Polymer electrolytes: the route towards solid polymer electrolytes with stable electrochemical performances upon long term storage
TL;DR: In this paper, the conductivite ionique de sels de lithium dissous dans du polyoxyde d'ethylene, diminue par stockage, a temperature ambiante.
Abstract: La conductivite ionique de sels de lithium dissous dans du polyoxyde d'ethylene, diminue par stockage, a temperature ambiante. Ceci est du a une cristallisation qui peut etre inhibee par addition de caoutchouc nitrile et d'un macromere de polyoxyde d'ethylene
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22 Jan 2013
TL;DR: Premises of creation of Internet portal designed to provide access to participants of educational and scientific process for the joint creation, consolidation, concentration and rapid spreading of educationaland scientific information resources in its own depository are considered.
Abstract: Premises of creation of Internet portal designed to provide access to participants of educational and scientific process for the joint creation, consolidation, concentration and rapid spreading of educational and scientific information resources in its own depository are considered. CMS-based portal content management systems’ potentiality is investigated. Architecture for Internet portal of MES of Ukraine’s information resources is offered.
969 citations
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...електрохімічних пристроях, таких як літієві акумуляторні батареї і паливні елементи, датчики, тощо [143,144]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors place the lithium ion technology in a historical context and give insights into the battery technology diversity that evolved during the past decades and which will, in turn, influence future research and development.
Abstract: Since their market introduction in 1991, lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have developed evolutionary in terms of their specific energies (Wh/kg) and energy densities (Wh/L). Currently, they do not only dominate the small format battery market for portable electronic devices, but have also been successfully implemented as the technology of choice for electromobility as well as for stationary energy storage. Besides LIBs, a variety of different technologically promising battery concepts exists that, depending on the respective technology, might also be suitable for various application purposes. These systems of the “next generation,” the so-called post-lithium ion batteries (PLIBs), such as metal/sulfur, metal/air or metal/oxygen, or “post-lithium technologies” (systems without Li), which are based on alternative single (Na+, K+) or multivalent ions (Mg2+, Ca2+), are currently being studied intensively. From today’s point of view, it seems quite clear that there will not only be a single technology for all applications (technology monopoly), but different battery systems, which can be especially suitable or combined for a particular application (technology diversity). In this review, we place the lithium ion technology in a historical context and give insights into the battery technology diversity that evolved during the past decades and which will, in turn, influence future research and development.
730 citations
TL;DR: Synchrotron hard X-ray microtomography experiments on symmetric lithium-polymer-lithium cells cycled at 90 °C show that during the early stage of dendrite development, the bulk of the dendritic structure lies within the electrode, underneath the polymer/electrode interface.
Abstract: Failure caused by dendrite growth in high-energy-density, rechargeable batteries with lithium metal anodes has prevented their widespread use in applications ranging from consumer electronics to electric vehicles. Efforts to solve the lithium dendrite problem have focused on preventing the growth of protrusions from the anode surface. Synchrotron hard X-ray microtomography experiments on symmetric lithium-polymer-lithium cells cycled at 90 °C show that during the early stage of dendrite development, the bulk of the dendritic structure lies within the electrode, underneath the polymer/electrode interface. Furthermore, we observed crystalline impurities, present in the uncycled lithium anodes, at the base of the subsurface dendritic structures. The portion of the dendrite protruding into the electrolyte increases on cycling until it spans the electrolyte thickness, causing a short circuit. Contrary to conventional wisdom, it seems that preventing dendrite formation in polymer electrolytes depends on inhibiting the formation of subsurface structures in the lithium electrode.
722 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review highlights the fundamental physical properties of PMMA, coupled with experimental evidence of its essential chemistry, such as solubility, hydrolysis, grafting, combustion reactions, reactions with amines, and thermal decomposition.
Abstract: Advances in the use of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) have opened up a wide range of applications in the field of nanotechnology. The knowledge of the properties of PMMA has contributed a lot to the recent boosts in the synthesis, modification, and applications of the polymer. However, there is a need to condense these developments in the form of an article for better understanding and easy access. This review highlights the fundamental physical properties of PMMA, coupled with experimental evidence of its essential chemistry, such as solubility, hydrolysis, grafting, combustion reactions, reactions with amines, and thermal decomposition. The recent developments in the applications of PMMA in biomedical, optical, solar, sensors, battery electrolytes, nanotechnology, viscosity, pneumatic actuation, molecular separations, and polymer conductivity were also revealed.
649 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of >30 years of research on alternative poly(ethylene oxide) host materials for Li-ion-conducting solid polymer electrolytes is presented, with a clear focus on Li batteries.
625 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, the temperature dependence of poly(ethylene oxide) complexes with sodium iodide and the thiocyanates of sodium, potassium and ammonium has been investigated.
Abstract: The temperature dependence of d.c. conductivity of poly(ethylene oxide) complexes with sodium iodide and the thiocyanates of sodium, potassium and ammonium has been investigated. In each case a transition to a lower activation energy at higher temperatures was observed. For the sodium complexes this transition occurs at ca 55°C which is well below the crystalline melting points at 200°C. For the potassium and ammonium complexes however, the transitions coincide with the melting points at ca 100 and 70°C respectively. It is proposed that at the transitions, thermal disintegration of complexes in the amorphous regions occurs. The complexes involve coordination of the cations to the ether oxygen atoms in the polymer backbone.
1,025 citations
TL;DR: In this article, conductivity, N.M.R. and D.S.C. measurements in two P(EO) complexes are presented, and the elastomeric phase is shown to be responsible of the ionic conductivity at all temperatures.
967 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of adding an inert filler (α-alumina) to lithium perchlorate-poly(ethylene oxide) polymer electrolytes have been investigated.
531 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors employed IR and Raman spectroseopy to study well characterized samples of the following poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) complexes: PEO·NaBr, PEO•NaI, PIO·NaSCN, POO·NaBF4, PO•NaCF3SO3, POE·KSCN and PEO-RbSCN.
287 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of impedance measurements in the frequency range 10−4−2 × 105 Hz and in the temperature range 20-170°C is reported for the cell: Li-metal/LiSCN [dissolved in poly (ethyleneoxide)]/Li-metal On the basis of the measurements a whole range of electrical properties such as the conductivity, the charge transfer resistance, the transport number for the Li+-ion, the double layer capacity and the dielectric constant were determined for the polymer complex.
197 citations