Political economy of port competition : institutional analyses of Rotterdam, Southern California and Dubai

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Political economy of port competition : institutional analyses of Rotterdam, Southern California and Dubai

Dissertation•

Political economy of port competition : institutional analyses of Rotterdam, Southern California and Dubai

01 Jan 2007-

About: The article was published on 2007-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 37 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Port (computer networking) & Competition (economics).

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The end of history and the last man : kemenangan kapitalisme dn demokrasi liberal / oleh Francis Fukuyama, penerjemah M.H. Amrullah

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Francis Fukuyama

01 Jan 2003

TL;DR: Fukuyama's seminal work "The End of History and the Last Man" as discussed by the authors was the first book to offer a picture of what the new century would look like, outlining the challenges and problems to face modern liberal democracies, and speculated what was going to come next.

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Abstract: 20th anniversary edition of "The End of History and the Last Man", a landmark of political philosophy by Francis Fukuyama, author of "The Origins of Political Order". With the fall of Berlin Wall in 1989 the threat of the Cold War which had dominated the second half of the twentieth century vanished. And with it the West looked to the future with optimism but renewed uncertainty. "The End of History and the Last Man" was the first book to offer a picture of what the new century would look like. Boldly outlining the challenges and problems to face modern liberal democracies, Frances Fukuyama examined what had just happened and then speculated what was going to come next. Tackling religious fundamentalism, politics, scientific progress, ethical codes and war, "The End of History and the Last Man" remains a compelling work to this day, provoking argument and debate among its readers. "Awesome ...a landmark ...profoundly realistic and important ...supremely timely and cogent ...the first book to fully fathom the depth and range of the changes now sweeping through the world." (George Gilder, "The Washington"). Post Francis Fukuyama was born in Chicago in 1952. His work includes "America at the Crossroads: Democracy, Power, and the Neoconservative Legacy" and "After the Neo Cons: Where the Right went Wrong". He now lives in Washington D.C. with his wife and children, where he also works as a part time photographer.

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235 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Port Governance Reforms in Diversified Institutional Frameworks: Generic Solutions, Implementation Asymmetries:

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Adolf K.Y. Ng¹, Athanasios A. Pallis²•Institutions (2)

Hong Kong Polytechnic University¹, University of the Aegean²

01 Jan 2010-Environment and Planning A

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the recent corporatisation process of three seaports in Asia and Europe, focusing on whether the newly established seaport governance structures follow a path largely affected by the local/national institutional frameworks and the political traditions in place.

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Abstract: Bringing in neo-institutional perspectives, this paper investigates the recent corporatisation process of three seaports in Asia and Europe. We focus on whether the newly established seaport governance structures follow a path largely affected by the local/national institutional frameworks and the political traditions in place. Findings confirm that path-dependent decisions largely preserve the institutional characteristics of local/national systems, resulting in implementation asymmetries when different countries seek generic governance solutions.

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160 citations

Cites background from "Political economy of port competiti..."

...Given calls for more balanced regional development (see Jacobs, 2007b), the government also ensured that the PoR would not gain significant competitive advantage due to public financing....
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...…line with the transformation of Singapore (Airriess, 2001a) and Dubai (Jacobs and Hall, 2007) to global hubs, the comparative study of ports in South California, Dubai, and Rotterdam by Jacobs (2007a; 2007b), and Lee et al's (2008) remarks on the importance of contextual traditions for port models....
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...…representatives, the national government pushed a (trans)port expansion agenda (the Main-port Agenda) against the reservations of city authorities who were less keen on attracting more business within the port's premises through too drastic port governance reform (for details, see Jacobs, 2007b)....
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...It is only recently that scholars (ie Hall, 2003; Jacobs, 2007a; Jacobs and Hall, 2007) have focused on a concept previously applied in the context of transportation (Heritier et al, 2001) and maritime (Pallis, 2002) policy evolution: institutional settings do matter....
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...…political traditions and relevant frameworks on port governance between (or within) nations has only recently attracted academic interest, with Airriess (2001a), Hall (2003), Jacobs (2007a), and Jacobs and Hall (2007) examining Singapore, Baltimore, Dubai, and Los Angeles/Long Beach, respectively....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Integrating world cities into production networks : the case of port cities

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Wouter Jacobs¹, César Ducruet², Peter W. de Langen³•Institutions (3)

Erasmus University Rotterdam¹, University of Paris², Eindhoven University of Technology³

01 Jan 2010-Global Networks-a Journal of Transnational Affairs

TL;DR: In this paper, the location patterns of firms that provide specialized advanced producer services (APS) to international commodity chains that move through seaports are analyzed and the authors conclude that while port-related APS activities predominantly follow the world city hierarchy, a number of port cities stand out because they act as nodes in global commodity flows and as centres of advanced services related to shipping and port activities.

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Abstract: In this article we analyse the location patterns of firms that provide specialized advanced producer services (APS) to international commodity chains that move through seaports. Such activities can take place in world cities or in port cities. The analysis of APS location patterns in port cities provides a good opportunity to integrate the study of world cities into the framework of Global Production Networks. Based upon our empirical findings, we conclude that while port-related APS activities predominantly follow the world city hierarchy, a number of port cities stand out because they act as nodes in global commodity flows and as centres of advanced services related to shipping and port activities. Based on these empirical findings we address future avenues of research.

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155 citations

Cites background from "Political economy of port competiti..."

...However, some cities that did not rank high in the GaWC research, such as Houston, Rotterdam, Panama City, Piraeus, Hamburg and Antwerp, clearly emerge as prime locations....
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...Second, ports are important transport nodes in the global supply chains of specific commodities in which value is created (Jacobs 2007; Robinson 2002; Wang et al. 2007) but have hardly been analysed from the GCC-GVC-GPN perspective....
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...Institutionally, the devolution of local government control on the port‟s management (see Brooks and Cullinane 2007; Jacobs 2007) further eroded port-city relationships....
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Posted Content•

Introduction to The Box: How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger

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Marc Levinson

01 Jan 2008-Research Papers in Economics

TL;DR: In this article, a refitted oil tanker carried fifty-eight shipping containers from Newark to Houston, and from that modest beginning, container shipping developed into a huge industry that made the boom in global trade possible.

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Abstract: In April 1956, a refitted oil tanker carried fifty-eight shipping containers from Newark to Houston. From that modest beginning, container shipping developed into a huge industry that made the boom in global trade possible. The Box tells the dramatic story of the container's creation, the decade of struggle before it was widely adopted, and the sweeping economic consequences of the sharp fall in transportation costs that containerization brought about. Published on the fiftieth anniversary of the first container voyage, this is the first comprehensive history of the shipping container. It recounts how the drive and imagination of an iconoclastic entrepreneur, Malcom McLean, turned containerization from an impractical idea into a massive industry that slashed the cost of transporting goods around the world and made the boom in global trade possible. But the container didn't just happen. Its adoption required huge sums of money, both from private investors and from ports that aspired to be on the leading edge of a new technology. It required years of high-stakes bargaining with two of the titans of organized labor, Harry Bridges and Teddy Gleason, as well as delicate negotiations on standards that made it possible for almost any container to travel on any truck or train or ship. Ultimately, it took McLean's success in supplying U.S. forces in Vietnam to persuade the world of the container's potential. Drawing on previously neglected sources, economist Marc Levinson shows how the container transformed economic geography, devastating traditional ports such as New York and London and fueling the growth of previously obscure ones, such as Oakland. By making shipping so cheap that industry could locate factories far from its customers, the container paved the way for Asia to become the world's workshop and brought consumers a previously unimaginable variety of low-cost products from around the globe.

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132 citations

Institutional plasticity and path dependence in seaports : interactions between institutions, port governance reform and port authority routines

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Wouter Jacobs, P. De Langen, Theo Notteboom

01 Jan 2011

TL;DR: In this article, path dependence in seaport governance has been studied and a process of institutional stretching takes place when port authorities see a need to develop new capabilities and activities, gradually leading to a formalised governance reform but without breaking out of the existing path of development.

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Abstract: This paper deals with path dependence in seaport governance. A central notion in this respect is lock-in. Economic geographers have recently started to reconsider the deterministic perspective on lock-in and developed the concept of institutional plasticity. Such plasticity is the result of actions of actors to purposefully ‘recombine and convert or reinterpret institutions for their new objectives or transfer institutions to different contexts’ (Strambach, 2010). This concept is applied to seaports, where so far, path dependence and lock-in have not been studied in detail. Our main conclusion is that a process of institutional stretching takes place when port authorities see a need to develop new capabilities and activities. In this process new layers are added to existing arrangements, gradually leading to a formalised governance reform but without breaking out of the existing path of development.

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131 citations

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References

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Book•

Rise of the Network Society: The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture

[...]

Manuel Castells

01 Sep 1996

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the evolution and extinction of the dinosaurs, the rise of the network society, the information age a practical game development with unity and blender, and summary of the literature univerzita karlova end of millennium, information age economy society and end of the 20th century.

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Abstract: the rise of the network society the information age a practical game development with unity and blenderprac summary of the literature univerzita karlova end of millennium the information age economy society and end of millennium the information age economy society and country in the mind wallace stegner bernard devoto history damodar n gujarati basic econometrics solution bibliography rand corporation varanasi rediscovered 1st edition hsandc local and global: management of cities in the information age short stories from the second world war ceyway western democracy in crisis: the rise of populism and post acls 2013 printable study guide opalfs irak el estado incierto introduccion de gustavo aristegui green hill far away askand wimpy is the new cool louduk the evolution and extinction of the dinosaurs pugcit nationles grands articles duniversalis french edition requirements analysis: from business views to architecture pdf of the book. experimental research laudit dental solutions houston spzone

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2,597 citations

"Political economy of port competiti..." refers background in this paper

...The network metaphor is further elaborated in the work of Castells (1996), where he speaks of a transition from a ‘space of places’ to ‘space of flows’....
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...The shift towards post-Fordism is associated with the rise of the ‘network society’ (Castells, 1996), the internet and other Information Technology (IT) applications, and the ‘knowledge based’ economy....
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Journal Article•DOI•

The Economic Institutions of Capitalism: Firms, Markets, Relational Contracting.

[...]

Robert G. Eccles, Oliver E. Williamson

01 Dec 1987-Administrative Science Quarterly

2,157 citations

"Political economy of port competiti..." refers background in this paper

...Institutions are seen as the outcome of market behavior, constantly changing through a process of competitive selection in response to shifts in relative prices and transactions costs (cf. Williamson, 1985)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Global production networks and the analysis of economic development

[...]

Jeffrey Henderson, Peter Dicken¹, Martin Hess¹, Neil M. Coe¹, Henry Wai-chung Yeung² - Show less +1 more•Institutions (2)

University of Manchester¹, National University of Singapore²

01 Aug 2002-Review of International Political Economy

TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a framework for the analysis of economic integration and its relation to the asymmetries of economic and social development, which is more adequate to the exigencies and consequences of globalization than has traditionally been the case in development studies.

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Abstract: This article outlines a framework for the analysis of economic integration and its relation to the asymmetries of economic and social development. Consciously breaking with state-centric forms of social science, it argues for a research agenda that is more adequate to the exigencies and consequences of globalization than has traditionally been the case in 'development studies'. Drawing on earlier attempts to analyse the cross-border activities of firms, their spatial configurations and developmental consequences, the article moves beyond these by proposing the framework of the 'global production network' (GPN). It explores the conceptual elements involved in this framework in some detail and then turns to sketch a stylized example of a GPN. The article concludes with a brief indication of the benefits that could be delivered by research informed by GPN analysis.

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1,809 citations

"Political economy of port competiti..." refers background in this paper

...Consumer markets and production centers are nowadays worlds apart, and are increasingly linked by institutional, logistical and physical arrangements and networks (Henderson et al, 2002)....
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...Global 28 Krips production networks (GPN) can be defined as the globally organized nexus of interconnected functions and operations through which goods and services are produced, distributed and consumed (Coe et al 2004, Henderson et al 2002)....
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...Moreover, sectors have specific forms of co-ordination in which organizations like business associations and labor unions play a prominent role, from the local to the global level (Hollingsworth et al 1994, Henderson et al 2002)....
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...Nevertheless it is safe to say that: “[F]rom a development point of view, then, the mode of territorial embeddedness or the degree of a GPN firm’s commitment to a particular location is an important factor for value creation, enhancement and capture” (Henderson et al, 2002, pp.453)....
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...Ports are therefore not only embedded within these networks or chains, but also within a particular territorialized institutional framework (Henderson et al, 2002)....
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Book•

Development, Geography, and Economic Theory

[...]

Paul Krugman

15 Sep 1995

TL;DR: Paul Krugman argues that the unwillingness of mainstream economists to think about what they could not formalize led them to ignore ideas that turn out, in retrospect, to have been very good ones as discussed by the authors.

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Abstract: Why do certain ideas gain currency in economics while others fall by the wayside? Paul Krugman argues that the unwillingness of mainstream economists to think about what they could not formalize led them to ignore ideas that turn out, in retrospect, to have been very good ones. Krugman examines the course of economic geograph and development theory to shed light on the nature of economic inquiry. He traces how development theory lost its huge initial influence and virtually disappeared from economic discourse after it became clear that many of the theory's main insights could not be clearly modeled. Economic geography seems to have fared even worse, as economists shied away from grappling with questions about space -- such as the size, location, or even existence of cities -- because the "terrain was seen as unsuitable for the tools at hand." Krugman's book, however, is not a call to abandon economic modeling. He concludes with a reminder of why insisting on the use of models may be right, even when these sometimes lead economists to overlook good ideas. He also recaps the discussion of development and economic geography with a commentary on recent developments in those fields and areas where further inquiry looks most promising.

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1,214 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Chains and networks, territories and scales: towards a relational framework for analysing the global economy

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Peter Dicken¹, Philip F. Kelly², Kris Olds³, Henry Wai-chung Yeung³•Institutions (3)

University of Manchester¹, York University², National University of Singapore³

01 Apr 2001-Global Networks-a Journal of Transnational Affairs

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that any understanding of the global economy must be sensitive to four considerations: (a) conceptual categories and labels carry with them the dis- cursive power to shape material processes; (b) multiple scales of analysis must be incorporated in recognition of the contemporary'relativization of scale'; (c) no single institutional or organizational locus of analysis should be privileged; and (d) extrapolations from specific case studies and instances must be treated with caution.

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Abstract: A vast and continually expanding literature on economic globalization continues to generate a miasma of conflicting viewpoints and alternative discourses. This article argues that any understanding of the global economy must be sensitive to four considerations: (a) conceptual categories and labels carry with them the dis- cursive power to shape material processes; (b) multiple scales of analysis must be incorporated in recognition of the contemporary 'relativization of scale'; (c) no single institutional or organizational locus of analysis should be privileged; and (d) extrapolations from specific case studies and instances must be treated with caution, but this should not preclude the option of discussing the global economy, and power relations within it, as a structural whole. This paper advocates a network method- ology as a potential framework to incorporate these concerns. Such a methodology requires us to identify actors in networks, their ongoing relations and the structural outcomes of these relations. Networks thus become the foundational unit of analysis for our understanding of the global economy, rather than individuals, firms or nation states. In presenting this argument we critically examine two examples of network methodology that have been used to provide frameworks for analysing the global economy: global commodity chains and actor-network theory. We suggest that while they fall short of fulfilling the promise of a network methodology in some respects, they do provide indications of the utility of such a methodology as a basis for under- standing the global economy.

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1,007 citations

"Political economy of port competiti..." refers background or methods in this paper

...However, most criticism is on the way the institutional framework is conceptualized, particularly the role of the nation-state (Dicken et al, 2001, p. 100)....
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...In this a relational notion of power is employed, defined as: “the capacity to exercise that is realized only through the process of exercising” (Dicken et al, 2001, p.93)....
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...A group of scholars in the field economic geography especially, the so-called ‘Manchester School’ (cf. Dicken et al 2001; Henderson et al. 2002; Coe et al 2004), became very active in critically assessing and re-conceptualizing the GCC-framework....
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