of firms that provide specialized advanced producer services (APS) to international commodity chains that move through seaports are analyzed and the authors conclude that while port-related APS activities predominantly follow the world city hierarchy, a number of port cities stand out because they act as nodes in global commodity flows and as centres of advanced services related to shipping and port activities.

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Abstract: In this article we analyse the location patterns of firms that provide specialized advanced producer services (APS) to international commodity chains that move through seaports. Such activities can take place in world cities or in port cities. The analysis of APS location patterns in port cities provides a good opportunity to integrate the study of world cities into the framework of Global Production Networks. Based upon our empirical findings, we conclude that while port-related APS activities predominantly follow the world city hierarchy, a number of port cities stand out because they act as nodes in global commodity flows and as centres of advanced services related to shipping and port activities. Based on these empirical findings we address future avenues of research.

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155 citations

Cites background from "Political economy of port competiti..."

...However, some cities that did not rank high in the GaWC research, such as Houston, Rotterdam, Panama City, Piraeus, Hamburg and Antwerp, clearly emerge as prime locations....
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...Second, ports are important transport nodes in the global supply chains of specific commodities in which value is created (Jacobs 2007; Robinson 2002; Wang et al. 2007) but have hardly been analysed from the GCC-GVC-GPN perspective....
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...Institutionally, the devolution of local government control on the port‟s management (see Brooks and Cullinane 2007; Jacobs 2007) further eroded port-city relationships....
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Posted Content•

Introduction to The Box: How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger

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Marc Levinson

01 Jan 2008-Research Papers in Economics

TL;DR: In this article, a refitted oil tanker carried fifty-eight shipping containers from Newark to Houston, and from that modest beginning, container shipping developed into a huge industry that made the boom in global trade possible.

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Abstract: In April 1956, a refitted oil tanker carried fifty-eight shipping containers from Newark to Houston. From that modest beginning, container shipping developed into a huge industry that made the boom in global trade possible. The Box tells the dramatic story of the container's creation, the decade of struggle before it was widely adopted, and the sweeping economic consequences of the sharp fall in transportation costs that containerization brought about. Published on the fiftieth anniversary of the first container voyage, this is the first comprehensive history of the shipping container. It recounts how the drive and imagination of an iconoclastic entrepreneur, Malcom McLean, turned containerization from an impractical idea into a massive industry that slashed the cost of transporting goods around the world and made the boom in global trade possible. But the container didn't just happen. Its adoption required huge sums of money, both from private investors and from ports that aspired to be on the leading edge of a new technology. It required years of high-stakes bargaining with two of the titans of organized labor, Harry Bridges and Teddy Gleason, as well as delicate negotiations on standards that made it possible for almost any container to travel on any truck or train or ship. Ultimately, it took McLean's success in supplying U.S. forces in Vietnam to persuade the world of the container's potential. Drawing on previously neglected sources, economist Marc Levinson shows how the container transformed economic geography, devastating traditional ports such as New York and London and fueling the growth of previously obscure ones, such as Oakland. By making shipping so cheap that industry could locate factories far from its customers, the container paved the way for Asia to become the world's workshop and brought consumers a previously unimaginable variety of low-cost products from around the globe.

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132 citations

Institutional plasticity and path dependence in seaports : interactions between institutions, port governance reform and port authority routines

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Wouter Jacobs, P. De Langen, Theo Notteboom

01 Jan 2011

TL;DR: In this article, path dependence in seaport governance has been studied and a process of institutional stretching takes place when port authorities see a need to develop new capabilities and activities, gradually leading to a formalised governance reform but without breaking out of the existing path of development.

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Abstract: This paper deals with path dependence in seaport governance. A central notion in this respect is lock-in. Economic geographers have recently started to reconsider the deterministic perspective on lock-in and developed the concept of institutional plasticity. Such plasticity is the result of actions of actors to purposefully ‘recombine and convert or reinterpret institutions for their new objectives or transfer institutions to different contexts’ (Strambach, 2010). This concept is applied to seaports, where so far, path dependence and lock-in have not been studied in detail. Our main conclusion is that a process of institutional stretching takes place when port authorities see a need to develop new capabilities and activities. In this process new layers are added to existing arrangements, gradually leading to a formalised governance reform but without breaking out of the existing path of development.

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131 citations

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References

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Journal Article•DOI•

Domesticating Urban Theory? US Concepts, British Cities and the Limits of Cross-national Applications:

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Andrew Wood¹•Institutions (1)

University of Oklahoma¹

01 Oct 2004-Urban Studies

TL;DR: The efficacy of the urban regime and growth machine concepts beyond the US remains a matter of considerable debate as mentioned in this paper, and some argue that these frameworks retain considerable value so long as they are 'properly' applied and that recent concerns about the limits to these frameworks result from no more than their'misapplication'.

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Abstract: The efficacy of the urban regime and growth machine concepts beyond the US remains a matter of considerable debate. Some argue that these frameworks retain considerable value so long as they are 'properly' applied and that recent concerns about the limits to these frameworks result from no more than their 'misapplication'. I critically examine this argument through a review of recent work on the mobilisation of business interests in British cities. The central claim is that, even when focused on the 'right' issues and questions, US frameworks quickly exhaust their explanatory capacity. In the context of a widening diversity of alternative approaches, I suggest that it is time to move squarely beyond growth coalition and regime accounts. The paper makes a number of suggestions for ways in which this new phase of theory building might proceed.

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62 citations

"Political economy of port competiti..." refers background in this paper

...The concept of urban regimes was not limited to empirical studies of North American cities (as was the concept of the growth machine), as it was increasingly transferred to 36 Krips European contexts (Britain in particular) during the 1990s (Basset 1996, Harding 1997, Kantor et al 1997, Wood 2004)....
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...The transfer of URT to other contexts such as Europe or Asia is therefore not unproblematic (Wood, 2004; Mossberger & Stoker, 2001; Harding, 1997) since European and Asian cities and urban regions operate in different historically developed governance structures and institutional settings....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Is There a ‘New Community Power’ and Why Should We Need One?*

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Alan Harding¹•Institutions (1)

Liverpool John Moores University¹

01 Dec 1996-International Journal of Urban and Regional Research

49 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Regulation as process: Regulation theory and comparative urban and regional research

[...]

Mark Goodwin¹•Institutions (1)

Aberystwyth University¹

01 Mar 2001-Journal of Housing and The Built Environment

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine how recent developments within the regulation approach might be used to inform comparative urban and regional research, at scales varying from the local to the national and international.

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Abstract: This paper examines how recent developments within the regulation approach might be used to inform comparative urban and regional research. It begins by outlining the ways in which regulation theorists have pursued an interest in variability and uneven development. It then reviews attempts made by different authors to deploy regulationist concepts within urban and regional research, at scales varying from the local to the national and international. The paper then outlines a methodological shift which requires us to see regulation as a process, before going on to exemplify how such an approach has been used to inform empirical research. It concludes by examining how strategic-relational state theory might be used in conjunction with the regulation approach to underpin analyses of policy and politics at the urban and regional level.

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42 citations

"Political economy of port competiti..." refers background or methods in this paper

...Regulation is thus perceived as a process (Goodwin, 2001): it is the result...
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...Goodwin (1999), Reconstructing an urban and regional political economy: on...
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...Goodwin (1999), Space, Scale and State Strategy: Rethinking Urban & Re-...
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...Regulation is thus perceived as a process (Goodwin, 2001): it is the result 21 Krips of institutional structures and dynamics, of political and social processes, and of cultural discourses....
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...Coe et al 2004, MacLeod & Goodwin 1999, MacLeod 2001, Martin 2000, Amin 2001, Lagendijk 2006). MacLeod warns us against this ‘soft institutionalism’ (2001, p.1154): “This would be to fall foul of a tautology whereby we view institutional thick regions to be successful economies because they are institutionally thick”. In response to this alleged introversion and parochialism, the debate has broadened by taking account of organizational and sociological work which sheds more light on the development of markets, production chains and sectors (Dicken 2004; Peck 2005, Coe et al 2004, Henderson et al 2002), and by a renewed interest in the role of the state (MacLeod 2001). In that respect Lagendijk (2006) calls for a better appreciation and a further elaboration (and perhaps even rediscovery) of existing concepts and debates within economic geography....
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Book Chapter•

Redefining urban politics for the twenty-first century

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Allan Cochrane

01 Aug 1999

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore three organizing themes: urban growth, discourse and ideology; new dimensions of urban politics; and the growth machine in comparative perspective, and offer exciting new ways of thinking about and researching urban politics and local economic development.

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Abstract: About the book: Harvey Molotch's "city as a growth machine" thesis is one of the most influential approaches to the analysis of urban politics and local economic development in the United States. However, the nature and context of urban politics have changed considerably since the growth machine thesis was first proposed more than twenty years ago, and recent attempts to apply it to settings outside the U.S. have revealed conceptual and empirical limitations. This book offers a unique critical assessment of the contribution of the growth machine thesis to research in urban political economy. Written from an interdisciplinary and international perspective, it brings together leading urban studies scholars. These contributors explore three organizing themes: urban growth, discourse and ideology; new dimensions of urban politics; and the growth machine in comparative perspective. These themes not only provide the focus for the critical examinations of the growth machine thesis, but also offer exciting new ways of thinking about and researching urban politics and local economic development. As Harvey Molotch himself notes in this book's concluding chapter, "The growth machine idea makes a substantive argument about the empirical substance of U.S. urban regimes. It asserts that virtually every city (and state) government is a growth machine and long has been. It asserts that this puts localities in chronic competition with one another in ways that harm the vast majority of their citizens as well as their environments. It anticipates an ideological structure that naturalizes growth goals as a background assumption of civic life. In a social science realm where successful empirical generalizations have been few, the growth machine idea robustly and usefully describes reality."

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42 citations

"Political economy of port competiti..." refers background in this paper

...The growth machine thesis is a departure also from earlier structuralist accounts, which see urban politics merely as instrumental to the social reproduction of national welfare state policies (Cochrane, 1999) through the promotion of localized forms of collective consumption....
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Journal Article•DOI•

On the Distribution of Economic Rent in Seaports

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Richard Goss¹•Institutions (1)

Cardiff University¹

01 Jul 1999-International Journal of Maritime Economics

42 citations