Pollution to solution: Capture and sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2) and its utilization as a renewable energy source for a sustainable future
TL;DR: In this article, a sustainable method combining CCS and biofuel production using CO2 as a feedstock is proposed. But, the method is not suitable for large-scale CCS systems.
Abstract: The major contributor to global warming is human-generated greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions that pollute the air. GHGs emissions are a global issue dominated by emission of carbon dioxide (CO2). Notably, CO2 accounts for an estimated 77% of GHGs and thus has a huge impact on the environment. The capture, sequestration, and utilization of CO2 emissions from flue gas are now becoming familiar worldwide. These methods are a promising solution to promote sustainability for the benefit of future generations. Previously, many researchers have focused on capturing and storing CO2; however, less effort has been spent on finding ways to utilize flue gas emissions. Moreover, several issues must be overcome in the field of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technology, especially regarding the cost, capacity of storage and the durability of the storage reservoir. In addition, this paper addresses new technology in carbon capture and sequestration. To make CCS technology more feasible, this paper suggests a sustainable method combining CCS and biofuel production using CO2 as a feedstock. This method offers many advantages, such as CO2 emission mitigation and energy security through the production of renewable energy. Due to the many advantages of biofuels, the conversion of CO2 into biofuel is a best practice and may provide a solution to pollution while encouraging sustainability practises.
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TL;DR: This work critically summarized and comprehensively reviewed the characteristics and performance of both liquid and solid CO2 adsorbents with possible schemes for the improvement of their CO2 capture ability and advances in CO2 utilization.
Abstract: Dramatically increased CO2 concentration from several point sources is perceived to cause severe greenhouse effect towards the serious ongoing global warming with associated climate destabilization, inducing undesirable natural calamities, melting of glaciers, and extreme weather patterns. CO2 capture and utilization (CCU) has received tremendous attention due to its significant role in intensifying global warming. Considering the lack of a timely review on the state-of-the-art progress of promising CCU techniques, developing an appropriate and prompt summary of such advanced techniques with a comprehensive understanding is necessary. Thus, it is imperative to provide a timely review, given the fast growth of sophisticated CO2 capture and utilization materials and their implementation. In this work, we critically summarized and comprehensively reviewed the characteristics and performance of both liquid and solid CO2 adsorbents with possible schemes for the improvement of their CO2 capture ability and advances in CO2 utilization. Their industrial applications in pre- and post-combustion CO2 capture as well as utilization were systematically discussed and compared. With our great effort, this review would be of significant importance for academic researchers for obtaining an overall understanding of the current developments and future trends of CCU. This work is bound to benefit researchers in fields relating to CCU and facilitate the progress of significant breakthroughs in both fundamental research and commercial applications to deliver perspective views for future scientific and industrial advances in CCU.
453 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the most fundamental aspects of adsorptive CO2 separation are discussed in order to illuminate the "sweet spot" to be explored when electronic structure, polarity and pore size/geometry are rationally balanced and optimized.
Abstract: Fundamental aspects and actual developments of selective CO2 capture from relevant sources (flue gas or air) by reversible physisorption are critically reviewed. Thermodynamic as well as kinetic principles of CO2 adsorption in the presence of other gases are linked to current approaches of materials development. Whilst hundreds or even thousands of porous materials have been evaluated for CO2 capture, research in this field is still full of challenges, as for instance a feasible physical adsorbent for CO2 capture for direct capture from air has still not been found. Current attempts towards the optimization of materials in terms of CO2 uptake/selectivity, regenerability, tolerance against water, and cost most often exclude each other. The aim of this article is not to summarize all recent attempts towards tailoring of materials for selective CO2 capture but to discuss the most fundamental aspects of adsorptive CO2 separation in order to illuminate the “sweet spot” to be explored when electronic structure, polarity, and pore size/geometry are rationally balanced and optimized – just like nature does when exerting selective binding of gases.
406 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of previous engineering and research works on various CO2 capture techniques using ionic liquids (ILs) is presented, focusing on the thermodynamic and mass transfer aspects.
Abstract: Global warming due to the emission of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide (CO2), has a significant effect on the climate change and has become a widespread concern in the recent years. Carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration (CCUS) strategy appears to be effective in decreasing the carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere. Despite a great progress in this field, there are still major limitations in commercialized the CO2 capture methods that rely on absorption phenomena. High capital costs of for the CO2 capture, low absorption and desorption rates (which require large facilities), solvent losses due to evaporation, and the use of corrosive solvents are among main obstructions. Recently, CO2 capture with ionic liquids (ILs) has appreciably attracted researchers’ attention. The distinct properties of ILs such as negligible vapor pressure and their affinity to capture the CO2 molecules make them a feasible alternative for currently available solvents including, different amines. This paper covers a brief review of previous engineering and research works on various CO2 capture techniques, the description of CO2 capture process using ILs, mechanisms of the CO2 capture with ILs at molecular level, CO2 and ILs properties, characterization of the CO2/IL systems, impacts of operating and fluids conditions on CO2 absorption capacity by ILs, and CO2 solubility and selectivity in ILs. Moreover, the technical and economic aspects of the CO2 capture with ILs, screening criteria for ILs/CO2 systems, and important results obtained from previous studies will form the last parts of this manuscript. This review offers a proper/systematic guideline that assists researchers and engineers to comprehensively understand and to effectively design the CO2/ILs processes, focusing on the thermodynamic and mass transfer aspects.
325 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, several CO2 capture strategies have been proposed to mitigate the issue of climate change caused by the utilization of fossil fuels, which is recognized as a primary option for mitigating the issue.
Abstract: CO2 capture, utilization and storage has been recognized as a primary option to mitigate the issue of climate change caused by the utilization of fossil fuels. Several CO2 capture strategies have b ...
283 citations
TL;DR: A brief summary on the current and developing technologies of hydrogen that are noteworthy is provided in this paper, where easily obtained broad-spectrum knowledge on a variety of processes is involved as well as their advantages, disadvantages, and potential adjustments in making a process that is fit for future development.
208 citations
References
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01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: The first volume of the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report as mentioned in this paper was published in 2007 and covers several topics including the extensive range of observations now available for the atmosphere and surface, changes in sea level, assesses the paleoclimatic perspective, climate change causes both natural and anthropogenic, and climate models for projections of global climate.
Abstract: This report is the first volume of the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report. It covers several topics including the extensive range of observations now available for the atmosphere and surface, changes in sea level, assesses the paleoclimatic perspective, climate change causes both natural and anthropogenic, and climate models for projections of global climate.
32,826 citations
TL;DR: This article found that corn-based ethanol, instead of producing a 20% savings, nearly doubled greenhouse emissions over 30 years and increased greenhouse gases for 167 years, by using a worldwide agricultural model to estimate emissions from land-use change.
Abstract: Most prior studies have found that substituting biofuels for gasoline will reduce greenhouse gases because biofuels sequester carbon through the growth of the feedstock. These analyses have failed to count the carbon emissions that occur as farmers worldwide respond to higher prices and convert forest and grassland to new cropland to replace the grain (or cropland) diverted to biofuels. By using a worldwide agricultural model to estimate emissions from land-use change, we found that corn-based ethanol, instead of producing a 20% savings, nearly doubles greenhouse emissions over 30 years and increases greenhouse gases for 167 years. Biofuels from switchgrass, if grown on U.S. corn lands, increase emissions by 50%. This result raises concerns about large biofuel mandates and highlights the value of using waste products.
4,696 citations
10 Jul 1997
TL;DR: This paper presents a meta-modelling system that automates the very labor-intensive and therefore time-heavy and therefore expensive and expensive process of characterization and activation of Solid Catalysts.
Abstract: Preparation of Solid Catalysts. Characterization of Solid Catalysts. Model Systems. Elementary Steps and Mechanisms. Kinetics and Transport Processes. Deactivation and Regeneration. Special Catalytic Systems. Laboratory Reactors. Reaction Engineering. Environmental Catalysis. Inorganic Reactions. Energy-related Catalysis. Organic Reactions.
4,227 citations
Book•
27 Aug 2021
TL;DR: The implications of carbon dioxide capture and storage for greenhouse gas inventories and accounting are discussed in detail in this paper, where the authors present a list of publications related to CO2 and carbon-based fuels.
Abstract: Foreword Preface Summary for Policymakers Technical Summary 1. Introduction 2. Sources of CO2 3. Capture of CO2 4. Transport of CO2 5. Underground geological storage 6. Ocean storage 7. Mineral carbonation and industrial uses of carbon dioxide 8. Costs and economic potential 9. Implications of carbon dioxide capture and storage for greenhouse gas inventories and accounting Annex I. Properties of CO2 and carbon-based fuels Annex II. Glossary, acronyms and abbreviations Annex III. Units Annex IV. Authors and Expert Reviewers Annex V. List of IPCC publications.
3,339 citations
01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: In this paper, a special report, prepared by Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, provides information for policymakers, scientists and engineers in the field of climate change and reduction of CO2 emissions.
Abstract: This special report, prepared by Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, provides information for policymakers, scientists and engineers in the field of climate change and reduction of CO2 emissions. It describes sources, capture, transport, and storage of CO2. It also discusses the costs, economic potential, and societal issues of the technology, including public perception and regulatory aspects. Storage options evaluated include geological storage, ocean storage, and mineral carbonation. Notably, the report places CO2 capture and storage in the context of other climate change mitigation options, such as fuel switch, energy efficiency, renewables and nuclear energy. This report shows that the potential of CO2 capture and storage is considerable, and the costs for mitigating climate change can be decreased compared to strategies where only other climate change mitigation options are considered. The importance of future capture and storage of CO2 for mitigating climate change will depend on a number of factors, including financial incentives provided for deployment, and whether the risks of storage can be successfully managed. The volume includes a summary for policymakers approved by governments represented in the IPCC, and a technical summary. The full special report (only in English) as well as the summary for policymakers (in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish) can be downloaded from the Web site: www.ipcc.ch/activity/srccs/index.htm.
3,237 citations